Practice Makes Perfect English Vocabulary for Beginning ... · Unit 8 Making Descriptions...

Copyright©2012byMcGraw-HillEducation.Allrightsreserved.ExceptaspermittedundertheUnitedStatesCopyrightActof1976,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedordistributedinanyformorbyanymeans,orstoredinadatabaseorretrievalsystem,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.

ISBN:978-0-07-176304-2MHID:0-07-176304-X

ThematerialinthiseBookalsoappearsintheprintversionofthistitle:ISBN:978-0-07-176303-5,MHID:0-07-176303-1.

eBookconversionbycodeMantraVersion2.0

Alltrademarksaretrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Ratherthanputatrademarksymbolaftereveryoccurrenceofatrademarkedname,weusenamesinaneditorialfashiononly,andtothebenefitofthetrademarkowner,withnointentionofinfringementofthetrademark.Wheresuchdesignationsappearinthisbook,theyhavebeenprintedwithinitialcaps.

McGraw-HillEducationeBooksareavailableatspecialquantitydiscountstouseaspremiumsandsalespromotions,orforuseincorporatetrainingprograms.TocontactarepresentativepleasevisittheContactUspagesatwww.mhprofessional.com.

Trademarks:McGraw-Hill,theMcGraw-HillEducationlogo,PracticeMakesPerfect,andrelatedtradedressaretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofMcGraw-HillEducationand/oritsaffiliatesintheUnitedStatesandothercountriesandmaynotbeusedwithoutwrittenpermission.Allothertrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.McGraw-HillEducationisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook.

TERMSOFUSE

ThisisacopyrightedworkandMcGraw-HillEducationanditslicensorsreserveallrightsinandtothework.Useofthisworkissubjecttotheseterms.ExceptaspermittedundertheCopyrightActof1976andtherighttostoreandretrieveonecopyofthework,youmaynotdecompile,disassemble,reverseengineer,reproduce,modify,createderivativeworksbasedupon,transmit,distribute,disseminate,sell,publishorsublicensetheworkoranypartofitwithoutMcGraw-HillEducation’spriorconsent.Youmayusetheworkforyourownnoncommercialandpersonaluse;anyotheruseoftheworkisstrictlyprohibited.Yourrighttousetheworkmaybeterminatedifyoufailtocomplywiththeseterms.

THEWORKISPROVIDED“ASIS.”McGRAW-HILLEDUCATIONANDITSLICENSORSMAKENOGUARANTEESORWARRANTIESASTOTHEACCURACY,ADEQUACYORCOMPLETENESSOFORRESULTSTOBEOBTAINEDFROMUSINGTHEWORK,INCLUDINGANYINFORMATIONTHATCANBEACCESSEDTHROUGHTHEWORKVIAHYPERLINKOROTHERWISE,ANDEXPRESSLYDISCLAIMANYWARRANTY,EXPRESSORIMPLIED,INCLUDINGBUTNOTLIMITEDTOIMPLIEDWARRANTIESOFMERCHANTABILITYORFITNESSFORAPARTICULARPURPOSE.McGraw-HillEducationanditslicensorsdonotwarrantorguaranteethatthefunctionscontainedintheworkwillmeetyourrequirementsorthatitsoperationwillbe

uninterruptedorerrorfree.NeitherMcGraw-HillEducationnoritslicensorsshallbeliabletoyouoranyoneelseforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,regardlessofcause,intheworkorforanydamagesresultingtherefrom.McGraw-HillEducationhasnoresponsibilityforthecontentofanyinformationaccessedthroughthework.UndernocircumstancesshallMcGraw-HillEducationand/oritslicensorsbeliableforanyindirect,incidental,special,punitive,consequentialorsimilardamagesthatresultfromtheuseoforinabilitytousethework,evenifanyofthemhasbeenadvisedofthepossibilityofsuchdamages.Thislimitationofliabilityshallapplytoanyclaimorcausewhatsoeverwhethersuchclaimorcausearisesincontract,tortorotherwise.

Contents

Introduction

HowtoUseThisBook

PARTINouns

Unit1PeopleandPlacesWordsforPeopleWordsforPlaces

Unit2Singular,Plural,andNoncountNounsUsingSingularNounsUsingPluralNounsUsingNoncountNounsUsingArticleswithSingular,Plural,andNoncountNounsUsingDemonstrativePronounswithSingular,Plural,andNoncountNouns

Unit3ProperNouns

Unit4PossessiveNounsandPronounsPossessiveNounsPossessivePronouns

Unit5ReviewofSingular,Plural,andNoncountNouns

Unit6VerbsUsedasNouns

Unit7MoreSpecificNounsWordsforPeopleWordsfortheArtsWordsforPlacesWordsforThingsWordsforEvents

PARTIIAdjectives

Unit8MakingDescriptionsAdjectivesThatDescribePeopleAdjectivesThatDescribeaPerson’sConditionAdjectivesThatDescribeObjectsAdjectivesThatDescribePlacesAdjectivesThatDescribetheWeather

Unit9ComparisonsandSuperlativesMakinganAdjectiveStrongerorWeakerMakingComparisonswithAdjectivesExpressingSuperlatives

Unit10VerbsandNounsUsedasAdjectivesVerbsUsedasAdjectivesNounsUsedasAdjectives

Unit11AdjectiveOrder

PARTIIIVerbs

Unit12TheVerbBeThePresentTenseofBeAskingQuestionswithBeMakingBeNegativeThePastTenseofBe

Unit13Non–ToBeVerbsRegularPresentTenseFormsofVerbsOtherthanBeRegularPastTenseFormsVerbsThatDescribeUsualActivitiesIrregularPastTenseFormsVerbsUsedforHouseholdActivitiesVerbsUsedinaClassroomMakingVerbsNegativeActivitiesThatAreOftenPerformedinanOfficeAskingQuestionsVerbsUsedforShoppingVerbsUsedinaBankUsingthePresentProgressiveTenseVerbsUsedforOutdoorActivities

VerbsUsedforActivitiesinPublicPlacesUsingthePresentPerfectTenseVerbsUsedforLeisureActivitiesVerbsUsedforCookingGivingDirections

PARTIVAdverbs

Unit14AdverbsofPlace,Time,andFrequencyAdverbsofPlaceAdverbsofTimeAdverbsofFrequency

Unit15AdverbsofMannerFormingAdverbsfromAdjectivesComparingAdverbs

Unit16AdverbsThatModifyAdverbsThatModifyVerbsAdverbsThatModifyAdjectivesandOtherAdverbs

PARTVEnglishintheTwenty-FirstCentury:Technology

Unit17GeneralVocabularyforTechnologyNounsAdjectivesVerbs

Unit18ContactingOtherPeople:TheTechnologyofCommunicationsTheTelephoneTheFaxMachineTheInternetforCommunicating

Unit19GettingInformation:TheMediaNewspapersandMagazinesTelevisionforGettingInformationTheInternetforGettingInformation

Unit20EntertainmentTelevision/TVforEntertainmentAudioDevices

ReadingDevices/ElectronicBooks/E-ReadersCameras

Unit21TechnologyinOtherPlacesForTravelingForBankingForShoppingEverywhereElse

AnswerKey

Introduction

Itisnoteasytoknowhowtostartlearningnewwordsinalanguagethatisnotyournativeone.Mostsecond-languagelearnersdependonafavoritedictionarytogetaquicktranslationofanunknownword;however,dictionariesarefullofwordsthatyoumayneverneedtouse,oreventounderstand.Howdoyouknowwhichwordstolearnfirst?

OneofthepurposesofthisbookistoacquaintyouwiththeEnglishwordsthataremostfrequentlyusedintheUnitedStatestoday—thewordsthatpeopleuseeverydaywiththeirfamily,friends,coworkers,andotherpeopleinthecommunityingeneral.Presentedhereisabasicvocabularyofmorethanfifteenhundredwordsthathavebeencarefullychosenbecauseoftheirfrequentappearanceandusefulnessindailylife.Onceyouhavelearnedthesewordsandmasteredthestructuresinwhichtheyareused,youwillbewellequippedtoaddnewwordstothislist,andyou’llgraduallycontinuetoincreaseyourworkingvocabulary.

Thewordsofalanguagecanbedividedintotwogroups:contentwordsandfunctionwords.ContentwordsinEnglishareeithernouns—wordsthatnamepeople,places,things,orabstracts;adjectives—wordsthatdescribenouns;verbs—wordsthatdescribetheactionsofnouns;oradverbs—wordsthatdescribehowanactionisperformed.Functionwordsarethosethatformastructurethatenablesustoputthecontentwordstogethertomakesense.Englishfunctionwordsinclude,forexample,wordssuchasa,the,of,for,andand—wordsthatwouldbedifficulttodrawapictureofortodefineinawordortwo.Bothtypesofwordsareextremelyimportantforcommunicationinanylanguage.

Thesecondpurposeofthisbookistoprovidepracticeinusingcontentwordswithintheframeworkofthefunctionwordsthatgowiththem.Bypracticingthesetwotypesofwordstogetheryouwillbenotonlylearningnewvocabularybutalsousingitcorrectly,enablingyoutoformmeaningfulsentenceswithavarietyofindividualwords.

Therearefoursectionsinthebook:PartI:Nouns,PartII:Adjectives,PartIII:Verbs,andPartIV:Adverbs.Eachofthesepartscontainsanumberofunits,andeachunitconsistsofspecialvocabularyforacertaintopicandextensiveexercisestopracticeit.

HowtoUseThisBook

Thebestwaytolearnnewvocabularyistouseit,bothinspeechandinwriting.Theexercisesinthisbookaredesignedtogiveyouthatpracticebyencouragingyoutowritedownexactlywhatyouwouldsayinthecontextprovided.Therepetitionofwordsandstructuresinvarioustypesofexerciseswillhelpyourememberthewordsandmakethemyourstouseinrealsituations.

Followingaresuggestionstohelpyougetthemostoutofthisbook:1.Getagooddictionary,eitherbilingualorEnglishonly,touseassuggestedbelow.2.Copyonaseparatesheetofpaperthelistsofwordspresentedineachunit.3.Youwillalreadyknowsomeofthewords.Writeacheckbyeachoneifyouarecertainofitsmeaning.

4.Lookupinyourdictionarythewordsthatyoudonotknoworarenotsureof,andwriteawordinyourlanguageoradefinitioninEnglishnexttoitonyourpaper.

5.Dothewrittenexercisesfortheentireunit.6.Intheexercisesthataskyoutowritepersonalsentences,trytousewordsthatarenewtoyou.Ofcourse,ifthenewwordsdonotfit,usewordsthatyoualreadyknow.

7.CompareyouranswerswiththoseintheAnswerKeyatthebackofthebook.Fortheexercisesthatrequirepersonalanswers,youmaywishtoaskanativespeakerfriendtoreadyouranswerstoseeiftheyarecorrect.

8.Gobacktoyouroriginallist,coverupthetranslationsordefinitionsthatyoufirstwrote,andseeifyounowknowallthenewwords.

9.Trywritingmoresentences,usingthesamepatternsusedintheexercises,tofurtherpracticethewordsthatyouhaven’tcompletelymasteredsofar.

10.Keeppracticing!

PARTINOUNS

Nounsarethewordsweusetonameallthethingsweknowabout,have,see,hear,taste,smell,orfeel.Thisincludeswordsforpeople,suchasman,teacher,andfriend.Itincludeswordsforplaces,suchascity,kitchen,andstreet.Itincludeswordsforthings,suchasball,tree,andcomputer.Anditincludeswordsforthingsweknowexistbutcan’ttouch,suchasidea,air,pollution,andstrength.

Manynounscanbecounted—onefriend,twofriends,forexample.Thesenounshavepluralforms,whichinEnglishusuallymeanstheyhavean-saddedtotheend,accordingtocertainsetspellingandpronunciationpatterns.Afewnounshave“irregular”plurals—insteadofendingin-s,theyhaveformsthathavesurvivedfromearlierformsofEnglishorwereadaptedfromotherlanguages.Examplesoftheseincludewomen,men,children,media,andphenomena.

Othernounscannotbecounted—air,wind,andpollution,forexample.Theyhavenopluralforms,areusedwithsingularverbs,andarecalled“noncount”nouns.Butnoncountnounscanalsobethingsthatwecancount!First,therearethosethatitwouldtakealifetimetocount,sowecallthembyamoregeneralnoncountnoun,suchashair,sugar,orflour.Andthentherearethosethatwecategorizeingeneralgroupsthatarenamedbynoncountnouns,suchasfurniture,mail,silverware,andchina.Ofcoursewecancountchairs,tables,orbeds,butthegeneralcategoryfurnitureisnevermadeplural.Thenoncountnounmailincludesthelettersandcardsthatwecancount.Englishhasalotofthesewords.

