Presentation DFMA.pdf

7/27/2019 Presentation DFMA.pdf

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Presented by:

Nor Hidayah Binti Md Isa

B041010255

4 BMCD



Standard in engineering specify an

adherence to a level or quality that must be

maintained to insure the safety of those

involved.

Standards promote safety, reliability,

productivity, efficiency, and consistency.

The process of formulating, issuing and

implementing standards is called

standardization.



The demand for compatibility came from an

understanding

of

the

importance

of

safety

.

An example of this occurred in 1904, during a

fire in Baltimore, Maryland. More than 1500

structures burned to the ground.

Fire companies came from areas such as New

York, but could not help because their hose

couplings did not fit the fire hydrants inBaltimore.



Aims of Standardization

Fitness forpurpose

Interchange

ability

Compatibility

Variety

Reduction

Environmentalprotection

Removal of trade barriers

Transfer of

technology

Bettercommunication

and

understanding

Betterutilization of

resources



Rationalize the manufacturing process.

Eliminate or reduce wasteful material or

labour.

Reduce the cost of manufacture.

Reduce inventories of both raw materialand finished products.



1• Assure the quality of goods

purchased and services received.

2• Provide better value for money.

3• Are convenient for settling

disputes, if any, with suppliers.



Provide a workable basis foracceptance or rejection of goodsor consequential disputes, if any.

Minimize delays, correspondence, etc.,resulting from inaccurate or incomplete

specification of materials or products.



Provide starting points for researchand development for furtherimprovement of goods and

services.



A standard generally has three attributes:

Aspect

such as specification, testing and analysis, packaging andlabelling

Subject

such as engineering, food, textile or management.

Level

such as at the company, national or international level.



Figure I shows a standardization diagram that

refers to the level, subject and aspects of

standards, which was created by Dr. Lal C.

Verman, founder and Director General of the

Bureau of Indian Standards, the national

standards body of India.



There are two main types of standards:

A performance standard, which specifies

what a product is supposed to accomplish,

and

A design standard, which describes what the

product is made of and how it is to be

constructed.



Vocabulary standards,

e.g. glossaries, signs and symbols;

Basic standards,

such as units of measures;

Product standards,

that cover, inter alia, specificationsfor dimensions, performance, health,safety, environmental protection and

documentation;

Standards for inspection, testmethods and analysis;

Standards that focus onorganization,

such as for logistics, maintenance,inventory management, quality

management, project management andproduction management.



The main functions of NSBs include:

Preparation and promulgationof national standards;

Promotion of theimplementation of standards by

industry;

Certification of products;



Arab Organization forStandardization and

Metrology(ASMO)

Pan American StandardsCommission (COPANT)

InternationalOrganization forStandardization

(ISO)

International Electrotechnical Commission

(IEC)

Codex AlimentariusCommission

(Codex)

InternationalTelecommunication

Union

(ITU)

African RegionalOrganization forStandardization

(ARSO)

European

Committee forStandardization(CEN)



Tensile tests provide information on thestrength and ductility of materials underuniaxial tensile stresses.

According to ASTM, this information can thenbe used to compare materials, developalloys, maintain quality control, and assistwith some aspects of design.

The ASTM standard tension specimen has a0.500 inch diameter and a gage length of 2.0inches between the gage marks.



A standard round test specimen has the

following dimensions:

•

Gage Length of 2.000 +/- 0.005 inches.• Diameter of 0.500 +/- 0.010 inches.

• Radius of fillet, min. of 3/8 inches.

• Length of reduced section, min. of 2 ¼ inches.

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