Presentation for Cirdap-Edited by Lia

8/9/2019 Presentation for Cirdap-Edited by Lia

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Macro Micro Lingkages in ProjectMacro Micro Lingkages in Project

Planning an Indonesian Case inPlanning an Indonesian Case in

Tsunami Rehabilitation ProjectTsunami Rehabilitation Project

I S K A N D A RDeputy for Economic and Business DevelopmentRehabilitation and Reconstruction Executing Agencyfor Aceh and Nias (BRR)


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Housing

Infrastructure

120,000 housing units destroyed

2260 bridges rendered un-passable

6.611 fishermen in Aceh killedAll major harbors destroyed

About 25.000 hectares Mangrovearea destroyed

Fishery

Industries

Education

Health

150,000 students lost educationfacilities

1823 teachers killed17,228 students killed

2112 schools destroyed

690 health centers destroyed

LivelihoodsWithout reconstruction, GDP in Acehwould decline by 14% between

2004 and 2005

THE DAMAGE


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AND DESTROYED OVER 800 KM OF COASTLINE

San Diego

Paris London

San Fransisco 800 km

320 km


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TOPICS TO BE COVERED

BRR TO RESTORE ACEH-NIAS ANDBUILD BACK BETTER

RURAL DEVELOPMENT ANDAGRICULTURE/FISHERIESREVITALIZATION

MICRO-MACRO LINKAGES


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BRR TO RESTORE ACEH-NIAS AND BUILD BACKBETTER

To restore livelihoods and strengthencommunities in Aceh and Nias by designingand implementing a coordinated,community-driven reconstruction anddevelopment program with the highest

professional standards

BRR Mission

4-Years Vision

To build dignified, transparent,democratic and prosperous Aceh andNias societies


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COMMUNITY CONSENSUS IS A KEY FORBOTTOM-UP APPROACH


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397

391

307

1

679

320

982

USD million

INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY HAS SHOWN GREAT GENEROSITY

Red Cross

Bi-lateral donors

Multi-lateral donors*

United Nations

Govt. of Indonesia(debt moratorium)

NGOs

Total value $3.6B

MDTF

391

450

1,203

1,414

600

982

2,100

Approved projects Commitments/MOUs

$7.1B

* Includes EU, ADB, IDB, IOMSource: BRR Project Concept Note database, BRR Commitments/MOUs/Pledges database

05budget


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67

65

49

18

208

215

303

367

384

Economicdevelopment

Cross sectoral

Institutional building

Education

Health

Infrastructureand housing

Religion, Social,and Culture

Secretariat

Spatial planning

Not allocated

1,941

USD million

Total value $3.6B

MAIN FOCUS HAS BEEN ON HOUSING AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Source: BRR Project Concept Note database


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2005 GOVERNMENT BUDGETPROJECTS

NEED TO BE MONITORED AND ACCELERATED

400

110

45

Budgetapproval

Intenderprocess

Started

Government budget projectMillion Dollars

Local government projectsfunded by 4 trillion Rp debtmoratorium allocation slowto start

BRR hiring technicaladvisors to review projectdesigns and monitorprocurement process

BRR reserves right to takeover direct implementationof projects in event ofserious delays orirregularities

Governmentbudget

monitoring&

acceleration


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TARGETS BYTHE END OFTHIS YEAR

Get all IDPs out of tents

Build 30,000 housesProvide water and sanitation to 35,000Issue 50,000 land titles

Strengthen existing roads & bridges (to carry 20 tontrucks)

3 ports rehabilitatedSea wall protection in Banda Aceh

150 new or rehabilitated schools; 200 under construction2 hospitals and 130 health facilities completed (25Puskesmas, 30 Pustu, 75 Polindes)

Rehabilitation or distribution of 10,000 boatsRehabilitation of 35,000 hectares of farmlandRecovery of 4,800 SMEs

Complete training for 460 project leaders andadministrators, and head of technical offices from all

Kabupatens

IDPs

Housing& land

Infrastructure

Education &Health

EconomicDevelopment

InstitutionDevelopment


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Villageplanning

Temporaryshelter

Permanent housingShelter WorkingGroup creating

alignment onstandardsClear targets agreedwith 20 organisationsresponsible for 80%of construction

Emergency

infrastructure

Monitoring

system

BRR IS COORDINATING 5MAIN EFFORTS TO HELP ACHIEVE TARGETS

2005TARGETS

Village planningPlanning, communitymapping and land titlingstandards set (piloted withUSAID)

