1. 1. Prejudice is prejudgment, or forming an opinion before becoming aware of the relevant facts of a case. The word is often used to refer to preconceived, usually unfavorable, judgments toward people or a person because of gender, political opinion, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race / ethnicity, language, nationality, or other personal characteristics. In this case, it refers to a positive or negative evaluation of another person based on their perceived group membership. Prejudice can also refer to unfounded beliefs and may include "any unreasonable attitude that is unusually resistant to rational influence" . Gordon Allport defined prejudice as a "feeling, favorable or unfavorable, toward a person or thing, prior to, or not based on, actual experience".
2. 2. Historical approaches The first psychological research conducted on prejudice occurred in the 1920s. This research attempted to prove white supremacy. One article from 1925 reviewing 73 studies on race concluded that the studies seemed "to indicate the mental superiority of the white race". These studies, along with other research, led many psychologists to view prejudice as a natural response to inferior races . In the 1930s and 1940s, this perspective began to change due to the increasing concern about anti-Semitism. At the time, theorists viewed prejudice as pathological and thus looked for personality syndromes linked with racism. Theodor Adorno believed that prejudice stemmed from an authoritarian personality; he believed that people with authoritarian personalities were the most likely to be prejudiced against groups of lower status. He described authoritarians as "rigid thinkers who obeyed authority, saw the world as black and white, and enforced strict adherence to social rules and hierarchies.
3. 3. Controversies and prominent topics One can be prejudiced against or have a preconceived notion about someone due to any characteristic they find to be unusual or undesirable. A few commonplace examples of prejudice are those based on someone's race, gender, nationality, social status, sexual orientation, or religious affiliation, and controversies may arise from any given topic. Nationalism Classism Racism Multiculturalism
4. 4. Nationalism Nationalism is a belief or political ideology that involves an individual identifying with, or becoming attached to, one's nation.
5. 5. Classism Prejudice against people belonging to a particular social class.
6. 6. Racism consists of ideologies and practices that seek to justify, or cause, the unequal distribution of privileges, rights or goods among different racial groups. Modern variants are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems that consider different races to be ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualities. It may also hold that members of different races should be treated differently.
7. 7. Discrimination by: Multiculturalism Gender Discrimination Linguistic Discrimination[Language] Social class Skin Color Religion Age National origin Species
8. 8. Multiculturalism is a body of thought in political philosophy about the proper way to respond to cultural and religious diversity. This can happen when a jurisdiction is created or expanded by amalgamating areas with two or more different cultures (e.g. French Canada and English Canada) or through immigration from different jurisdictions around the world (e.g. Australia, Brazil, Mexico, the United States, and many other countries).
9. 9. Discrimination based on gender or sex is a common civil rights violation. Discrimination on the basis of gender takes many forms; including sexual harassment, pregnancy discrimination, and unequal pay for women who do the same jobs as men.
10. 10. Linguistic discrimination (also called linguicism and languagism) is the unfair treatment of an individual based solely on their use of language. Based on a difference in use of language, a person may automatically form judgments about another person's wealth, education, social status, character or other traits. These perceived judgments may then lead to the unjustifiable treatment of the individual.
11. 11. Social Class. Segments of the population sharing broadly similar types and levels of resources, with broadly similar styles of living and (for some sociologists) some shared perception of their collective condition. Structured inequalities between different groups of people Historically: Slavery, Caste, Estates and Class. Prejudice that members of one race are superior to members of other races, OR discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of another race. Everybody can be successful
12. 12. SKIN COLOUR Discrimination treatment based on skin color also may be attributed to ethnic heritage and race. Although the most typical scenario of color discrimination involves lighter skinned African Americans discriminating against darker skinned African Americans, color bias cases also have been brought within other groups, including Native Americans, Arabs and Hispanic. God chose the variety among their children
13. 13. Religion Discrimination on religion is the treatment of a person or group by the different religious customs and beliefs of each person. A Vietnamese Buddhist monk burned himself to death in an act of protest against the Diem government in June 1963. Constituting a majority of the country's population, Buddhists in Vietnam accused the Diem government of religious discrimination. We are equal and we can choose our religions
14. 14. Age is discrimination to people who are old or young age are sometimes discriminated against by his intellect or wisdom that each person has Everybody are equals and have all opportunities
15. 15. National Origin National origin discrimination means treating someone less favorably because he or she comes from a particular place, because of his or her ethnicity or accent, or because it is believed that he or she has a particular ethnic background. National origin discrimination also means treating someone less favorably at work because of marriage or other association with someone of a particular nationality. Nationality: refers to our citizenship -- in other words, the nation we are a member. Language: is a major vehicle for the expression of prejudice or discrimination. Cultural: is defined by shared cultural practices, including but not limited to holidays, food, language, and customs. We are different by equal.
16. 16. Discrimination by Species The fact that non-human animals dont belong to our specie, implies they dont deserve equal consideration: According to this we could discriminate animals (for example) simply because they dont belong to a certain group (skin color, gender) but doing this is wrong (just as discriminating due to specie is) because the group we belong to doesnt determine our interest. Discrimination against race, religion, species, ethnicity or nationality, makes human, animals have equal rights, because the planet earth is our. The animal have equal right too.
17. 17. Kalp Ansh Raj Parth Dhaval Paritosh Parin Het