presentatie BEPE 19 maart 2012

8/2/2019 presentatie BEPE 19 maart 2012

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Initiatief in het kader van het Interreg IVB Project ARBOR, met steun van deEuropese gemeenschap, de Vlaamse Overheid en de provincie West-Vlaanderen.

Pieter Verdonckt, Inagro

Bio-energy production Europe BEPE project19 maart 2012

Woody biomass for local use:Short rotation coppice


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- What is short rotation coppice and why?

- Technical aspects

- Productivity and rentability

- Examples

- Multifunctional aspects


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Cultivation of fast growing woody plants of which theaboveground biomass is harvested in its entirity periodicallyfor up to 8 years after planting or after the previousharvest.

What is Short rotationcoppice (SRC)?

SRC forest

Condition:planted outside

vulnerable areas.


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Potential renewable energy by 2020

gg

g


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SWEDEN: 20.000 haPOLAND: 6800 haITALY: 6000ha (mainly poplar)ENGLAND: 3000haIRELAND: 1000 ha

GERMANY:


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2 different planting systems


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Five-year cropping system with Poplar

Advantages:- Less problems with weed control- Lower risk of damage by drought- Higher quality of wood (less bark)- Machines for harvest are available(cfr forestry)

Desadvantages:- Shorter life span; more expensive- No machines for mechanicalplanting


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3-jarig systeem met wilg Zweeds systeem

Advantages:- Weed control is more intensive- Risk of damage by drought- More bark- Only one machine for harvest isavailable in Flanders (corn harvester)

Desadvantages:- Longer life span, less expensive- Machines for planting andmanagement are available


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Technichal aspects


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Site Selection - Site preparation

When?- early spring; February/March (lower risk of waterstress)

Where?- rectangular plot => minimal headlands- Rich loamy soils, good aeration and water

retention.- pH in the range 5,5 7

Pre-planting

- Pre-ploughing herbicide application ifnecessary (glyphosate 4 - 5l/ha)

- ploughing(plowed and power harrowed, prepareseedbed in mid march (6 weeks beforeplanting) spray off germinated weeds)- harrowed as close as possible toplanting


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Planting

Swedish planting system with shortcuttings, using a leek planter

double row system at a distance of0,75m and 1,50m between everydouble row

Headlands of at least 12m

planting distance in the row is0,60m or planting density of15.000cuttings per ha

2 ha/day


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Management

Less intensive than classic arable cultures

Weed control

Chemical pre-emergent herbicide:

in de poten van 180cm ( 5-jarige teelt )

Terano ( 60% Flufenacet + 2,5% Metosulam ) aan

0,5 tot 1kg/ha

in stekken 21cm ( 2-jarige teelt )

Mengsel van :

- Linuron 500SC ( Linuron 500g/l) 2L/ha

- Kerb 400SC ( Propyzamide 400g/L) 1,5L/ha

- AZ 500 ( Isoxaben 500g/L ) 0,5l/ha

AND

Mechanical with weeder or line cultivator


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Phratora vulgatissima

Pests in SRC


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IngerTordisToraRaambergerOlof

Pests in SRC


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Diseases in SRCRoest (Melamsora spp.)

- Most important fungalpathogen of SRC Willow

- mild winters favourdevelopment of the disease

- first seen in late spring,underside of leaf

- Lead to prematuredefoliation with implicationsfor yield

- Can cause significant levelsof damage to shoots andstools and even causedeath.


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Pests and diseases in SRC

Control could be achieved using fungicides or insecticides,however this is not considered a solution for a number ofreasons;

- Economics

- use of pesticides is not compatible with the idea ofwillow as an environmentally acceptable crop.

- Practically difficult to apply chemical disease andpest control.


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Only solution!Right choice of plant material;

Varities RelativeYield Leaf rust Insects* Leafbeetle Frost damage(schaal 0-5)

L 78183 (ref.) 100 100 100 100 4

TORA 155 (74)*** 0,2 43 112 3TORHILD 123 (41) 2 87 107 5SVEN 136 (45) 0,3 116 104 5OLOF 143 (41) 12 44 106 5GUDRUN 138 (20) 0,6 25 29 0TORDIS

131 (28)

0

57

86

5

INGER 141 (9) 9 64 89 5KARIN 107 (9) 6 81 104 1KLARA 125 (2) 4 33 85 0


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Harvest

Four different types of harvesters weretested and demonstrated this winter:

- Harvest when trees are at rest (nov-maart)- every 3 year , 30-60 tons DM/ 3 year (10-20 tons DM/ha/year)

AangepastemashakselaarBelgium

Energy harvester(Ny Vraa)Denmark

Stemster MKIII(Nordic Biomass)Denmark

BioBaler(Anderson Group Co.)Canada


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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

13/Nov 3/Dec 23/Dec 12/Jan 1/Feb 21/Feb

% humidity

Drying wood chips

Drying by natural convection (concretefloor, roofed and well ventilated) or usingactive ventilation (cf. grain drying)

Moisture content fresh wood chips 50%


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Short rotation coppice to

diversify agriculture


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Yield OF SRC on test plot 0,5 ha

YieldDM

(ton/ha/

year)