Training starting for NGOsand facilitators for villagemapping and planning

BPN accepts community

planning for land titlingand have now sent 180staff

Emergency infrastructureRehabilitate key

infrastructure, facilitiesessential for transport andlogistics over next 6m

World Bank funds managesFast implementation

methodsNGOs, UN carry out work

MonitoringInfrastructureBRR rolls out monitoringand evaluation system

All stakeholders need toprovide activityinformation

Advisory Committee onInformation Management& Monitoring (UNIMS,World Bank, etc.) RAND

system online

Temporary shelterGet 67.000 IDPs out oftents and upgrade existingshelters by mid December

UNORC manages programIFRC leads implementation,importing temporaryshelters

IOM+Atlas+UNJLC: logistics

NGOs: assist shelterconstruction and upgrading


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MONITORING SYSTEMWILLMAKE USE OF5 CHANNELS

Projectprogressreporting

Communitymonitoringmechanism

ComplaintsHandlingMechanism

BRR

NGOs,Donors

Bupati/Bappeda

Camat Camat

Villages

Impactsurveys

1 2 3 4RandomFieldChecks

5

Surveyor

consul-tants

Govt.projects

PO

boxes,SMS,e-mail

Statistics

Bureau,donors,

academics, etc.


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GEOGRAPHIC GAPS ALSO EXIST CERTAIN KECAMATAN

MAY BE LACKING PROGRAMS

* Source: Camat survey by Garansi of 77 affected kecamatan

All sectors have plan or activity

1 or 2 sectors have no plan or activity

At least 3 sectors have no plan oractivity

No data

LegendKecamatan without plan or activity


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KEYPERFORMANCE ISSUES

Slow pace of 2005 governmentprojectsGovernmentprojects

Local and centralgovernment departmentsto speed up fund flows &implementationNot always using community-

driven approachVariable quality and equity ofoutputs

Non-registration

NGOs NGOs to adopt code ofconduct and register with

BRR

Risk of corruptionLack of transparency into fundusage

Governance &transparency

All stakeholders to cooperatewith BRR Anti-CorruptionUnit and KPK, e.g.,encourage use of complaintsmechanism

Issue Action required

Lack of consolidated, verifiabledata on reconstructionactivities

Information All stakeholders tocollaborate with BRR-ledmonitoring processes

Lack of awareness of programsamong IDPs&local communities

Bupati and Camats not alwaysinformed

Participation All stakeholders to invest incommunication withbeneficiaries & government


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RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND

AGRICULTURE / FISHERIES REVITALIZATION

Low farmer/fishermen productivity

Low farmer/fishermen income

Low farmer/fishermen individual productivity

SECTORLABOR PRODUKTIVITY INDEX

YEAR2003 YEAR2004

Agriculture, Fisheries,Forestry

0.32 0.31

Industry 2.80 2.78

Industry related toagriculture, fisheries, andforestry

2.61 2.64

Condition beforeTsunami


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Even lower farmer/fisher productivity

Damaged agricultural land and fish pond Loss of fishing boat

Loss of agricultural machinery

(hand tractor, thresher, etc)

Loss of livestock

Condition afterTsunami


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Build back better

Revitalization of Agriculture, Fisheries andForestry (promoted by Indonesian

President)

Opportunity to start implementation of theprogram in NAD and Nias

Possibly become a role model for otherprovince in Indonesia

Rehabilitation andreconstruction

Strategy Community base development

Commodity base program

Market orientation

Integrated approach


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Micro-Macro Linkages

The concept of micro-macro linkages:

different from a way it is commonly used

Common : a) The effectiveness of the micro-level initiatives such asat the village level are successfully replicated in other

areas and thus have a beneficial impact much greaterthan in the original program area.

b) The degree to which micro-level initiatives have afavorable effect on macro policies.

Sources : Assessment of Micro-Macro Linkages in PovertyAlleviation: South Asia prepared by the United NationsDevelopment Program Evaluation Office in October 2003.


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Our discussion : examining the relationships between thebenefits produced by Micro-levelinitiatives/projects and the existing ofcomplementary Macro-level initiatives.

Our basic the benefits/productivity of many types ofhypothesis: micro-level initiatives can be enhanced by

complementary macro-level initiatives.


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Problem in RR: The productivity of micro livelihood activities invillages is limited by insufficient linkages/supportfrom macro activities

Soon after the Tsunami, NGOs acted quickly with various programs tohelp villagers restore their livelihoods.