Onethingthatsingular,plural,andnoncountnounshaveincommonisthattheycanall,incertainsituations,beprecededbythearticlethe.Thebeforeanounindicatesthatboththespeakerandthehearerknowexactlywhichoneofthenounsisbeingreferredto.“Thegroceriesareinthecar,”forexample,informsthehearerthat“thegroceriesthatwejustbought”arein“thecarthatwehave.”

Whenyouknowthepatternsforusingnouns,youcanaddnewonestoyourvocabularyeverydayandknowyouareusingthemcorrectly.Havefunwithnouns!

Unit1PeopleandPlaces

WordsforPeople

MembersoftheFamily

Reviewthewordsinthefollowinglist:

Toidentifyamemberofthefamilyofsomeone’shusbandorwife,addin-lawaftertherelationshipword.Forexample,aman’smother-in-lawishiswife’smother.

exercise1-1Fillineachblankwithawordfromoneoftheprecedinglists.

1.Myfather’smotherismy_______________________.

2.Herhusbandismy_______________________.

3.Mymother’ssisterismy_______________________.

4.Herhusbandismy_______________________.

5.Theirdaughterismy_______________________.

6.Mydaughter’shusbandismy_______________________.

7.Iama_______________________,_______________________,

_______________________,_______________________,

_______________________,and_______________________.

8.Ihavea_______________________,_______________________,

_______________________,_______________________,

_______________________,and_______________________.

CategoriesforPeopleReviewthewordsinthefollowinglist:

exercise1-2Matcheachwordfromthelistontheleftwithitsdescriptionontheright.

NamesofWorkers


exercise1-3Circlethewordthatbestcompleteseachsentence.

1.WhenIamsickIseea_______________________.lawyercarpenterdoctorpoliceofficer

2.Thepersonwhogivestrafficticketsisa_______________________.singerlawyerfirefighterpoliceofficer

3.Thepersonwholivesnearmyhouseismy_______________________.firefighterneighbormilitaryofficerjournalist

4.Medicinesarepreparedatthedrugstorebya_______________________.mechanicnursepharmacistsalesassistant

5.IfIhaveatoothache,Iseea_______________________.janitordoctordentisttechnician

PartsoftheBody


exercise1-4Fillintheblanks.

1.The___________,___________,___________,___________,___________,___________,___________,___________,and___________areonthehead.

2.Theelbowisinthemiddleofthe___________.

3.The___________isinthemiddleoftheleg.

4.The___________isbetweenthehandandthearm.

5.The___________isbetweenthefootandtheleg.

6.Thefoothasfive___________;thehandhasfour___________andone___________.

7.Theshouldersarebetweenthe___________andthe___________.

8.The___________isabovethestomachandbelowthechest.

WordsforPlaces

OutsidePlaces


exercise1-5Circlethewordthatdoesnotbelongineachgroup.

exercise1-6Whatplacesdoyougotoeveryday?

exercise1-7Whatplacesdoyougotoonceortwiceaweek?

exercise1-8Whatplacesdoyougotooccasionally(sometimes)?

exercise1-9Wheredoyounevergo?

InsidePlaces


exercise1-10Writethenameoftheplaceorplaceswhereeachofthefollowingthingsisusuallyfound.

Unit2Singular,Plural,andNoncountNouns

UsingSingularNounsEnglishnounscanbedividedintotwocategories:countnounsandnoncountnouns.

Acountnounissingularwhenthereisoneoftheperson,place,orthingitnames.

Whenanounissingular,useaoranbeforeit.Useaifitbeginswithaconsonantsound;useanifitbeginswithavowelsound.

exercise2-1Writeaoranbeforeeachofthefollowingsingularnouns.

1.________brother

2.________aunt

3.________artist

4.________employer

5.________janitor

6.________professor

7.________patient

8.________engineer

9.________reporter

10.________stewardess

11.________sister

12.________uncle

13.________dentist

14.________driver

15.________actor

16.________adviser

17.________accountant

18.________technician

19.________architect

20.________actress

21.________cheek

22.________chest

23.________leg

24.________ear

25.________mouth

26.________area

27.________apartment

28.________river

29.________busstop

30.________basement

31.________elbow

32.________arm

33.________ankle

34.________nose

35.________eye

36.________library

37.________house

38.________ocean

39.________airport

40.________attic

Useaoranbeforeasingularnountoanswerthequestion“What...?”

Usethenumberonebeforeasingularnountoanswerthequestion“Howmany...?”

Use“Thereis...”beforeasingularnountoindicatethatitexists.

Thereisanaccountantinmyfamily.Thereisalibraryonthecorner.Thereisonlyonebusstoponthisstreet.

exercise2-2Lookatpage13ofthisbookandanswerthefollowingquestions.Becarefulinyourchoiceofa,an,oronebeforeeachsingularnoun.

1.Whatdoyouhaveinyourhands?

__________________________________________________________________

2.Whatisthereattheveryendofthisbook?

__________________________________________________________________

3.InthewordContents,whatistherebetweenthefirstnandthee?

__________________________________________________________________

4.Howmanye’sarethereinthewordContents?

__________________________________________________________________

WordsforGroupsofPeople

Somesingularnounsnamegroupsofpeoplewhohavethesameinterest.Thesearecalledcollectivenouns.Useacollectivenounwithasingularverbform.Observethefollowingexamples:

exercise2-3Fillineachblankwithawordfromthepreviouslist.Besuretoincludeaoranineachblankbeforethenoun.

1.Agroupofpeoplewhotakeacoursetogetheris________________________.

2.Agroupofpeoplewhoplaymusicalinstrumentstogethercanbe________________________or________________________.

3.Agroupofpeoplewhoformabusinessis________________________.

4.Peoplewhoarerelatedbybloodare________________________.

5.Agroupofpeoplewhoplaytogethertowinagameorsportis________________________.

6.Agroupofpeoplewhocontrolpublicpolicyinacountryis________________________.

7.Agroupofpeoplewhomakeplansforalargergroupiscalled________________________.

8.Agroupofpeoplewhosingtogetheris________________________or________________________.

UsingPluralNounsAcountnounispluralwhenthereismorethanoneoftheperson,place,orthingitnames.Tomakeasingularnounplural:

•Add-s:

•Add-estoafewwordsthatendin-o:

•Add-estonounsthatendin-ch,-sh,-ss,and-x:

•Add-iestonounsthatendinaconsonantfollowedby-y,afterdroppingthe-y:

•Add-vestonounsthatendin-for-fe,afterdroppingthe-for-fe:

•Useanirregularformforcertainnouns:

•Usethesingularformforthepluralforcertainnouns:

exercise2-4Writethepluralformofeachofthefollowingnouns.

exercise2-5Writethepluralformofeachofthefollowingcollectivenouns.

Usearethereandapluralnouninaquestiontoaskifanyexistandhowmany:Arethereanycarsinyourdriveway?Howmanycarsarethere?Howmanyhousesarethereonthisstreet?Howmanypagesarethereinthisbook?

Usetherearefollowedbyanynumberfromtwoonupbeforeapluralnountotellhowmanyofthemexist:

Therearetwocarsinthedriveway.Therearetenhousesonthisstreet.Thereare208pagesinthisbook.

Usetherearebeforethewordnowhenitindicateszero.Noisfollowedbyapluralnoun:Therearenocarsinthedriveway.Therearenohousesonthisstreet.

Notanycanbeusedinsteadofnotoindicatezero:

WordsforClothesandAccessories

Reviewthefollowingexamples:

exercise2-6Selecttwelveitemsfromtheprecedinglist,andwritehowmanyofeachitemthereareinyourclosetsanddrawers.UseTherearetobegineachsentence.

1.______________________________________________________________

2.______________________________________________________________

3.______________________________________________________________

4.______________________________________________________________

5.______________________________________________________________

6.______________________________________________________________

7.______________________________________________________________

8.______________________________________________________________

9.______________________________________________________________

10.______________________________________________________________

11.______________________________________________________________

12.______________________________________________________________

Pairs

Someclothingitemsareusuallyintwoparts,whicharesometimesseparate,suchastwogloves,andsometimesconnected,suchaspants.Thenounsareplural.Onesetoftwopartsisapair.Apairofshoes,forexample,istwoshoes,onefortheleftfootandonefortheright.Apairofpantsisoneitem,withtwo

legs.Reviewthefollowingexamplesofpairs:

exercise2-7Howmanypairsdoyouhaveinyourclosetsanddrawers?

Ihaveonepairof_______________________,onepairof_______________________,andonepairof_______________________.

Ihave_______________________pairsof_______________________,_______________________pairsof_______________________,and_______________________pairsof_______________________.

Quantities

Totellanapproximatenumberofpluralitemsthereare,use:

Ihavesometicketsfortheballgame.Thereareafewseatsinthefrontrow.Alotofpeoplearegoingtothegame.Therearenotmanyseats.Therearetoomanypeoplehere.

exercise2-8Lookatallofthelistsofnounsforpeople,places,andthingstoanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.Whatdoyouhavesomeof?BegineachanswerwithIhave...

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2.Whataretherealotofoutside?BegineachanswerwithThereare...

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

3.Whataretherenotmanyofintheplacewhereyoulive?BegineachanswerwithThereare...

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

4.Whatdoyouseeafewofrightnow?BegineachanswerwithIsee...

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

5.Whatdoyouhavetoomanyof?BegineachanswerwithIhave...

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

WordsforFood

Reviewthefollowingwordsthatnamethingstoeatordrink.Thesenounscanbeeithersingularorplural.

exercise2-9Writeoneofthefollowingwordsorgroupsofwordsineachblank,dependingonwhetherthenounsaresingularorplural.

aanonesomealotofafewnoanytwo

1.Heeats_____________eggand_____________doughnutforbreakfast.

2.Iliketohave_____________appleor_____________orangeintheafternoon.

3.Wouldyoulike_____________peasand_____________carrots?

4.Shewants_____________sandwichand_____________potatochips.

5.Iwant_____________banana.

6.Wewouldlike_____________hotdogs,please.

7.Therearen’t_____________hamburgers.

8.Sheisgoingtothestoretobuy_____________tomatoes.

9.She’sgoingtobuy_____________steaksfordinner.

10.Ididn’torder_____________salad;Iordered_____________vegetablesinstead.

UsingNoncountNounsManywordsforfoodarenoncountnouns.Someexamplesarethewordsinthefollowinglist:

Manypersonalcareitemsarealsonamedbynoncountnouns.Reviewthewordsinthefollowinglist:

Useisthereanybeforeanoncountnountoaskifitexists:

Isthereanyriceinthecupboard?Isthereanyfruitintherefrigerator?Isthereanysoapinthebathroom?

Usehowmuchfollowedbyanoncountnounplusistheretoasktheamountofitthatexists:

Howmuchicecreamisthere?Howmuchcerealisthere?Howmuchwateristhere?Howmuchshampooisthere?

Totelltheapproximateamountofanoncountnoun,use:

Thereissomeicecreaminthefreezer.Thereisalotoffruitinthebowl.Thereisalittlecerealinthebox.

Thereisnotmuchshampoo.Thereisnowater./Thereisn’tanywater.

exercise2-10Usewordsfromthenoncountnounfoodlisttoanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.Whatistherealotofinyourrefrigerator?

___________________________________________________________________

2.Isthereanycandyinthecupboard?

___________________________________________________________________

3.Howmuchbreadisthereinthekitchen?

___________________________________________________________________

4.Isthereanypopcorninthecupboard?

___________________________________________________________________

5.Istheretoomuchofanything?

___________________________________________________________________

exercise2-11Usewordsfromthenoncountnounpersonalcareitemslisttoanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.Isthereanyshampooinyourbathroom?

___________________________________________________________________

2.Howmuchtoothpasteisthere?

___________________________________________________________________

3.Whatelseisthere?

___________________________________________________________________

Totelltheexactamountofanoncountnoun,usethesingularorpluralofthecontaineroftheitem,theweightoftheitem,orthenumberofpiecesorservingsofitthereare:

exercise2-12LookatyouranswerstoExercise2-10.Changetheapproximateamountsofeachitemtoexactamountsandwritethecompletesentenceshere.

1.___________________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________________

3.___________________________________________________________________

4.___________________________________________________________________

5.___________________________________________________________________

exercise2-13LookatyouranswerstoExercise2-11.Changetheapproximateamountsofeachitemtoexactamountsandwritethecompletesentenceshere.

