To build the affirmative form of Present Perfect should be used as auxiliary verb to have in the Simple Present and

accompanied by the main verb in its past participle (either regular or irregular verbs verbs)

I have bought a new dress:Yo he comprado un nuevo vestido.

You have studied the lesson: tú has estudiado la lección. He has broken the window:Él ha roto la ventana. She has lost the keys: Ella ha perdido las llaves.

The Present Perfect in English is a tense that is used to refer to actions that

happen in the recent past and that have some connection with this

Remember that the 3rd person singular should get the "S" on the side and it is

the Simple Present.

Instead, to form a question we put the auxiliary at the beginning of the

sentence, then the subject and then the main verb in past participle also:

Have I bought a new dress? He comprado un nuevo vestido?

Have you studied the lesson? Has estudiado la lección?

Has he broken the window? Ha roto él la ventana?

Has she lost the keys? Ha perdido ella las llaves?

Meanwhile, the negative is formed by placing the negation NOT between the

auxiliary and the main verb, for example:

I have not bought a new dress.Yo no he comprado un nuevo vestido.

You have not studied the lesson.Tú no has estudiado la lección.

He has not broken the window.Él no ha roto la ventana.S

he has not lost the keys.Ella no ha perdido la llave.

The Past Perfect in English is a tense that is used to refer to an

action that took place at a time before another action, although

both have happened in the past by establishing an order

between them, for example:

The film had finished When She arrived at the cinema.

The movie was over when she came to the cinema.

(First action: the movie was over

Second action: she came to the cinema)

When Sarah had prepared dinner her husband got home.

Sarah had prepared dinner when her husband came home.

(First action: Sarah had prepared dinner

Second action: her husband arrived home)

To build the affirmative form of the Past Perfect we use as an auxiliary verb to

have in the Past Simple and accompanied by the main verb in its past

participle (either regular or irregular verbs verbs):

I had bought a new car: Yo había comprado un nuevo auto.

You had cleaned the house: Tú habías limpiado la casa.

He had brought the gifts: Él había traído los regalos.S

he had lost the credit card: Ella había perdido la tarjeta de crédito.

To form a question we put the auxiliary at the beginning of the sentence, then

the subject and then the main verb in past participle also:

Had I bought a new car?: Había comprado yo un nuevo auto?

Had you cleaned the house?: Habías limpiado tú la casa?

Had he brought the gifts?: Había traído él los regalos?

Had she lost the credit card?: Había perdido ella la tarjeta de crédito?

Meanwhile, the negative is constructed by placing the negation NOT between

the auxiliary and the main verb, for example:

I had not bought a new dress:Yo no había comprado un nuevo

vestido.

You had not cleaned the house:Tú no habías limpiado la casa.

He had not brought the gifts:Él no había traído los regalos.

She had not lost the credit card: Ella no había perdido la tarjeta

de crédito.

You can also use the contracted form of denial rather than placing

Had not HAD NOT.