Pre-classic Maya 1000 BCE300 CE El Mirador: 400 BCE to 400 CE Peak population: 100,000 to 250,000...
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Transcript of Pre-classic Maya 1000 BCE300 CE El Mirador: 400 BCE to 400 CE Peak population: 100,000 to 250,000...
Pre-classic Maya
1000 BCE 300 CE
El Mirador:400 BCE to 400 CE
Peak population: 100,000 to 250,000
Massive stone buildings: La Danta 230 Ft. tall
Large Urban Center supported by suburban areas outside of the city
Classic Maya
300 CE 900 CE
Tikal200 to 900 CE
300 people per square mile
Stories of alliances and wars with surrounding city-states
Ruled by Teotihuacan leaders around 400 CE
Tikal Temple: 154 Ft High
Maya Commonalities
Separate city states shared a common culture, political system, writing system, and similar languages.
Political:• Monarchy lived in the city center• Used elites as administrators: collecting
agriculture from outer areas, collecting taxes, facilitating trade and tribute
• Class of Scribe-priests who were in charge of calendar calculations and history
• Self mutilation rituals• Human sacrifice rituals
Maya Commonalities
Separate city states shared a common culture, political system, writing system, and similar languages.
Cultural
• Popul Vuh: Origin story of earth
• Many deities controlled everything on earth
• Dualistic views: Male/Female, good/evil, day/night
• Worship through sport: The Ball Game
Calendar
• The Maya developed a sophisticated calendar.
• The ritual calendar that developed in Mesoamerica used a count of 260 days.
• There were 20 day names, each represented by a unique symbol.
• The 260-day or sacred count calendar was in use throughout Mesoamerica for centuries, probably before the beginning of writing.
Mayan Numbers:
Maya Writing
• Over 800 different images were used to record their history
• Some are logographs• Some are syllabic• Multiple spellings were acceptable
king sky house child
Teotihuancan‘ 200 BCE 600 CE
Peak population: 200,000
Pyramid of the Sun: 216 Ft. tall
One of the largest cities in the world at this time
Diverse city with foreign centers
System of Alliances and war
Norte Chico
Developed 3000 BCE
Some signs of specialization
Established trade networks to survive along coast
Influenced: Chavin, Moche, Wari, and Incan
Chavin de Huantar‘ 1200 BCE 400 BCE
Cultivated Maize and potatoes(High and Low altitude crops)
Domesticated Llamas in high altitude areas to carry heavy loads
Religious/Cultural Spread: Art, temples, ceremonial centers, language
Moche 200 CE 700 BCE
Moche
Bantu Migrations6000 BCE 100 CE
• Climate changes in the Sahara started the migration
• The development of agriculture and iron gave the Bantu the advantage over hunter-gatherers living in the region
Exceptions: Batwa
• Agriculture and Population growth
Bantu Migrations Alternatives to Empire:
• Rarely built large citiesException: Zimbabwe
• Mostly practiced ancestor worship
• Established trade and marriage within Bantu culture
• Left no written records
Bantu MigrationsSo how do we know?Diffusion• Archaeology: artifacts show
a shared culture
• Language study: Glottochronology
Overall Effects of Bantu Migrations
“Bantu migrations had an enormous impact on Africa’s economic, cultural, and political practices.”
• Influenced skills: growing crops (adapting and spreading crops), metallurgy for tools and weapons
• Influenced culture: ancestor worship, ideas of states, and language
• Influenced environment: land cultivation, domestication