1.___________________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________________

3.___________________________________________________________________

exercise2-14Circleallofthewordsorsetsofwordsthatcouldbeusedineachblank.

1.Thereis________________________breadonthetable.alittleaalotofsomethreeslicesofnoasliceof

2.Thereare________________________breadonthetable.alittleafewsomethreeslicesofanno

3.Weneed__________________________icecream.alittlesomethreebowlsofmanyagallonoftwoquartsof

4.Shedrank_________________________milk.aglassofthreeglassesofafewsomealittle

5.They’regoingtobuy____________________________rice.somealittleafewtwobagsofaanone

6.Iwouldliketohave_____________________________lettuceonmysandwich.apieceoftwopiecesofalittleatwosome

7.Heate_____________________________cake.someapieceofpieceoftwopiecesofthreealotof

8.Thereis____________________________pieintherefrigerator.someapieceofpieceoftwopiecesofnothree

9.Thereare____________________________cupsofcoffeehere.atwooneafewalittlesomenoany

10.Idrink____________________________juiceeverymorning.atwoaglassoftwoglassesofsomealotoftoomany

WordsforGroupsofIndividualItems

Othernoncountnounsincludewordsthatrepresentgroupsofindividualitems.Theindividualitemscanbecounted,butthewordthatrepresentstheentiregroupcannot.

exercise2-15Answereachquestion.

1.Howmuchfurnituredoyouhave?

_________________________________________________________________

2.Whatmaildoyouusuallyreceive?

_________________________________________________________________

3.Whatjewelrydoyouliketowear?

_________________________________________________________________

4.Howmuchmoneydoyouhaveinyourpocket?

_________________________________________________________________

5.Whatdoyouthrowinthetrasheveryday?

_________________________________________________________________

Therearemanythingsthatcannotbecounted.Likeallnoncountnouns,wordsforthesethingsdonothavepluralforms.Reviewthewordsinthefollowinglist:

Thereissomehouseworktodo.Thereisalotofnews.Thereisalittlesnowinthemountains.Thereisnotmuchheatinthehouse.Thereistoomuchrain.

Donotusea,an,one,many,oranynumberwithanoncountnoun.

exercise2-16Circleallofthewordsthatcanbeusedineachblankspace.

1.Wehave_______________________help.manyalittlefouran

2.Thereis_______________________heat.notoomanysomealittle

3.Theyneed_______________________advice.someannotmanyalotof

4.Shehas_____________________work.manysomealittleaan

5.Thereis_____________________povertyinthecity.atoomuchnotmanyalotof

exercise2-17Answerthefollowingquestions.Useno,notmuch,some,alittle,alotof,ortoomuchbeforeeachnoncountnoun.

1.Doyouhavenewsaboutyourfriendsinyourcountry?BeginyouranswerwithIhave...

_________________________________________________________________

2.Isthereworkavailableinthiscity?BeginyouranswerwithThereis...

_________________________________________________________________

3.Howmuchrainistherehereinthesummer?BeginyouranswerwithThereis...

_________________________________________________________________

4.Doyouneedadvice?BeginyouranswerwithIneed...

_________________________________________________________________

5.Istherepollutioninyourarea?BeginyouranswerwithThereis...

_________________________________________________________________

UsingArticleswithSingular,Plural,andNoncountNounsTheindefinitearticlesaandanareusedbeforesingularnounsthatrefertoanyoneofthatperson,place,

orthing:

Aclockisaninstrumentthatmarkstime.Awatchisaclockthatyouwearonyourwrist.

Theprevioussentencesdonotnameaspecificclockorwatch;theyrefertoclocksandwatchesingeneral.Thearticlesaandancanrefertoaspecificsingularnountotellorasksomeoneaboutitforthefirsttime:

Ihaveaclockthatis150yearsold.Herboyfriendgaveherawatchforherbirthday.

Therearenoindefinitearticlesforpluralandnoncountnouns.Torefertopeople,places,orthingsingeneral,noword(Ø)isplacedbeforethepluralornoncountnoun:

ØClocksareinstrumentsthatmarktime.ØMailincludesanythingthatcanbedeliveredbythepostoffice.

Noword(Ø)canrefertoapluralornoncountnountotellorasksomeoneaboutitforthefirsttime:

HerboyfriendbringsherØflowerseveryweek.YougotØmailthismorning.

exercise2-18Fillineachblankwithoneofthefollowing.

aanØ

1.Iamgoingtobuy____________orange.

2.Theysell____________orangesatthemarketonthecorner.

3.Doyouhave____________fruit?

4.Yes,wehave____________orangesand____________apples.

5.Wheredotheysell____________furnitureinthiscity?

6.I’mlookingfor____________table,____________chairs,and____________desk.

7.Weneed____________information.

8.Canyougiveme____________advice?

9.Doyouhave____________kitchenequipment?

10.Iwanttobuy____________potand____________fryingpan.

Thedefinitearticletheisusedbeforeasingularnoun,apluralnoun,oranoncountnountorefertoaspecificperson,place,orthing.

Theisusedwhenthespeakerandthelistenerbothknowwhichparticularitemisbeingreferredto:

Sheshowedmethewatchherboyfriendgaveherforherbirthday.Theflowershesentherwerebeautiful.ThefurnitureIboughtwascheap.

exercise2-19Fillineachblankwithoneofthefollowing:

aanØthe

1.Ibought_____________radioyesterday.

2.Whereis_____________radio(youbought)?

3.Wehave_____________kitchenequipmentonsale.

4.Whereis_____________kitchenequipment(thatyouhaveonsale)?

5.Ilove_____________flowers.

6.Arethese_____________flowersyourfriendsentyou?

7.Whereis_____________medicinethedoctorgaveyou?

8.Arethese_____________pillsyouaretaking?

9.Heislookingfor_____________information.

10.Hedidn’tlike_____________informationhegotfromthecompany.

exercise2-20Writetwosentencesthattellaboutonethingyouhave.Useaoraninthefirstsentencetointroduceit.Usetheinthesecondsentencetotellmoreaboutit.

1.__________________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

exercise2-21Writetwosentencesthattellaboutsomethingyouhavemorethanoneof.UseØinthefirstsentenceto

introducetheitems.Usetheinthesecondsentencetotellmoreaboutthem.

1.__________________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

exercise2-22Writetwosentencesthattellaboutanoncountitemyouhave.UseØinthefirstsentencetointroduceit.Usetheinthesecondsentencetotellmoreaboutit.

1.______________________________________________________________

2.______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Theisusedwhenthereisonlyonepossiblereference:

Ileftmykeysinthecar.(thecarIdrive)Pleaseputthebagsinthekitchen.(theonlykitcheninthehouse)Pleasefeedthedog.(thedogweown)

exercise2-23Fillineachblankwithoneofthefollowing:

aantheØ

1.Webought_________carlastnight.

2._________carsareexpensive.

3._________carweboughtisaconvertible.

4.Doyoulike_________convertibles?

5.Doyoulike_________convertiblewebought?

UsingDemonstrativePronounswithSingular,Plural,andNoncountNounsTherearefourdemonstrativepronouns:this,that,these,andthose.Thisandtheserefertonounsthatarecloseenoughtotouch,thingsthatarehere.

Usethisbeforeasingularornoncountnoun;usethesebeforeapluralnoun:

ThiswatchistheoneIlike.

Thesewatchesareveryexpensive.Thisjewelryisveryexpensive.

Thatandthoserefertonounsthatarenotcloseenoughtotouch,thingsthatarethere:

Doyoulikethatdressinthestorewindow?Thosedressesinfrontareverypretty.Thatinformationaboutthepricesisnotcorrect.

exercise2-24Fillineachblankwiththis,that,these,orthose.

1.______________bookinmyhandsisveryinteresting.

2.Whatare______________thingsheiscarrying?

3.We’regoingtosee______________newmovieattheOdeon.

4.Comehereandlookat______________pictureswithme.

5.Whois______________girloverthere?

6.Whoare______________girlsoverthere?

7.Hi,I’mSallyand______________aremyfriends,AmyandCourtney.

8.I’mwearing______________sweaterbecauseI’mcold.

Unit3ProperNouns

Apropernounisthenamethathasbeengiventoaperson,agroupofpeople,aplace,orathing.Thenamesofreligionsandoflanguagesarepropernouns.Apropernouniswrittenwithacapitalletteratthebeginningofeachword.Herearesomeexamplesofpropernouns:

Longernamesandtitlesofbooksoftenhaveprepositionsandarticles,whicharenotwrittenwithcapitalletters,exceptwhenthosewordsappearatthebeginning:

TheUniversityoftheEastABoy’sLifeintheCountry

exercise3-1Changelowercaseletterstocapitalletterswherenecessary.

1.She’sreadingabookcalledaguidetogoodmanners.

2.Wehavetogotothespringfieldlibraryonmonday.

3.Theyarefromitaly,andtheydon’tspeakspanish.

4.davidisgoingtogotowilsonacademyforboysinseptember.

exercise3-2Writethepropernamesofpeople,places,orthingsyouknow.

Unit4PossessiveNounsandPronouns

PossessiveNounsApossessivenounindicatesthattheperson,place,orthingnamedistheownerorholderofthenounthatfollows.ItanswersthequestionWhose...?Apossessivenouncanbeusedbeforeasingularnoun,apluralnoun,oranoncountnoun.

Itcanbeapropernounfollowedby-’s:Emily’sdressBill’sshoes.Susan’sicecream

Apossessivenouncanbeacommonnounfollowedby-’s:theteacher’sdesktheman’sglassesafriend’smail

Whentwoormorepeopleownorhavesomething,thepluralnounisfollowedbyanapostropheifitendsin-s:

theteachers’partythestudents’booksmyfriends’health

Ifthepluralformdoesnotendin-s,itisfollowedby-’s:themen’scarsthechildren’sclassthepeople’smoney

exercise4-1Writeaphrasewithapossessivenounforeachitemlisted.

1.car/mysister________________________________________________

2.hats/themen________________________________________________

3.party/thechildren________________________________________________

4.office/thedoctor________________________________________________

5.apartment/thegirls________________________________________________

6.class/MissSmith________________________________________________

7.school/BenLindsay________________________________________________

8.meeting/theladies________________________________________________

exercise4-2

Lookatsomephotographsofyourfamilyandfriends.Writefivethingsyousee,andindicatetowhomtheybelong.

EXAMPLES:That’sDebbie’sdog.Thosearemysister’sshoes.

1.________________________________________________________________

2.________________________________________________________________

3.________________________________________________________________

4.________________________________________________________________

5.________________________________________________________________

PossessivePronounsApossessivepronouncanbeusedinplaceofapossessivenoun.Apossessivepronouncanbeusedbeforeasingular,plural,ornoncountnoun.Thesearethepossessivepronouns:

exercise4-3LookatyouranswerstoExercise4-1.Changethepossessivenounstopossessivepronouns.

1._____________________________________________________________

2._____________________________________________________________

3._____________________________________________________________

4._____________________________________________________________

5._____________________________________________________________

6._____________________________________________________________

7._____________________________________________________________

8._____________________________________________________________

exercise4-4LookatyouranswerstoExercise4-2.Changethepossessivenounstopossessivepronouns.

1._____________________________________________________________

2._____________________________________________________________

3._____________________________________________________________

4._____________________________________________________________

5._____________________________________________________________


Thesearesimilaritiesbetweensingular,plural,andnoncountnouns:

•Allcanfollowthe:theletterthelettersthemail

•AllcanfollowapossessivenounJohn’sletterJohn’slettersJohn’smail

•Allcanfollowapossessivepronoun:hisletterhislettershismail

Thesearesimilaritiesbetweensingularandnoncountnouns:

•Bothcanfollowthis:thisletterthismail

•Botharefollowedbyasingularverb:Theletterishere.Themailishere.

Thesearesimilaritiesbetweenpluralandnoncountnouns:

•Theycanfollowno:nolettersnomail

•Theycanfollownotany:notanylettersnotanymail

•Theycanfollowsome:someletterssomemail

•Theycanfollowalotoforlotsof:

•Theycanbeusedwithnoword(Ø)beforethem,tomakeageneralstatement:

ØLettersarestampedatthepostoffice.ØMailisstampedatthepostoffice.

Thesearecharacteristicsofsingularnounsonly:

•Theycanfollowaoran:

abananaanorange

Thesearecharacteristicsofpluralnounsonly:

•Theycanfollowafew:

afewbananasafewletters

•Theycanfollownotmanyortoomany:

notmanybananastoomanyletters

Thesearecharacteristicsofnoncountnounsonly:

•Theycanfollowalittle:

alittlefruitalittlemail

•Theycanfollownotmuchortoomuch:

notmuchfruittoomuchmail

exercise5-1Circlethewordthatcorrectlyfillsineachblank.