Major areas of endeavor were:

1. Cash for work schemes helping farmers to clear their lands of debrisbrought by the tsunami and repair irrigation and drainage channels;

2. Provision of agricultural ingredient inputs to farmers such as seeds,fertilizers, pesticides, etc.;

3. Provision of machinery and equipment to farmers such as handtractors, tillers, threshers, hand tools;

4. Replanting of trees especially coconuts and mangroves;

5. Replacement of fishersboats, equipment, and landing sites assistsmall businesses to become re-established through grants and micro-credit;


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6. Rehabilitation of household and cottage industries;7. Training persons to enable them to earn incomes as service

providers or employeessuch as to become bricklayers, carpenters,mechanics, seamstresses, preparing foods of various types, fishdrying and other processing.

The potential benefits from most

of these micro livelihood activities

are limited by insufficient supportivemacro activities.


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A Strategy for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

Fast respond from NGOs with their livelihood programs need to be

supported by macro program.

The BRR recognizes that through its

debt moratorium funds it can fund

macro activities that will have a very

positive effect on the benefits

realized from the micro livelihoods

funds.


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The success of the agricultural livelihood activities is affected by themacro support activities.

High quality seeds will increases productivity

But need support from agricultural inputs:

- such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides,- in the case of rice paddy to have good control

over the irrigation water supply.

Thus the BRR puts a very high priority on rehabilitating theroad network serving rural areas

If the roads serving the farmers has not been repaired:

- the costs of their inputs will be high,- the price of their produce will be low,

- uneconomic for farmers to increase their productivity


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Irrigation system is greatlyaffected by:

- rehabilitation of the irrigationchannel and system by NGO

- deforestation upstream anderosion

For this reason the BRR:not just concerned with thecondition of the irrigation afterrehabilitation by NGOs inspecific villages,

but also with the condition of the relevant parts of the connected riverbasin.


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Chemistry of the soils:

Change significantly after the Tsunami,especially in its salinity.

In some cases the NGOs went ahead withtheir land rehabilitation and support forreplanting programs without being aware ofserious soil chemistry problems.

Because of this, the BRR is supporting aprogram to have soil experts survey theseareas and make recommendations for

treating the land before replanting it, ormaking recommendations about the types ofplants that are suitable.


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Other macro factors affecting farmers

productivity: titles to their land, the quality of research and its

application the prevention of plant and animal

diseases

quality agricultural extension services the healthiness of the environment inwhich the farmers live

In these cases usually actions at a larger than village scale are requiredto address problems and increase potentials.

The BRR in its programs is providing support in these ways to the villagefocused livelihood programs.


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Rehabilitation of Aquaculture Activities

The rehabilitation of fish pondsincluding water supply anddrainage channels is also acommon livelihood activity incoastal areas.

Macro external factors also greatly

affect their success:

Shrimp hatcheries and nurseriesto supply the baby shrimp

Nearby cold storage, processing,and marketing facilities arerequired to support theaquaculture activities of thefarmers.


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Rehabilitation ofFishing Activities

The rehabilitation of fishing activities including: the replacement of fishersboats, Provision of equipment, and landing sites

But:Not sufficient for success.

Other facilities needed (supported by BRR): processing and cold storage facilities well developed transportation network

to get the fish to market fuel service stations.


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Rehabilitation of Household and Cottage Industries

Rehabilitation of household and cottage industries (HCI) can also behampered by external macro factors.

The existence of a sufficiently developed road network

to lower the costs of raw materials and to increase the produced product price

The availability of reasonably priced, reliable and good qualitysupplies of electricity.

Availability of micro-retailers to sell their products.


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Business development services:

Can substantially improve their competitiveness,

Can greatly complement village livelihood activities,

Fortunately in Aceh:

Swiss Contact and the International Finance Corporation throughtheir PENSA program will be helping to increase the supply of these

services.

General business climate

The costs of licensing to operate (time and money). Avoid licensing when possible, unless control is essential

One stop service centers is crucial, such as the small businessregional forums (FORDA) and the PENSA program

Law and order are also very important. E.g. theft of produce.


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Employment ofPersons Trained is Dependent on

Macro / External Factors

Livelihood programs often include training activities for employment bothwithin and outside the village. In the case of training for outsideemployment clearly policies and programs affect the employmentdemand for the trainees.

If the persons trained are not the best trained and most productive, then apolicy of setting high minimum wage rates will make it difficult for themto secure the jobs relative to more highly trained persons. In the case ofAceh, employers may prefer to bring in more highly trained personsfrom other provinces.

Clearly also the types of skills developed through the training must matchthe composition of demand for these skills in the marketplace outside ofthe village. Individual livelihood training programs in villages may notbe knowledgeable about the overall supply and demand for particulartypes of skills in the larger marketplace.


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Thank You

Presentation for Cirdap-Edited by Lia

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