METODE PENELITIAN SOSIALBy: Alvin Agustino Saputra

ANALYZING EXISTING STATISTICS/DOCUMENTS

BABBIE Ch. 11

ANALYZING EXISTING STATISTICS/DOCUMENTS

BABBIE Ch. 11

Paradigma dan Metode Penelitian dalam Ilmu Sosial

Pendekatan Obyektif/Positivistik/Saintifik/Il

-miah

Pendekatan Subyektif/Interpretif/Naturalistik/Alamiah

Metode Kuantitatif Metode Kualitatif

Penelitian Lapangan

(Obtrusive):1. Survei2. Eksperi-

men3. Field

Research4. Focus

Group (FG)

Penelitian isi/teks media (Unobtrusive):1. Case Study2. Fenomeno-

logi3. Etnometo-

dologi4. Etnografi5. Biografi6. Grounded

Theory7. Interaksi

Simbolik

Metode Gabungan

Penelitian isi/teks media (Unobtrusive):

1. Content Analysis

2. Existing Statistics/Do-cuments

3. Secondary Research

4. Comparative & Historical Research

Penelitian Lapangan

(Obtrusive):1. Analisis

Framing2. Analisis

Wacana3. Semiotik4. Hermeneu-

tik

TECHNIQUES FOR DATA COLLECTION

A VARIETY OF GOVERNMENT AND NONGOVERNMENT AGENCIES PROVIDE AGGREGATE STATISTICAL DATA FOR STUDYING ASPECTS OF SOCIAL LIFE.

EXISTING STATISTICS MAY BE THE MAIN SOURCE OF DATA OR A SUPPLEMENTAL SOURCE OF DATA.

EXAMPLE: DURKHEIM’S STUDY OF SUICIDEDURKHEIM RELIED UPON EXISTING STATISTICS AT THE LEVEL OF NATIONSTATE TO UNDERSTAND THE LINK BETWEEN SOCIAL INTEGRATION INTO SOCIETY AND THE SUICIDE RATE.

What is Analyzing Existing Statistics ?

1. WE WANT TO SUMMARIZE SOME DATA IN A SHORTER FORM.

2. WE ARE TRYING TO UNDERSTAND SOME PROCESS AND POSSIBLE PREDICT BASED ON THIS UNDERSTANDING.

Why Use Existing Statistical Analysis?

Units of Analysis

Aggregate vs. Individual

Analyzing Existing Statistics

-Often times, existing statistics on individuals are aggregated to large geographic units, which makes it difficult to study individuals

- In particular, there is the risk of the ecological fallacy

- HEMAT WAKTU DAN BIAYA

- DAPAT MELAKUKAN ANALISIS ANTAR WAKTU: MELIHAT TREN PERUBAHAN YANG TERJADI

- LEBIH BANYAK WAKTU UNTUK ANALISIS DATA

- MENAWARKAN INTERPRETASI YANG BERBEDA DENGAN SEBELUMNYA

- PENGGUNAAN YANG MAKSIMAL DARI RISET YANG TELAH DILAKUKAN KEWAJIBAN PENELITI

Advantages of Existing Statistics

- USE EXISTING STATISTICS NOT APPROPRIATE FOR HIS/HER RESEARCH QUESTION

- THE RESEARCHER DOES NOT UNDERSTAND THE SUBSTANTIVE TOPIC

- THE FALLACY OF MISPLACED CONCRETENESS

Limitation of Existing Statistics

Problems of Validity- Because prior research may not have measured exactly what the researcher is interested in studying, the variables may not be completely valid.- A proxy for a construct - No control over how information is collected

Problems of Reliability- Researchers are limited by quality of existing statistics- If little effect was made to ensure reliability in the original data collection project, then the measures are less than reliable-Think about the demographic and economic statistics in many less developing countries

• DATA ARE AVAILABLE FROM A VARIETY OF SOURCES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND OTHER NGOS.-STATISTICAL ABSTRACT OF THE UNITED STATES(HTTP://WWW.CENSUS.GOV/COMPENDIA/STATAB/)- DEMOGRAPHIC YEARBOOK(HTTP://UNSTATS.UN.ORG/UNSD/DEMOGRAPHIC/PRODUCTS/DYB/DYB2.HTM)- WORLD BANK STATISTICS(HTTP://DATA.WORLDBANK.ORG/)- UNESCO INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS(HTTP://WWW.UIS.UNESCO.ORG/PAGES/DEFAULT.ASPX)- WORLD LABOR STATISTICS FROM ILO(HTTP://LABORSTA.ILO.ORG/)- HONG KONG CENSUS & STATISTICS DEPARTMENT(HTTP://WWW.CENSTATD.GOV.HK/HOME/INDEX.JSP)- NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA(HTTP://WWW.STATS.GOV.CN/ENGLISH/)

Sources of Existing Statistics