1.Thereare_____________peopleinthisroom.aonetoomanytoomuch

2.Thereis______________artistinourfamily.asomealotofanthese

3.Doyouhave_____________booksIgaveyou?atoomanythetoomuchan

4._____________airplanesaremakingalotofnoise.ToomuchØThoseThisAlittle

5.I’mhopingyoucangiveme__________advice.toomanyanonethreealittle

6.Ourneighborshave______________children.toomuchalotofalittleonea

7.ThedoctorsaysthatIeat_____________salt.toomanyafewatoomuchthis

8.Thereare________________ticketsavailable.toomuchthisthatnoalittle

9._______________apartmentisnearmyhouse.John’sAfewAlotofSomeA

10.Wewouldlike_______________help.someafewamanyone

exercise5-2Matchthewordsintheleftcolumnwiththenounsintherightcolumn.


Thepresentparticipleformofaverbcanbeusedasanountobethesubjectofasentence,ortheobjectofaverborapreposition.Presentparticiplesarecalledgerundswhentheyareusedasnouns.(Seepage96fortheformationofpresentparticiples.)

exercise6-1Fillineachblankwiththegerundformoftheverbindicated.

1.Weareverytiredof(wait)_________________forher.

2.(drive)_________________atnightcanbedangerous.

3.Doyoulike(live)_________________here?

4.Theyarguedabouther(cook)_________________.

5.(study)_________________attheuniversitygavehimagoodbackground.

6.We’renotafraidof(stay)_________________alone.

exercise6-2Writesentencesthatchangetheverbstonouns.

1.sing__________________________________________________________

2.drink__________________________________________________________

3.sleep__________________________________________________________

4.write__________________________________________________________

5.study__________________________________________________________

Unit7MoreSpecificNouns

Therearemanynounsthatcanreplacegeneralnounstodescribespecificpeople,places,things,andideas.Someexamplesfollow.Formalindicatesthatthewordisusedmainlyinwriting.Informalindicatesthatthewordisusedmainlyinconversation.Slangindicatesthatthewordisveryinformalandthatitiscurrentlyinstyle.

WordsforPeople

boy:amalechildfrombirthtoageeighteenMysisterhasthreechildren,twoboysandagirl.

bum:apersonwhomakesnoefforttosucceedShesaysherneighborisalazybum.

dude:amanwhopaysalotofattentiontohisclothesHernewboyfriendisahandsomedude.

formofaddresstoafriend(slang)“Dude,we’rehavingaparty;comeonover.”

astranger(slang)Iwaswalkingdownthestreetandthatdudestartedtalkingtome.

gentleman:amanwithgoodmannersYourbrotherisaperfectgentleman.

girl:afemalechildfrombirthtoageeighteenYourdaughterisalovelygirl.

ayoung,unmarriedwomanOurneighborisagirlwhoisinlawschool.

guy:aboyorman(informal)Thatguywhoworksatthedrugstoreisveryhelpful.

kid:amaleorfemalechild(informal)Therearealotofkidsinthatfamily.

lady:awomanwithgoodmannersTheladywholivesacrossthestreetisateacher.

man:anadultmaleTherearesixmeninthestudygroup.

tomboy:agirlwholikestoplayboys’gamesWhenIwastenyearsoldIwasarealtomboy.

woman:anadultfemaleImetaninterestingwomanatthemeeting.

younglady:ayoungwomanwithgoodmannersThegirlshavegrownupandarenowcharmingyoungladies.

youth:ayoungmanOneoftheyouthsattheconventiongaveagoodspeech.

youngpeopleTheyouthoftodayhavemanyopportunities.

exercise7-1Replaceeachitalicizedwordwithamoredescriptiveonefromthepreviouslist.

1.Howmanychildrendoesshehave?________________

2.Didyounoticetheboyintheyellowshirt?________________

3.Mybrother’snewgirlfriendisanaccomplishedgirl.________________

4.Idon’twanttobealazypersonwhohasnoambition.________________

Friends

acquaintance:apersonyouhavemetbutdon’tknowverywellAnacquaintanceofmineworksinyouroffice.

boyfriend:amalewhoissomeone’sromanticinterestAreyoubringingyourboyfriendtotheparty?

classmate:apersonwhoisinthesameclasswithsomeoneatschoolTheschoolissobig,Idon’tevenknowallofmyclassmates.

colleague:apersonsomeoneworkswithprofessionallyAllofmycolleaguesagreewiththenewplan.

companion:afriendsomeonespendsalotoftimewithorliveswithTheyaregoodcompanions;theygoeverywheretogether.

coworker:apersonwhoworksinthesameplaceassomeoneShecannotgetalongwithanyofhercoworkers.

fiancé:amaletowhomsomeoneisengagedtobemarriedHegaveheradiamondring,sonowhe’sherfiancé.

fiancée:afemaletowhomsomeoneisengagedtobemarriedShehasbeenhisfiancéeforfiveyears.

friend:apersonyouknowandlikeShehasalotoffriendshere.

girlfriend:afemalewhoissomeone’sromanticinterestIcan’tbringmygirlfriend,becauseshelivesinanothercity.

partner:acompanionHerpartnerworksatthelocalnursery.

apersonwhoco-ownsabusinesswithsomeoneMydoctorisoutoftown,buthispartnerwillseeme.

roommate:apersonsomeonesharesaroomwithWehaveabigroomatcollege,soIhavetworoommates.

exercise7-2Fillineachblankwiththemostappropriatewordfromthepreviouslist.

1.Myauntgotengagedlastmonth,andsheiscomingtovisitwithhernew____________________.

2.Herdaughter,whoisincollege,complainsthather____________________doesn’thelpcleanthebathroom.

3.Idon’tliketheboss’snewprogram,butmy____________________thinkitwillwork.

4.He’snotagoodfriendofmine,justan____________________.

Doctors

dentist:adoctorwhotakescareoftheteethIt’sagoodideatoseeadentistatleastonceayear.

dermatologist:askinspecialistAdermatologistcanhelpyouwithyourallergies.

doctor/M.D.:apersonwhohasthedegreeofDoctorofMedicine,workstohelpsickpeople,andislicensedtoprescribemedicine

Whenyouaresick,youshouldgotothedoctor.ear,nose,andthroatdoctor/E.N.T.:aspecialistfortheear,thenose,andthethroat

SheseesanE.N.T.forhersinusitis.eyedoctor/ophthalmologist:aspecialistforeyes

Theophthalmologistprescribedglassesforourson.

gastroenterologist:astomachspecialistHeisseeingagastroenterologisttohelpcurehisdigestiveproblems.

generalpractitioner/G.P.:anM.D.whotreatsmostcommondiseasesandailmentsOurG.P.takescareofthewholefamilyinonevisit.

gynecologist:aspecialistinwomen’shealthManywomenarecheckedbyagynecologistonceayear.

obstetrician:aspecialistinthedeliveryofbabiesAssoonasshesuspectedshewaspregnant,shewenttoseeanobstetrician.

orthodontist:adentistwhospecializesinstraighteningteethTheorthodontistfixedhercrookedteeth,andnowshehasabeautifulsmile.

orthopedist:aspecialistinbonesWhenhebrokehisleg,theorthopedistputitinacast.

pediatrician:aspecialistinchildren’shealthAssoonasthebabywasbornhewasexaminedbyapediatrician.

periodontist:adentistwhospecializesingumsTheperiodontistwasabletohelppreventgumrecessioninmostpatients.

podiatrist:aspecialistinfeetThepodiatristtoldhernottowearhigh-heeledshoes.

specialist:anM.D.whoisanexpertinonetypeofdiseaseorpartofthebodyOurG.P.recommendedthatwetakeourchildtoaspecialist.

surgeon:aspecialistwhoperformsmajoroperationsThesurgeonwasintheoperatingroomforfourhours.

exercise7-3Matchthehealthproblemintheleftcolumntothedoctorintherightcolumn.(Note:therearemoreproblemsthantypesofdoctor.)

Artists

actor:amaleartistwhoperformsinthetheater,ontelevision,orinthemoviesWhichactorplaysthemaincharacterinthatfilm?

actress:afemaleartistwhoperformsinthetheater,ontelevision,orinthemoviesSheisanactresswhoisabletoplaymanydifferentroles.

artist:apersonwhoworksinacreativewayTheartistcapturedthebeautyofthelandscape.

designer:anartistwhoworksinclothingorhomefashionShewearsdressesonlybyherfavoritedesigner.

musician:anartistwhocomposesorperformsmusicHeisanaccomplishedmusicianwhowritesallthesongshesings.

painter:anartistwhomakespictureswithoil,watercolor,oranothercolormediumThepresident’sportraitwasdonebyafamouspainter.

photographer:anartistwhoworkswithacameratodepictimagesWeneedagoodphotographertocapturetheemotionofthecelebration.

poet:anartistwhowriteslyricalversesThepoet’swordsmademefeelbothhappyandsad.

sculptor:anartistwhocarvesormodelsfiguresThissculptorpreferstoworkwithmarble.

writer:anartistwhoputswordsonpapertodescribeornarrateMyfavoritewritermakesmefeelthatIamintheplaceheisdescribing.

exercise7-4Writethenamesoffiveartistsyoulike,indicatingthespecificworkofeachone.

1._______________________________________________________________

2._______________________________________________________________

3._______________________________________________________________

4._______________________________________________________________

5._______________________________________________________________

Musicians

Reviewthewordsformusicianswhoplayindividualinstruments:

Reviewmorewordsforpeopleinvolvedinmusic:

exercise7-5Writethenamesoffivemusiciansyoulike,indicatingthespecialtyofeachone.

1.______________________________________________

2.______________________________________________

3.______________________________________________

4.______________________________________________

5.______________________________________________

WordsfortheArts

Music

blues:astyleofslowjazzevolvedfromAfrican-AmericansongsIlovetolistentotheblueswhenI’mlonely.

classical:Europeanmusicofthelatterhalfoftheeighteenthcentury;musicofacknowledgedexcellenceandseriousstyle

Classicalmusicisoftenperformedbythecity’ssymphonyorchestra.country:astyleofpopularmusicfromtheruralAmericansouthandsouthwest

AlotofcountrymusiciansliveandworkinNashville,Tennessee.folk/ethnic:musicthatoriginatesamongthecommonpeopleofaregion

FolkmusicwasverypopularintheUnitedStatesinthe1960s.jazz:akindofmusicthatoriginatedwithAfrican-AmericanbandsinthesouthernUnitedStates,characterizedbyimprovisationandstrong,flexiblerhythm

Jazzispopularinmanypartsoftheworld.oldies:popularmusicfromanearlierdecade

Herfavoriteoldiesarefromthe1950sand1960s.popular:musicthatisappreciatedbyalargenumberofpeopleduringthecurrentperiodoftime

Thatradiostationplaysonlypopularmusic.rap:acurrentlypopularstyleofmusicthatoriginatedamongAfrican-Americanperformers,characterizedbytalking,ratherthansinging,inrhymeandrhythm

Rapisforlistening,notdancing.rhythmandblues:astyleofmusicwithstrong,simplerhythmandlyricsthatoriginatedinthelate1940sandearly1950samongAfrican-Americangroups

Rhythmandbluesisgreatforswingdancing.rock:apopularstyleofmusicplayedbybandswithelectricguitars,keyboards,anddrums,oftenwithemotionalsingingbyagrouporonesinger

Rockconcertsareverypopularamongyoungpeople.rockandroll:astyleofmusicthatbeganinthe1950sandcombinedelementsofrhythmandbluesandcountry

TherewerealotofTVshowswithrock-and-rolldancers.

exercise7-6Whichofthesetypesofmusicdoyoulikebest?Writeafewsentencestodescribethemusicandthemusicianswhoplayit.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Dance

ballet:aformal,artisticdancewithgracefulmovementsandelaboratetechniqueShehasbeendancingballetsinceshewasachild.

aballetshowWewenttotheballetlastnight.ballroom:aformalversionofpopulardance,wherestyleandtechniqueareimportant,

includingthefoxtrot,waltz,swing,andLatin,amongothersI’mlearningthewaltzfrommyneighborwhoteachesballroomdancing.

dance:movementintimewithmusicDanceisagoodwaytoexerciseandrelaxatthesametime.

aneventwherepeoplegotodanceAreyougoingtothedanceonSaturdaynight?

jazz:atypeofballetperformedtojazzmusicSheisatopballetperformerandisalsoaccomplishedinjazz.