Yield test plots

Average yield DM incl.Raamberger = 16,71 ton

Average yield DM excl.Raamberger = 18,39 ton


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Estimation profitability

=> 12 ton DM (0% M)/ha/year=> 15,6 ton dry wood chips (30% M)/ha/year

Equivalent to 5000l oil/ha/year=> Every 3 year 46,8 ton dry wood can be harvested per ha

= 3,5 m/ tondry wood chips


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Estimation profitability 2ha SRC for own use

Investment Year 1 Cost (excl. VAT)

Pre- planting 270

Chemichal weed control 80

Plowing and harrowing 140Amount of cuttings(15000/ha)

Price cuttings (0,08) 1200

Planting with leek planter 900

Mechanical weed control 500

Subtotal 1 ha 2808

Total 2 ha 5.616

Farmer with a fuel consumption of 10.000l per year (0,749/l)= 7490/year

=> equivalent to 30 ton wood chips per year (M30%)

All prices are excl VAT


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Investments Price (excl VAT)2 ha SRC 5.616

Drying accomodation 300m3

(concrete floor + concrete walls and plasticgreenhouse)

11000

Price biomass installation

Wood boiler 100kW 20000

Supply system and stock 5500

Subsidies on investment (28%) -7140

Buffer 5.000l 6500Total investment wood boiler 24.860

Total investment for self sufficiency 44.300


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Yearly cost Cost (excl VAT)

Managemet plantation /ha

Year 1, 2, 3 (cycle 1) harvest 1300

fertilizing 0

Cycle 2 Etc. 1300

=> 1300 per cycle (3 year) or433 per year/ha

Yearly maintenance andservice of wood boiler

300

Cost (excl VAT)

Remove plantation after 21 year 2500


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Farmers uses its own produced wood chips coming from SRC

Production price perton

104,04

= ((depreciation 2ha en drying space) + management cost 2ha+ depreciation and maintenance of heating) / 31,2 ton

Gross revenu per tondry wood chips

243

Profit per ton 139

Annual net revenu perha

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= (saved cost 10000l oil + selling surplus wood chips) -(depreciation 2 ha, drying space and heating + management cost 2ha

+ maintenance heating)/2

Static pay back (years) 6,28

=> Assuming a production of 12 tons / year / ha, or 15.6 tons of wood chips (M30%) equivalent to 93.6 tons of wood chips (M30%) when harvesting every 3 years 2haFuel Oil Price 0.7490 / l (average 5000l) (excl. VAT and excise)

Estimation profitability 2ha SRC for


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13 ton/ha(=10 ton DS)

15,6 ton /ha(=12 ton DS)




26 ton/ha(=20 ton DS)

Net present

Vlaue

117.702 126.466 135.229 143.062 151.408 159.754

Modified internalrate of return(MIRR)

13 % 13 % 14 % 14 % 15 % 15 %

Dynamicpayback time(year)

7 7 6 6 6 6

Net annualincome/ha

2802 3011 3220 3406 3605 3804

Estimation profitability 2ha SRC forown useFarmer plants 2 ha SRC and dries wood chips ( Financingcost 6% => refinancing yield 3%

=> Discount rate 4%=> Taking into account a price increase of 5%/year for energy.

Compare net annual income/ ha with arable cultures=> Short rotation coppice => min. 2802 /ha

=> Wheat- potatoes - corn suga rbeet =>average 1500 /ha


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Preconditions and comments

- Yields are variable and depend on soil conditions and type

- All costs for construction and management fee calculated oncontract work

- There was no account of agricultural subsidies (/ha) in thecalculations. (typical for Flanders 460 / ha)

- Not include lease costs of ground (average rent of arable land inBelgium = 229 )

- If oil prices continue to rise, the profitability of the crops willfurther increase


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Examples


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- heating installation on wood 100kW(2007)

- SRC since 2008

- 2000m greenhouse (floriculture)

- 30 tons dry wood chips/year(= 10 000l oil)

- investment: 28 253

- 30% Vlif-steun (subsidies received)

-First harvest in nov 2011 after 4years (average yearly yield = 10 ton)

Farmer Dirk Talpe, Wervik (2ha)

D i f ith h


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- Dairy farm-Since 2001 2,5 ha SRC- used as biofilter for;

-dung juices from 60cows

- cleaning water fromstables- wastewater from thedairy and cheeseproduction

- total investment 65.000- yearly saved cost = 5000- 8m3/day, drip irrigation- upto 300 N-units/ha

Dairy farm with own cheeseproduction (2,5ha SRC) (Fr)


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Ursel (6ha poplar )


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Multifunctional applications ofSRC


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Extra income

Buffer against dust or odourLandscape integration

Biodiversity on industrial sites

New plantation spring 2012 (2,5 ha)

www.xylempor.eu

SRC and industry gounds


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Extra income

Improvement of animal well being

Drainage

Buffer for odour

Landscape integration

spring 2012: 1 ha will be planted

Chickens and chips?


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Biodiversity

Why does SRC has potential?

- Perennial low input culture, no use ofpesticides and low fertilization

- More stable and natural environmentthan intensively managed annual energy

crops- Willow is a host plant to a lot of insects- Development of a herbacious

vegetation below SRC and rich soil,higher natural equilibrium (insecten enhun predatoren)

- Large headlands without negativeeffects from pesticides where insects,butterflies and plants can occur.

spring 2012: 2,5 ha will be planted


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Thanks for your attention!

For more information, [email protected]

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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

presentatie BEPE 19 maart 2012

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