Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience ...
Transcript of Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience ...
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Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience, Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, School Of Medicine, Shahid Beheshty University Of Medical Sciences
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Cervical (C) - Neck
(C1-8)
Thoracic (T) - Chest
(T1-12)
Lumbar (L) - Back
(L1-5)
Sacral (S) - Pelvis
(S1-5)
Coxygeal
Spinal cord segments, nerves and vertebrae
Vertebra
Spinal segment
Spinal root
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مننژ
عنکبوتیه
نرم شامه
سخت شامه
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Spinal Cord
• anterior root:
- motor
• posterior root:
- sensory
Law of
Bell-Magendie
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رباط دندانه ایی
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هسته های ماده خاکستری نخاع
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راههای نخاعی
راههای صعودی ، راههای نزولی و راههای بین سگمانی: راههای نخاعی•
تریور انتریور اسپینوتالامیک، لترال اسپینوتالامیک، پوس:راههای صعودی•
ینورتیکولار، فانیکولوس، انتریور اسپینوسربلار، پوستریور اسپینوسربلار، اسپ
اسپینو تکتال، اسپینواولیواری
ر، کورتیکواسپاینال لترال ، کورتیکو اسپاینال انتریو:راههای نزولی•
الروبرواسپاینال، وستیبولواسپاینال، اولیوواسپاینال، رتیکولواسپاین
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DRG (dorsal root ganglion) neuron
pseudounipolar cell
peripheral
process
central
process
telodendron
cell body
in DRG
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(حس لمس خفیف)انتریور اسپینوتالامیک
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اسپینوتالامیک لترال (حس درد و حرارت )
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لترال اسپینو تالامیک
Ventral
Dorsal
Ventral
Dorsal
Dorsal
Dorsal
Ventral
Ventral
Sacral
Lumbar
Thoracic
Cervical
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تالاموس
تشکیلات رتیکولار
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درد سریع درد آهسته
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G C
G C
Gracile N.
Cuneatus N.
IAFMedial lemeniscus
مسیر ستون خلفی
،فشار حس لمس دقیق ،
ارتعاش و لوکالیزاسیون
Ventral
Dorsal
Ventral
Dorsal
Ventral
Dorsal
Ventral
Dorsal
Ventral
Dorsal
Sacral
Lumbar
Thoracic
Cervical
Medulla
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تریجمینوتالامیکمسیر
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&پوستریور اسپینو سربلار
کونئوسربلار
انتریور اسپینوسربلارهسته کونئاتوس فرعی
Sacral
Lumbar
Thoracic
Cervical
Medulla
Ventral
Dorsal
Ventral
Dorsal
Ventral
Dorsal
Ventral
Dorsal
Ventral
Dorsal
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Posterior Column
Ataxia
Friedreich's ataxia
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upper motor neuronUMN
SOMATIC MOTOR SYSTEM
lower motor neuron
LMN
Brain Stem Descending
Pathway
Final Common Pathway
EFFECTORSskeletal muscle
Pyramidal Tract
VOLUNTARYCONTROL
AUTOMATIC CONTROL
Rubrospinal TractTectospinal TractVestibulospinal TractMLFReticulospinal Tract
REFLEX
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cortico spinal tractمسیر کورتیکو اسپاینال
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Internal Capsule
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مغز میانی
پل مغزی
بصل النخاع
نالمسیر کورتیکو اسپای
تقاطع پیرامیدال
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علامت بابینسکی–آسیب به مسیر کورتیکو اسپاینال
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Vestibulospinal Tract
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Reticulospinal Tract
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dorolateralpathway
مسیر تکتواسپاینال مسیر روبرواسپاینال
هسته قرمزهسته های تکتال
ventromedialpathway
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Decorticate sign
Decerebrate sign
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Brown-Séquard syndrome
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Spinal Cord Syndrome
Brown-Sequard syndrome
(spinal cord hemisection)
Major Symptoms
1. ipsilateral UMN syndrome below the level of lesion
2. ipsilateral LMN syndrome at the level of lesion
3. ipsilateral loss of discriminative touch sensation and
conscious proprioception below the level of lesion
(posterior white column lesion)
4. contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation
below the level of lesion (spinothalamic tract lesion)
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Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) vs Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) Syndrome
UMN syndrome LMN Syndrome
Type of Paralysis Spastic Paresis Flaccid Paralysis
Atrophy No (Disuse) Atrophy Severe Atrophy
Deep Tendon Reflex Increase Absent DTR
Pathological Reflex Positive Babinski Sign Absent
Superficial Reflex Absent Present
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Locked-in syndrome
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LMN Syndrome - Muscular Atrophy
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Guilan, Eshkevar