Latin:anyofthedancesperformedtopopularmusicfromLatinAmerica,includingmerengue,salsa,cumbia,bachata,mambo,samba,cha-cha,andtango,amongothers

Heisagoodswingdancer,butwhathereallylikesisLatindancing.line:adanceperformedtocountrymusic,wheredancersdanceindividuallybutallfollowthesamesteps

Onegoodthingaboutlinedancingisthatyoudon’tneedapartner.tap:adanceperformedwithametalplateattachedtothetoeorheeloftheshoe

Sheisgoodatbothballetandtap.

exercise7-7Writeasentencethattellswhatkindofdanceyouhaveseenorhaveperformed.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

WordsforPlaces

Parks

amusementpark:aparkoperatedasabusinessthathasrides,games,andotherentertainmentAllofthechildrenwantedtogoontheridesattheamusementpark.

botanicalgarden:aparkwhereplantsarecultivatedandidentifiedforthepublicTherewasabeautifuldisplayoforchidsatthebotanicalgarden.

nationalorstatepark:aparceloflandreservedbythegovernmentandadministeredbythegovernmentforpreservationandrecreation

Youcangetalotofinformationfromthegovernmentaboutvisitingthenationalparks.park:anoutdoorplacereservedforthepleasureofthepublic

Wehadapicnicinthepark.playground:aparksetasideforchildrentoplayin,usuallywithswingsandotherequipmentforthemtoplayon

Thekidsweretiredafteranafternoonattheplayground.themepark:anelaborateamusementparkthatisdevelopedaroundoneparticularidea,suchasahistoricaltimeorplace,apopularcharacter,orotherspecialinterest

WesawalotofmovieandTVcharactersatthethemepark.zoo:aparkwhereanimalsarekeptandshowntothepublic

Thechildrenlovedseeingthegiraffesatthezoo.

exercise7-8Matcheachtypeofparkintheleftcolumnwithitsdescriptionintherightcolumn.

Stores

boutique:asmallspecialtystorethatsellsgoodscarefullychosenforaparticulartypeofcustomerandusuallyoffersuniqueitemsthatarenotavailableatchainstores

Hersisterhasindividualstyleandshopsonlyatboutiques.boxstore:alargechainstorethathasasimilarstructureandlayoutineachlocation

Ifyouneedhardwareforaproject,youcangotoalocalhardwarestoreortoabigboxstore.chainstore:oneofmanystoresownedandoperatedbythesamecompany

Withsomanychainstores,ourcitiesarebecomingmorealike.departmentstore:alargestorethatusuallyhasseveralfloors,elevatorsandescalators,andseparatedepartmentsforeachtypeofpurchase—forexample,women’sclothing,men’sclothing,children’sclothing,shoes,linens,kitchenequipment,etc.

Itisveryconvenienttoshopatadepartmentstorewhereyoucanfindthingsforthewholefamilyaswellashouseholdgoods.discountstore:astorethatsellsgoodsatalowerpricethantheonesuggestedbythemanufacturer

Youcansavealotofmoneybybuyingatadiscountstore,butyoudon’tgetanyhelpinselectingyourpurchases.mallstore:achainstoreoftenlocatedwithotherchainstoresinashoppingmall

Myfriendlovestoshopatherfavoritemallstores.outlet:astorethatsellsgoodsfromaparticularmanufacturer,atalowerprice

Outletsareoftengroupedtogetherinmallsontheoutskirtsofcities.

exercise7-9Writethenameofastoreyouknowthatfitseachcategorylisted.

Schools

academy:aprivateschoolHewaseducatedataveryexpensiveacademy.

college:educationbeyondhighschool,wherestudentstakegeneralrequiredcoursesandspecializeinaparticularareaofstudyleadingtoabachelor’sdegree

Hermothermadesurethatshewouldbeabletogotocollege.elementaryschool:aschoolthatcontainsclassesfromkindergartenthroughgradefiveorsix

Mostchildrengotoanelementaryschoolnearwheretheylive.graduateschool:theuniversityprogramsthatleadtoadvanceddegrees,includingspecialschoolssuchaslawschool,medicalschool,dentalschool,andbusinessschool

Manystudentshavefull-timejobsandgotograduateschoolclassesintheevening.highschool:aschoolthatcontainsclassesfromgradesnineortenthroughtwelve

Graduationfromhighschoolisarequirementforadmissiontoacollegeoruniversity,andformanyjobs.kindergarten:thefirstyearofschool,requiredintheUnitedStatesbychildrenagedfive

Manychildrenlearntoreadinkindergarten.middleschool:aschoolthatcontainsclassesfromgradesixorseventogradeeightornine

Middleschoolstudentsareusuallyinthebeginningstagesofadolescence.preschool:aschoolforchildrenagedthreeorfour

Preschoolisagoodintroductiontoschoolforsmallchildren.privateschool:aschooladministeredbyaprivateorganization,business,church,orothergroup

Mostprivateschoolsrequirethestudentstowearuniforms.

publicschool:aschooladministeredbyalocalgovernmentwhereinstructionisfreeAlloftheirchildrengotopublicschool.

school:aplaceforlearningHeisgoingtoopenacookingschoolinthecity.

university:acollegethathasfour-yearbachelor’sdegreeprogramsandalsooffersgraduateprogramswherestudentscandomorein-depthstudyofachosensubject,leadingtoamaster’sdegreeoradoctor’sdegree

Somestudentsprefertogetabachelor’sdegreefromasmallcollegeandthengotoalargeuniversityforamaster’sdegree.

exercise7-10Matcheachtypeofschoolwiththestudentswhowouldmostlikelyattendit.

WordsforThings

Houses

apartment:aplacetolivethatispartofalargerbuilding,ownedbyalandlordwhocollectsmonthlyrent

Theywillrentanapartmentuntiltheyhaveenoughmoneytobuyahouse.cabin:asmall,roughlybuilthouse

Thefamilylikestostayinacabininthemountainsinthesummer.abedroomonaship

Thecabinsontheshiparequitesmall.aninsideareaofanairplane

Thoseairplaneshaveaverylargepassengercabin.condominium:abuildingorgroupofbuildingswhoseapartmentsareindividuallyowned

Theyarebuildinganewcondominiumnearhere.anapartmentinacondominium

Assoonashegraduatedheboughtacondominiuminthecity.

cottage:asmallhouseofonestoryHisfamilyhasacottageatthebeach,wheretheygoeverysummer.

house:abuildingdesignedasaplacetoliveTheyareexpectingababyandwanttomovetoabiggerhouse.

hut:asmallshelter,withnoamenitiesThechildrenmadeahutinthewoods.

mansion:alargehouseThemayor’sofficialresidenceisabeautifulmansion.

rambler:ahouse,biggerthanacottage,thathasanumberofroomsthatareallononefloor.Theyarelookingforarambler,becausehermothercan’tclimbsteps.

townhouse:ahousebuiltinarowofhouses,withsidewallsconnectedTownhousesusuallyhavealotofsteps.

exercise7-11Matcheachtypeofhomeinthecolumnontheleftwithitsdescriptionfromthecolumnontheright.

Streets

avenue:awidestreetinacityTheavenuesinthecityarewideandelegant.

beltway:afreewaythatformsacirclearoundacity,connectingitsoutersuburbsTrafficisfastonthebeltway,andyouhavetobecareful.

freeway:ahighwaywithseverallanesandfewornostoplights;vehiclesenterandexitviarampsTherearealwaysalotoftrucksonthefreeway.

highway:amainpublicroadthatconnectstownsandcitiesThehighwayisusuallycrowded.

road:anopenwayforthepassageofvehicles,people,oranimalsTheroadthatleadstoourcabinisnotpaved.

street:apublicwayforautomobiles,usuallywithbuildingsonbothsidesWhatstreetdoyouliveon?

tollroad:afreewaythatchargesmoneytouseitWetookthetollroadandgottheremuchfaster,butitcosttendollarsintolls.

exercise7-12Writethenamesorroutenumbersofexamplesofeachtypeofstreet.

Automobiles

automobile:apassengervehiclethathasfourwheelsanditsownengine,fortravelonlandManyfamilieshavemorethanoneautomobile.

car:anautomobileOurneighborsjustboughtanewcar.

convertible:acarwhosetopcanbefoldedbackorremovedIt’sverypleasanttorideinaconvertibleinniceweather.

sedan:acarthathasafrontseatandarearseatandeithertwodoorsorfourdoorsThesedanisapopularcarstyle.

SUV:(SportUtilityVehicle)ahigh-performancefour-wheel-drivecarbuiltonatruckframeTherearelotsofSUVsonthestreets,especiallyinthesuburbs.

van:alargeboxlikeautomobilethathasslidingsidedoorsManypeoplewhohavesmallchildrenbuyeitheranSUVoravan.

vehicle:anydeviceusedforcarryingpassengers,goods,orequipmentBicycles,motorcycles,cars,andsledsareallvehicles.

exercise7-13Observeonthestreetexamplesofeachtypeofvehiclelisted,andmakeanoteofthenameofeachone.

Writeadescriptionofthecolorandmakeofeachone.

1.sedan_______________________________________________________

2.convertible__________________________________________________

3.SUV________________________________________________________

4.van_________________________________________________________

Shoes

boots:aprotectivecoveringforthefeetandpartofthelegsYouneedbootsforwalkinginthesnow.

flats:women’sshoesthathaveaverylowheelFlatsaremorecomfortableforwalking.

highheels:women’sshoesthathaveabuilt-upheel,oftenthreetofourincheshighManywomenliketogetdressedupinhighheels.

lace-ups:shoesthataretightenedtothefeetbylacesthatarethreadedthroughholesintheupperpartoftheshoe

Childrenusuallygettheirfirstlace-upswhentheyarelearningtowalk.loafers:men’sorwomen’sslip-onleathershoesthatlooklikemoccasinswithasolidsole

Loafersaremorecasualthanoxfords,buttheyaredressierthansneakers.MaryJanes:littlegirls’shoeswithastrapoverthetop

EvenbiggirlsandwomenlikeMaryJanes.moccasins:softleathershoestraditionallywornbynativeNorthAmericans

Mocassinsareespeciallyprettywhentheyhavedecorativebeading.oxfords:leatherlace-ups

Someprivateschoolsrequirethestudentstowearoxfordsaspartoftheschooluniform.pumps:women’smedium-heelorhigh-heelshoeswithclosedtoe

Pumpscanbewornalmostanywhere.sandals:shoesmadeofasoleandstraps

Sandalsaregreatinthesummertime.shoes:acoveringforaperson’sfeet

Everybodylikestogetnewshoes.sneakers:sportsshoeswithrubbersoles;tennisshoes,runningshoes,basketballshoes,etc.

Peopleofallageswearsneakers.wedges:highheelswithasolidportionthatconnectstheheelstothesole

Wedgesseemtogoinandoutofstyle.

exercise7-14

Duringthenextweek,lookattheshoesofpeopleonthestreetforexamplesofeachtypeofshoeonthelist,andmakeanotethatdescribeseachtypeandthepersonwhoiswearingit.Writeyourdescriptionshere.

1.sandals________________________________________________

2.boots______________________________________________________

3.highheels____________________________________________________

4.flats________________________________________________________

5.wedges________________________________________________________

6.pumps_________________________________________________________

7.MaryJanes_____________________________________________________

8.loafers_______________________________________________________

9.lace-ups______________________________________________________

10.oxfords______________________________________________________

11.sneakers____________________________________________________

WordsforEvents

Parties

brunch:apartywherebothbreakfastandlunchdishesareservedBrunchesarepopularonSundaymornings.

cocktailparty:alargepartywheredrinksandsnacksareservedandwhereguestsstandupandmovearoundtotalktootherguests

Cocktailpartiesaregoodplacestomeetnewpeople.dinnerparty:apartywhereaformaleveningmealisserved

Shehasveryelegantdinnerpartiesandalwaysinvitesinterestingpeople.engagementparty:apartytocongratulateacoupleontheircommitmenttomarryoneanother

Hersisterishavinganengagementpartyforthem.get-together:aninformalparty

Ourgroupoffriendshasaget-togethereverymonthorso.luncheon:apartywhereaformallunchisserved

Hermotherinvitedalloftheweddingpartytoaluncheon.openhouse:alargepartywheretheguestsmayarriveandleaveatanytimeduringthesuggestedhours

WewereinvitedtoanopenhouseonNewYear’sDay.party:agroupofpeoplemeetingtogetherforthepurposeofhavingfun

I’malwaysreadyforaparty.agroupofpeoplewhodosomethingtogether

Therestaurantisreservingatableforapartyofsixpeople.reception:apartytomeet,welcome,orsaygood-byetosomeone

Thecompanyinvitedmetoareceptiontomeetthenewvicepresident.shower:apartywheretheguestsbringgiftsforabride-to-beormother-to-be

Ourofficeisplanningashowerforourassistant,whoisexpectingababyinJanuary.wedding:aceremonytocelebrateamarriage

Wereyouinvitedtothewedding?

exercise7-15Writeafewsentencestellingwhatkindofpartyyouliketoattendandwhyyoulikethatkindofparty.

