Present Perfect 4
26
Present Perfect or Past Simple part 4
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Present Perfect for actions in an open period Closing overview
Transcript of Present Perfect 4
Present PerfectorPast Simplepart 4
A: We’ve had 5 lessons this month.
A: We’ve had 5 lessons this month.
A: They had 2 lessons last month.
A: We’ve had 5 lessons this month.
A: They had 2 lessons last month.
now
last month
this month
now
closed period
open period
this grammar is about thenumber of times something happens
in a determined period
closed periods open periods
last weekmonthyeardecadecenturymillennium
this weekmonthyeardecadecenturymillennium
closed periods open periods
yesterdayJanuary2008the ’60sthe 19th centurythe Enlightenment
todayJune20112010-2019the 21st century
be careful with ‘last’,‘the last’ and ‘the past’
closed periods open periods
last year, etcthe last days of January
the last/past yearthe last few/seven days
closed periods open periods
last year, etcthe last days of January
the last/past yearthe last few/seven days
NB. no article when ‘last’ means ‘previous’ / ‘scorso’
closed periods open periods
last year, etcthe last days of January
the last/past yearthe last few/seven days
‘last’ and ‘past’ mean the same thing here
closed periods open periods
last year, etcthe last days of January
the last/past yearthe last few/seven days
the number is obligatory here: you can’t say “in the last days” meaning “negli ultimi giorni”
today(Wednesday)
last week
this week
lastWednesday
the pastweek
today(Wednesday)
last week
this week
lastWednesday
the past7 days
today(Wednesday)
last week
this week
the pastfew days
1st RULE
Use the Present Perfect to number actions in an open period.
Use the Past Simple to number actions in a closed period.
!
this idea is the key tothe Present Perfect
Present Perfectfor Experience
the open period is your life!
“Have you ever been to Paris?”
Present Perfectfor Period to the Present
the main verb is a big fat verb that is contemporary with the open period!
“I’ve lived in Rome for 18 years”
Present Perfectfor Period to the Present
the main verb is a big fat verb that is contemporary with the open period!
“I’ve lived in Rome for 18 years”
English function ItalianPresent Simple permanent truth Presente
Present Simple present fact Presente
Present Simple present habit Presente
Present Perfect period to the present Presente
Present Perfect recent past Passato Prossimo
Present Perfect experience Passato Prossimo
Past Simple definite time Passato Prossimo / Remoto
Past Simple narrative time Passato Prossimo / Remoto
Past Simple historical time Passato Remoto
English function ItalianPresent Simple permanent truth Presente
Present Simple present fact Presente
Present Simple present habit Presente
Present Perfect period to the present Presente
Present Perfect recent past Passato Prossimo
Present Perfect experience Passato Prossimo
Past Simple definite time Passato Prossimo / Remoto
Past Simple narrative time Passato Prossimo / Remoto
Past Simple historical time Passato Remoto
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