__________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Shows

comedy:aplaydesignedtomakepeoplelaughTheplaywasacomedyaboutthehumorinfamilylife.

concert:amusicshowTheuniversitystudentswereexcitedabouttheconcertgivenbytheirfavoriteband.

drama:aseriousplayTheplaywasadramaaboutseriousissuesinfamilylife.

fashionshow:ashowwheremodelswearthelatestfashionstointroducethemtothepublicIt’sexcitingtoseethefashionshowsinNewYork,Milan,andParis.

gameshow:atelevisionshowwherepeopleplaygamestowinmoneyorprizesShewasonthatgameshowandwonanewcar.

movie:amotionpictureorfilmWhatmoviesareplayinginourneighborhood?

opera:aplaysettomusicWewenttotheoperawhenwewereinItaly.

play:astorywrittentobeactedonastage

Thehighschoolseniorsputonaplayattheendoftheyear.realityshow:atelevisionshowthatfilmspeopleastheylivetheirownlives

Arealityshowcanbefunnyorsad.show:anexhibitionorentertainmentforthepublic

Themoviewasanexcellentshow.soapopera:aTVshowthatshowsdailyepisodesofastorythatneverends

Ifyoustartwatchingasoapopera,itishardtostop.TVshow:ashowbroadcastontelevision

Hedoesn’twanttostayhomeandwatchTVshows.

exercise7-16Writeafewsentencesthatnameanddescribeashowyouhaveseenrecently.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Games

boardgame:agameplayedonaflatboardspeciallydesignedforit,oftenwithsmallpiecesthatbelongtoeachplayer,anddice

Boardgamesarefunforchildrenandadults.cardgame:agameplayedwithastandarddeckofcardsorcardsspeciallydesignedforit;bridge,canasta,hearts,OldMaid,GoFish,etc.

Therearecardgamesforchildrenandforadults.game:anentertainmentwheretwoormorepeoplecompetewitheachother

Wouldyouliketoplayagamewithme?hide-and-seek:achildren’sgamewhereonechild,whois“it,”mustfindanotherchildinhisorherhidingplace,whothenbecomes“it”

Hide-and-seekisagameplayedeverywhere.match:atennis,soccer,orrugbygame

I’dlovetogotothemovies,butIhaveatennismatchthisafternoon.parlorgame:anindoorgamethatisplayedamongsmallgroupsofpeopleataparty

Charadesisapopularparlorgame.sports:anathleticcompetition;afootballgame,abaseballgame,avolleyballgame,etc.

HelovestospendSundayswatchingsports.tag:achildren’sgamewhereonechild,whois“it,”musttouch(tag)another,whothenbecomes“it”

Tagisagameplayedbychildrenofallages.

exercise7-17Matcheachtypeofgameintheleftcolumnwithoneofthedescriptionsintherightcolumn.

Storms

cyclone:aviolentstormwithrotatingwindTheychangedtheirvacationplansbecauseofthecyclonewarning.

gale:awindwithaspeedbetweenthirty-twoandsixty-threemilesperhour(betweenfiftyandonehundredkilometersperhour)

We’dbetterstayhome.Itlookslikeagaleoutside.hurricane:atropicalstormwithwindsofseventy-fourmilesperhour(119kilometersperhour)orgreater

Thehurricanetooktheroofoffourneighbor’shouse.sandstorm:astormofsandinthedesert

Duringthesandstormtherewerecloudsofsandintheair.storm:astrongwindwithrain,snow,orhail,andsometimeswiththunderandlightning

Theyhadtostopdrivingbecauseofthestorm.tornado:aviolentstormthatwhirlsinacircularmotionatspeedsuptothreehundredmilesperhour

Everyonemustseekshelter;thereisatornadowarningforthearea.

exercise7-18Replaceeachitalicizedwordwithamoredescriptiveone.

1.Therewasastormwithwindsofeightymilesanhour.__________________________________

2.Westayedinfromthestormbecausethewindswereblowingatfiftymilesanhour.__________________________________

3.Therewasaviolentstorminthedesert._______________________________________

4.Thestormwhirledaroundat250milesperhour,destroyingeverything.___________________

PARTIIADJECTIVES

Adjectivesarethewordsthatallowustobeartists.Insteadofpaintingthecolorsormakingthemusic,wecanuseadjectives—red,beautiful,lively,loud—todescribethenounsinourlives.

Adjectivescanbesimpletouse,astheydon’tchangetofitthenounstheydescribe.Forexample,thesameadjectivecandescribeNewYork(abigcity),NewYorkandLosAngeles(bigcities),oranoncountnounsuchas“furniture”(bigfurniture).

Adjectivescanalsobeusedtocomparenounswitheachother.Todothis,certainadjectiveshavecomparativeandsuperlativeformsthataremadebyadding-eror-estattheend,forexample,“Heistallerthanhisbrother”or“Heisthetallestboyintheclass.”Othersareprecededbymoreormosttomakethesecomparisons,forexample,“Sheismorepatientthantheotherteacher”or“Sheisthemostpatientteacherattheschool.”

Whenyouknowthepatternsforusingadjectives,itiseasytoaddnewonestoyourvocabulary.Enjoyadjectivesandbecreative!

Unit8MakingDescriptions

Adjectivesdescribenounsandareusuallyplacedbeforethenounstheydescribe:Thisisgoodfood.He’saniceman.Shehasanexpensivecar.Igotcheaptickets.

Aformoftheverbbecanseparateanadjectivefromthenoun(orpronoun)itdescribes:Thefoodisgood.Thatmanisnice.Hercarisexpensive.Theticketswerecheap.

Twoadjectivescanbeconnectedbythewordand:Hercarisbigandexpensive.Themanissmartandnice.

Acommaisusedtoseparateadjectiveswhentherearemorethantwo:Hercarisbig,comfortable,andexpensive.Themanissmart,nice,andhandsome.

AdjectivesThatDescribePeopleAdjectivesdescribeaperson’sphysicalandpersonalcharacteristics.Theyanswerthequestions,“Whatareyoulike?”“Whatisshelike?”“Whatishelike?”and“Whataretheylike?”Reviewthewordsinthefollowinglist:

exercise8-1

Fillineachblankwithoneorseveralwordsfromthelist.

1.Iam___________________________________________________.

2.Myneighborsare__________________________________________.

3.Afriendofmineis______________________________________.

4.Idon’tknowanyonewhois______________________________.

5.MostofthepeopleIseeeverydayare________________________________________.

Antonyms

Antonymsaretwowordswithoppositemeanings.Theadjectivesinthefollowingexercisesareantonymsoftheadjectivesinthepreviouslist,butnotinthesameorder.

exercise8-2Fillintheantonymforeachadjectiveusingthelistprovided.

cowardlyhandicappedlittleshyslowstingythinuglyunfriendly


badboringenergetichumblekindnoisyplainsmallyoung


bitterdumbeasygoinghappypoorseriousshortstrong

Prefixes

Manyantonymscanbeformedbyaddingaprefixtoanadjective.Theprefixesin-,im-,ir-,andun-allmean“not.”

exercise8-5Fillintheantonymforeachadjectiveusingtheprefixesindicated.

in-

im-

ir-

un-

Suffixes

Someadjectivesareformedbyaddingasuffixtoanoun:

Some(butnotall)adjectivesthatendin-fulhaveantonymsthatendin-less:

exercise8-6Writeintheantonymsfortheadjectivesindicated.(Becareful—someofthesearetricky!)

EXAMPLE:beautifulugly

Thefollowingarealsoadjectivesuffixes:-ent,-able,-ible,-ic,-ly,and-ive.Reviewtheadjectivesinthefollowingchart:

exercise8-7Fillineachblankwiththebestwordfromtheprefixgroupindicated.

-ent

1.Apersonwhoissmartis__________________________________.

2.Someonewhopersistsdoesn’tstoptrying;thatpersonis________________________________________.

3.Someonewhosucceedsalone,whodoesn’tdependonhelpfromothers,is__________________________________.

4.Peoplewhodemandaction,orinsistonit,are_________________________________.

-able/-ible

5.Peoplewhowelcomeyoutotheirhomeare_________________________________________.

6.Apersonwhoispleasant,kind,helpful,andfriendlyis____________________________________.

7.Someonewhodoeshisworkwellandontimeis______________________________________.

8.Babiesarecute;whentheysmiletheyare_________________________________________.

9.Apersonwhobelievesridiculousstoriesis___________________________________________________.

10.Peoplewhocanadapttoothers’needsare______________________________________.

-ic

11.Peoplewhoexpectagoodfutureare_____________________________________.

12.Peoplewhoexpectabadfutureare_______________________________________________.

13.Apersonwhoisgoodatsports,suchastennisorfootball,is_________________________________.

14.Someonewhoneedstoownexpensivethingsis_______________________________________.

15.Apersonwhobelievesthefuturewillbealmostperfectis_______________________________.

-ly

16.Apersonwhohasabeautifulpersonalityis___________________________________________.

17.Someonewhohasalotofenergyandenthusiasmis__________________________________.

18.Peoplewhoareafraidtoactare__________________________________________________________.

19.Apersonwholikestotalktoandhelpothersis_________________________________________.

20.Apersonwhohasnofriendsisprobably____________________________________________.

-ive

21.Creativepeoplehavenewideas;theyare______________________________________.

22.Apersonwholikestocontroltheactionsofothersis___________________________________.

23.Apersonwhogetsotherpeopletoformanopinionis__________________________________.

24.Peoplewhodemandtobefirstare____________________________________________________.

25.Apersonwhoisthankfulis_____________________________________________________________.

UsingAdjectiveswithOtherWords

A/an,the,this,that,these,those,my,your,his,her,our,andtheiraredeterminers.Anadjectivegoesbetweenthedeterminerandthenounitdescribes:

theirresponsiblestudentthoseaggressivelawyersmyadorablefriendourathleticneighbor

Thewordagoesbeforeanadjectivethatbeginswithaconsonantsound;angoesbeforeanadjectivethatbeginswithavowelsound:

acreativechildanindependentwoman

exercise8-8Writeaoranintheblankbeforeeachadjective.

1.Heis________________goodfriend.

2.Sheis_______________interestinggirl.

3.Mycoworkeris_____________optimisticperson.

4.Herdoctoris_________________capablesurgeon.

5.Thatpoliticianis_______________aggressiveleader.

exercise8-9Useatleasttenadjectivesfromthisunittodescribeyourselfandotherpeopleyouknow.Besuretowritecompletesentences.

1.______________________________________________________________

2.______________________________________________________________

3._______________________________________________________________

4.______________________________________________________________

5.______________________________________________________________

6.______________________________________________________________

7.______________________________________________________________

8.______________________________________________________________

9.______________________________________________________________

10._____________________________________________________________

ProperAdjectives

Properadjectivesdescribepeopleorthingsbytheirplaceoforiginorgroupassociation.Properadjectivesarewrittenwithacapitalletter:

exercise8-10Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateproperadjectives.

1.Mostofthepeoplewholiveinmyneighborhoodare__________________________________.

2.Iworkwithalotof__________________________________people.

3.Iknowonlyafew______________________________________people.

4.______________________________________musicismyfavorite.

5._______________________________________foodisdelicious.

AdjectivesThatDescribeaPerson’sConditionAdjectivesdescribeaperson’scondition.Theyanswerthequestions,“Howareyou?”“Howisshe?”“Howishe?”and“Howarethey?”Reviewthewordsinthefollowinglist:

exercise8-11Circlethewordthatbestfillsineachblank.

1.IhadtoeatsomethingbecauseIwasso_____________________.worriedhungrythirstycalm

2.Ididn’tcallyoubecauseIknewyouwere_________________________________.busyso-sodeadglad

3.Weareleavingat6:00tomorrowmorning.Pleasebe______________________________.worriedscaredlostready

4.Ifyouare_____________________________,getadrinkfromtherefrigerator.satisfiedconfusedthirstydirty

5.We’resorryyouare_______________________andhopeyoufeelbettersoon.happyupsetgladfine

6.Ifyouaretoo___________________,putonasweater.coldwarmtirednervous

Antonyms

Reviewtheadjectivesinthefollowinglist:

aliveanxious/upset/nervouscleancooldissatisfiedfullhotrestedsad/depressedwell

exercise8-12Findinthepreviouslisttheantonymforeachofthefollowingadjectives.

Theconjunctionbutbetweenadjectivesindicatescontrast:I’mfinebuttired.Sheissickbutcomfortable.Theyarehungrybuthappy.We’renervousbutready.

exercise8-13Answereachquestionincompletesentences,usingatleasttendifferentadjectives.Connecttwoadjectiveswithandorbut.Usecommaswhenyouhavemorethantwoadjectivestogether.

1.Howareyoutoday?________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2.Howisyourbestfriend?________________________________

________________________________________________________________

3.Howiseveryoneinyourfamily?________________________________

________________________________________________________________

AdjectivesThatDescribeObjects

Size

Reviewthefollowingadjectivesthatdescribethingsbytheirsize:

exercise8-14Writetheantonymsforthefollowing.

exercise8-15Describebysizefiveobjectsthatyouseerightnow.Besuretowriteincompletesentences.

1.______________________________________________________________

2.______________________________________________________________

3.______________________________________________________________

4._______________________________________________________________

5._______________________________________________________________

Shape

Reviewthefollowingadjectivesthatdescribethingsbytheirshape:

diamond-shapedrectangularroundsquaretriangular

exercise8-16Answereachquestioninacompletesentence.

1.Whatdoyouseethatisround?

_______________________________________________________________

2.Whatdoyouhavethatissquare?

_______________________________________________________________

3.Whattrafficsignistriangular?

_______________________________________________________________

4.Whatistheshapeofthisbook?

_______________________________________________________________

5.Whatistheshapeofabaseballfield?

_______________________________________________________________

Color

Reviewthefollowingadjectivesthatdescribethingsbytheircolor:

Acolormixedwithwhiteiscalled“light”:lightblue,lightgreen.Acolormixedwithblackiscalled“dark”:darkred,darkpurple.Fashioncolorsareoftennamedafterflowers,fruit,orothernaturalitems:rose,lilac,turquoise,tomato,avocado,chocolate,bark.

exercise8-17Describefivethingsyouseebytheircolor.Usecompletesentences.

1._____________________________________________________________

2._____________________________________________________________

3._____________________________________________________________

4._____________________________________________________________

5._____________________________________________________________

QualityReviewthefollowingadjectivesthatdescribethingsbytheirquality:

exercise8-18Matchtheadjectivesintheleftcolumnwiththeirantonymsintherightcolumn.

Condition

Reviewthefollowingadjectivesthatdescribethingsbytheircondition:

exercise8-19Writetheantonymtoeachofthefollowingadjectives.

exercise8-20Describetheconditionoffivethingsyouhave.

1.______________________________________________________________

2.______________________________________________________________

3.______________________________________________________________

4.______________________________________________________________

5.______________________________________________________________

AdjectivesThatDescribePlacesReviewthefollowingadjectivesthatdescribeplaces:

exercise8-21Findtheantonymstothefollowingadjectivesinthepreviouslist,andwritethemintheblanks:

exercise8-22Useatleasttenadjectivesfromthepreviouslisttodescribetheplaceyouareinrightnow.

1.___________________________________________

2.___________________________________________

3.___________________________________________

4.___________________________________________

5.___________________________________________

6.___________________________________________

7.___________________________________________

8.___________________________________________

9.___________________________________________

10.___________________________________________

AdjectivesThatDescribetheWeatherReviewtheadjectivesinthefollowinglist:

exercise8-23Completethefollowingchartbylistingtheadjectivesthatdescribepleasantweatherandthosethatdescribeunpleasantweather.

exercise8-24Fillintheblankswiththemostappropriatewordsfromthepreviouslist.

1.Idon’tliketogooutona(n)_________________________day.

2.InJanuarytheweatherisoften_______________________________.

3.InMayitisusually_____________________________whereIlive.

4.TodaywhereIliveitis___________________________________.

5.Peopleoftengoswimmingwhenitis________________________.

6.Itisdangeroustodrivewhenitis__________________________.

7.It’sgoodtohaveanumbrellaona_______________________________day.

8.It’sagoodideatowearahatwhenitis_________________________________.

9.Ahatcanblowoffifitis____________________________

10.Youneedalightjacketwhenitis_______________________________.

Unit9ComparisonsandSuperlatives

MakinganAdjectiveStrongerorWeakerReviewthefollowingchart:

notatall<notvery<alittle<somewhat<rather<pretty<very<extremely

notatall=Theadjectivementioneddoesnotdescribethenoun.Theticketsarenotatallcheap.

notvery=Thenoundoesnothavemuchofthequalityoftheadjective.Thatareaisnotverysafe.

alittle=Thenounhasonlyalittlebitofthequalityoftheadjective.Thecarisalittleexpensive.

somewhat=Thenounhassomeofthequalityoftheadjective.Thefoodissomewhatspicy.

rather=Thenounhasquiteafewaspectsofthequalityoftheadjective.It’saratherlargeclass.

pretty=Thenounhasalotofthequalityoftheadjective.It’saprettylongtrip.

veryThenounisagoodexampleofthequalityoftheadjective.They’reverygoodbooks.

extremely=Thenounisasuperiorexampleofthequalityoftheadjective.It’sanextremelyhardcourse.

exercise9-1Fillintheblankswiththewordfromthepreviouslistthatbestcompleteseachsentence.

1.Mysister’sjobistofeedtheneighbor’scats.Herjobis___________________________________easy.

2.Myfriendboughtacarfor$100.Hiscarwas____________________________________expensive.

3.Ourneighborhasadogthatbarksallnight.Ourneighbor’sdogis_____________________________________noisy.

4.Theirhouseisnearthemetrostationandthebusstop.Theirhouseisina_____________________________convenientlocation.

5.Sheinvitedaboutfiftypeopletoherhouseforacelebration.Shehada_____________________________largeparty.

exercise9-2Nowcompletethefollowingsentenceswiththesametypesofexpressions.

1.Myjobis_____________________________easy.

2.Myshoeswere____________________________expensive.

3.Myneighbor’sdogis_________________________________friendly.

4.Myhouseisina__________________________________convenientlocation.

5.Mydinnerlastnightwas__________________________________salty.

ExpressingNegativeEffects

Thewordtoobeforeanadjectiveindicatesthattheadjectiveissostrongthatithasanegativeeffect:

Thatcaristooexpensive.(Ican’tbuyit.)Heistoorich.(Hevaluesmoneyoverpeople.)Theyweretootired.(Theycouldn’twork.)Thepartywastoonoisy.(Thepolicecameandsenteverybodyhome.)

exercise9-3Aftereachsentencewithtoo,writeapossiblenegativeeffect.

1.Thefoodwastoocold._______________________________________________________

2.Itwastoorainy._______________________________________________________

3.Iatetoomuchcake.______________________________________________________

4.Shewasdrivingtoofast.___________________________________________________

5.Theshoesaretoosmall.___________________________________________________

exercise9-4Writefivesentencesthatdescribeyourselforpeopleyouknow.Usefiveoftheseexpressions:notatall,alittle,somewhat,rather,pretty,very,extremely,too.

1._______________________________________________________

2._______________________________________________________

3._______________________________________________________

4._______________________________________________________

5._______________________________________________________

MakingComparisonswithAdjectivesNounsarecomparedwithothernounsbythestrengthoftheiradjectives.Anadjectivemadestrongerisfollowedbythewordthaninacomparison.

One-SyllableAdjectives

Adjectivesthathaveonlyonesyllablearemadestrongerbyaddingthesuffix-er:Sheistallerthanhersister.Heisfasterthantheotherrunner.Theseticketswerecheaperthanthose.Itiscolderinthenorththaninthesouth.

exercise9-5Writethestrongerformofeachofthefollowingadjectives.

Adjectivesthathaveonesyllableandthatendin-earemadestrongerbyadding-r:

Heisnicerthanhisbrother.Theyarecuterthantheywerebefore.


Afewone-syllableadjectivesendin-w,-x,or-y.Thesearemadestrongerbyadding-er:

Otheradjectivesofonesyllablethatendinaconsonant-vowel-consonantaremadestrongerbyrepeatingthefinalconsonantandadding-er:

Sheisbiggerthanheis.Ithinkshe’sthinnerthanshewasbefore.


Thecomparative(stronger)formsofgoodandbadareirregular:Thatwasagoodmovie,butthisoneisbetter.Shehadbadluck,andnowitisworse.

exercise9-8Usegood,bad,better,orworsetocompletethesentences.

1.Today’sweatheris_______________.Yesterday’swas_______________.

2.ThejobIhaveis_____________.Itis_____________thantheoneIhadbefore.

3.Theconditionofmyroomis_____________.Itis_____________thanitwaslastweek.

4.TodayIfeel_____________.Ifeel_____________thanIdidyesterday.

Two-SyllableAdjectives

Alotofadjectiveshavetwosyllablesandendin-y.Theyaremadestrongerbychangingtheytoiand

adding-er:

Heishappiernow.Ihopeitwillbesunniertomorrow.Thatmovieisfunnierthanthelastonewesaw.


Afewadjectivesthathavetwosyllablesaremadestrongerbyadding-r(iftheyendin-e)or-er:

Thisstreetisnarrowerthanthatone.

Thisexerciseissimplerthantheotherone.

exercise9-10Fillineachblankwiththecomparativeformofthebestadjectivefromthepreviouslist.

1.Itwasnoisylastnight,butnowitis__________________________.

2.Thelastproblemwascomplicated.Thisoneis__________________________.

3.Thestreetsinthattownare__________________________thantheavenuesinthecity.

4.Atfirsthewastooroughwiththepuppy,butnowheis__________________________.

5.Thefirstkingwascruel,andthisoneis__________________________.

6.Thislittlegirlhasababysisterwhois_____________________thansheis

Mostadjectivesthathavetwoormoresyllablesaremadestrongerbyplacingthewordmorebeforethem:

exercise9-11Writethecomparativeformofeachadjective.Somewillendin-er;otherswillhavemorebeforethem.

MakingAdjectivesWeaker

Alladjectivescanbemadeweakerbyplacingthewordsnotasbeforethem:

Thisappleisnotasgoodastheotherone.Thosedressesarenotasprettyasthese.Theseshoesarenotascomfortableasmyoldones.

Inacomparisonastrongeradjectiveisfollowedbythan;aweakeradjectiveisfollowedbyas:

Thisdeskissturdierthanthatone.Thatchairisnotascomfortableasthisone.

exercise9-12Ineachblank,maketheadjectiveinparenthesesstrongerorweaker,asappropriate.

1.Iboughtthisdressbecauseitwas(pretty)___________________________theothersintheshop.

2.Hetooktheshoesbacktothestorebecausetheywere(comfortable)________________________hisoldones.

3.Ididn’tgobacktothatrestaurantbecausethefoodwas(good)_______________________________Ihadexpected.

4.Westayedalongtimeattheparty,becauseitwas(good)_____________________________thelastone.

5.Thenewcarisnice,butit’s(big)___________________________________theoldone.

ExpressingSuperlativesSuperlativeadjectivesindicatethatanounhasmoreoftheadjective’squalitythantwoormoreothernouns:

Adjectivesthatendin-erinthecomparativeformendin-estinthesuperlativeform:

Thesuperlativeformsofgoodandbadareirregular:

exercise9-13Writethesuperlativeformofeachadjective.

exercise9-14ChoosefiveofthesuperlativesintheanswerstoExercise9-13todescribefivepeopleyouknow.

1.____________________________________________________

2.____________________________________________________

3.____________________________________________________

4.____________________________________________________

5.____________________________________________________

Adjectivesthatareprecededbymoreintheircomparativeformareprecededbymostintheirsuperlativeform:

exercise9-15Writethesuperlativeformofeachadjective.

exercise9-16ChoosefiveofthesuperlativesintheanswerstoExercise9-15todescribefivepeopleyouknoworthingsyouhave.

1._______________________________________________________________

2._______________________________________________________________

3._______________________________________________________________

4._______________________________________________________________

5._______________________________________________________________

Unit10VerbsandNounsUsedasAdjectives

VerbsUsedasAdjectivesThepresentparticipleandthepastparticipleofsomeverbscanbeusedasadjectives.Thepresentparticipleistheformthatendsin-ing(seealsopage42):

Reviewthepresentparticiplesinthefollowinglist:

Theseadjectivesdescribeapersonorthingthat“performstheactionoftheverb.”

exercise10-1Selectthewordthatbestcompleteseachsentence:

1.Weleftthemoviebeforeitendedbecauseitwas_____________________.caringcaptivatingboringexciting

2.Themathtestwastoohardforme;Ithoughtthewordproblemswerevery_________________________.frustratingexcitingboringsatisfying

3.Idon’tlikehorrormoviesbecausetheyare_________________________.interestingterrifyinginspiringgratifying

4.Helpingotherpeopleisextremely___________________________.threateningconfusinggratifyingterrifying

5.Thatnovelhasalotofdifferentstorieshappeningatthesametime;itisvery________________________________.caringterrifyingsurprisingconfusing.

6.Thecircustrapezeartistperformedalotofdangerousstunts.Hewasa___________________________________________youngman.daringconfusingfrustratingthreatening

Thepastparticipleoftheverbcanalsobeusedasanadjective.Thisistheverbformthatoftenendsin-edor-en.Therearealsoquiteafewirregularpastparticiplesthathavedifferentendings.(Seepage144.)Followingareexamplesofpastparticiplesthatarecommonlyusedasadjectives:

Sheisexcitedabouthertrip.Thetoyisbroken.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.Thechildislost.

Reviewthepastparticiplesinthefollowinglist:

exercise10-2Chooseappropriatewordsfromthepreviouslisttofillintheblanks.

1.Sheneededglassestoreadthe________________________________________words.

2.Hecouldn’thearthe___________________________________________________words.

3.Policedetectivesaresearchingforthe_______________________________________painting.

4.Itisverydangeroustodriveifyouare_________________________________________.

5.Shelivesalonenow,asherchildrenareall______________________________________________.

6.The_______________________________soldiersweretakentoahospital.

7.______________________________________fabricissturdierthanknittedfabric.

8.Heusedhis_______________________________T-shirtforarag.

9.Thepeoplecouldnotreadthatbookbecauseitwasontheking’slistof_________________________books.

10.Ournewneighbordoesn’ttalkverymuch;sheisshyand______________________.

Often,thepresentparticipleadjectivedefinesthecauseofsomething.Thepastparticipleadjectivedefinesthepersonaffected:

exercise10-3Selectthepresentparticipleadjectiveorthepastparticipleadjective,dependingonwhichbestcompleteseachsentence.

1.Wethoughtthemoviewasfascinating/fascinated.

2.Thechildrenwerenotveryinteresting/interestedinthestory.

3.Thatisverysurprising/surprisednews.

4.Ithoughtthequestionswereconfusing/confused.

5.Thatmoviewassoscary,Iwasreallyterrifying/terrified.

6.Whenthebandarrived,wewereveryexciting/excited.

7.Myfriendwascaptivating/captivatedbythatnovel.

8.Thatstorehasalotofsatisfying/satisfiedcustomers.

9.Waitinginlinecanbeveryfrustrating/frustrated.

10.Wewereinspiring/inspiredbyourleader’sspeech.

NounsUsedasAdjectivesCertainnounscanbeusedasadjectivestotellwhatthenoundescribedismadeof:

exercise10-4Writedefinitionsforthefollowingitems.

1.agoldnecklace______________________________________________

2.ametalhook______________________________________________

3.aplastictray______________________________________________

4.asilverbracelet________________________________________

5.anoakfloor__________________________________________

6.awickerbasket_______________________________________

7.adirtroad________________________________________

8.asilkblouse__________________________________________

9.awoolskirt______________________________________

10.acottonblanket______________________________________

Certainnounscanbeusedasadjectivestotellwhatthenoundescribedismeanttocontain.Insomecasesthetwowordsarewrittentogetherasoneword:

exercise10-5Writedefinitionsforthefollowingitems.

1.ajewelrybox_______________________________________

2.anashtray________________________________________

3.atrashcan______________________________________

4.apictureframe__________________________________________

5.afloursack_______________________________________________

6.akeyring_________________________________________________

7.agrocerybag________________________________________________

8.aglovecompartment_______________________________________

9.alunchbox__________________________________________

10.agarbagepail____________________________________

Certainnounscanbeusedasadjectivestotellthepurposeofthenoundescribed:Apotatopeelerisusedforpeelingpotatoes.Adishwasherisusedforwashingdishes.

exercise10-6Writewhateachofthefollowingisusedfor.

1.anutcracker__________________________________________

2.acanopener_______________________________________________

3.afireextinguisher______________________________________

4.aCDplayer____________________________________________

5.anicepick__________________________________________

6.ahairdryer_____________________________________________

7.nailpolishremover_________________________________________

8.apencilsharpener______________________________________

9.spotremover__________________________________________

10.afloorpolisher__________________________________________

Certainnounscanbeusedasadjectivestotellwhatissoldinthetypeofstoredescribed:

exercise10-7Writefiveothertypesofstoresorshops.

1._________________________________________________________

2._________________________________________________________

3._________________________________________________________

4._________________________________________________________

5._________________________________________________________

Certainnounsdefineothernounsbytheirtype:

exercise10-8Writethenamesoftheitemsdescribed.

Someadjectivesareformedbyaddingthesuffix-edtoanoun.Theseadjectivesoftenfollowanotherdescriptiveadjectivetowhichitiscloseduporconnectedbyahyphen:

Reviewthefollowingnoun+-edadjectives:

exercise10-9Circlethemostappropriateadjectivetofillineachblank.

1.Wedidn’twanttodobusinesswithhimbecausehewasso___________________.evenhandedhardheadedsure-footed

2.Iwasn’tworriedonthehikebecauseourleaderwas______________________.hard-nosedsure-footedlong-winded

3.Hegotthejobdoneefficientlybecauseofhis_________________________________approach.single-mindedlong-windedhotheaded

4.Themeetingwentonforhoursbecauseoftoomany___________________________speakers.sure-footedsingle-mindedlong-winded

5.Theschoolprincipaltreatsallcasesequally;sheisvery____________________________.evenhandedsingle-mindedhard-nosed

6.Trynottomakehimangry.He’sso_________________________________hemightmakeascene.single-mindedsure-footedhotheaded

CompoundAdjectives

Anounconnectedtoitsmodifiersbyhyphenscanbeusedasanadjective.Thenounisusedinsingularform,eventhoughitismodifiedbyapluralmarker:

exercise10-10Writedefinitionsforthefollowing.

1.afive-yearplan____________________________

2.athree-yearwarranty____________________________

3.alifetimeguarantee____________________________

4.aten-minutediscussion____________________________

5.athree-poundweight____________________________

6.atwo-weekvacation____________________________

7.atwo-yearcontract____________________________

8.anall-daymeeting____________________________

9.anall-nightparty____________________________

10.aneverydayoccurrence____________________________


Whentwoorthreeadjectivesareusedtogether,theyareusuallyinthefollowingorder:

1.quality

2.condition

3.size

4.age

5.shape

6.color

7.origin

8.material

9.type

exercise11-1Rewritetheadjectivesinthecorrectordertodescribetheindicatednouns.

1.skirt:silk,long,black________________________

2.shoes:leather,Italian,new________________________

3.earrings:silver,beautiful,Mexican________________________

4.cake:birthday,rich,three-layer________________________

5.mirror:heavy,antique,round________________________

exercise11-2

Describefiveofyourfavoritethings,usingtwoorthreedescriptiveadjectivesforeachone.

1.______________________________________________________________

2.______________________________________________________________

3.______________________________________________________________

4.______________________________________________________________

5.______________________________________________________________

PARTIIIVERBS

Verbsarethewonderfulwordsthatgivelifetolanguage.

Themostcommonverb,be,forexample,allowsustotellwhoorwhatexistsintheworld,andalsowhen,where,how,andwhyitexists.Inaddition,justbychangingtheformoftheverb,wecantellaboutwhatexistedinthepastandwhatwillexistinthefuture,pluswhatwewishexistedorwhatwewoulddoifsomethingexisted.TheverbbeisusedinadifferentmannerfromallotherEnglishverbs—ithasdifferentformsanddifferentpatterns.Allotherverbsfollowasecondsetofpatterns,whichenableustotellfactsaboutpeople—whereandhowtheylive,whattheyhave,howtheylookandfeel,whattheylike,whattheythink,andwhattheydo;theyalsoenableustotellhowthingsworkandwhathappensintheworld.Andagain,withachangeinform,wecanputallthisinformationinthepastorthefuture,orwecanmakewishesandconjectures.

Verbsalsoenableustoaskandanswerquestions,givecommandsandsuggestions,acceptorrefuse,andrelateandcommunicate.

Yes,therearealotofirregularformsthathavetobememorized,buttheyareworththeeffort.Verbsareaboutlife.Livewellwithverbs!

Unit12TheVerbBe

Themostcommonverbisbe.Itisusedtoidentifyordescribeapersonorthing,ortotellitsorigin,state,orlocation.

ThePresentTenseofBe

exercise12-1Fillineachblankwiththeappropriateformofbeinthepresenttense.

1.Bill____________here.

2.JanetandMaryJane____________goodfriends.

3.Emily____________onvacation.

4.BettyandI____________teachers.

5.You____________agoodstudent.

6.I_____________nottired.

exercise12-2Answereachofthefollowingquestionsinacompletesentenceusingtheverbbe.

1.Whatisyourname?_____________________________________

2.Whereareyoufrom?_________________________________________

3.Whoareyourbestfriends?________________________________________

4.Whereareyourbestfriendsnow?_________________________________

5.Whatisinyourhand?____________________________________

6.Whatcolorisit?____________________________________

AskingQuestionswithBeQuestionswiththeverbbeareformedbyreversingthesubjectandtheverb:

exercise12-3Changethefollowingstatementstoquestions.

1.Heisherenow._____________________________________________________

2.Youarehappy._____________________________________________________

3.Iamsittingdown.______________________________________________

4.Heisaskingdirections.___________________________________________

5.Theyarebuildinganewhouse.__________________________________

6.Sheisturningleft.___________________________________

7.Heistakingphotographs.______________________________

8.Sheisridingabicycle._________________________________________

MakingBeNegativeSentenceswithbearemadenegativebyplacingnotaftertheconjugatedform:

Negativesareusuallycontracted:

exercise12-4MakeeachofthesentencesinExercise12-3negative.

1._______________________________________________________________

2._______________________________________________________________

3._______________________________________________________________

4._______________________________________________________________

5._______________________________________________________________

6._______________________________________________________________

7._______________________________________________________________

8._______________________________________________________________

ThePastTenseofBe

exercise12-5ChangetheanswersinExercise12-1tothepasttense.

1._______________________________________________________________

2._______________________________________________________________

3._______________________________________________________________

4._______________________________________________________________

5._______________________________________________________________

6._______________________________________________________________

exercise12-6Answereachquestioninacompletesentenceusingthepasttenseofbe.

1.Wherewereyouyesterdayat4:00?______________________________

2.Whowaswithyou?______________________________

3.Wereyouindoorsoroutdoors?________________________________

4.Howwastheweather?________________________________

5.Werethereotherpeoplethere?____________________________

Unit13Non–ToBeVerbs

Reviewthewordsinthefollowinglistthathavemeaningssimilartobe:appearbecomefeellooklooklikeresembleseemsmellsound

RegularPresentTenseFormsofVerbsOtherthanBeThebasicverbisusedwithI,you,we,andthey:

Thebasicverb+thesuffix-sisusedwithhe,she,andit:Helooksgood.Shelooksbetter.Itlooksdirty.

exercise13-1Matchthesentencesintheleftcolumnwiththoseintherightcolumn.

exercise13-2Choosethewordthatbestcompleteseachsentence.

1.Themusicbecomes/soundsgreat.

2.Thegirlsresemble/appeartired.

3.Wefeel/smelltired.

4.Theflowersbecome/smellwonderful.

5.Heseems/resemblesangry.

6.Sheseems/resembleshermother.

SpellingChangesinHe/She/ItForms

Theverbsgoanddoadd-es:Hegoes.Shedoes.

Verbsthatendin-chor-shadd-es:Hewatches.Shewashes.

Verbsthatendin-ychangetheytoiandadd-es:Hecries.Shetries.

Thehe/she/itformoftheverbhaveishas:Hehasacold.Shehastheflu.

exercise13-3Writethepresenttensehe/she/itformsofthefollowingverbs.

RegularPastTenseFormsThepasttenseofmostverbsisformedbyaddingthesuffix-edtothebasicverb:

ThesameformisusedforI,you,he,she,it,we,andthey:

Theyappearedtired.Shelookedpretty.Heseemednice.Itsoundedgood.

exercise13-4Writethepasttenseformsofthefollowingverbs.

SpellingChangesinPastTenseForms

Verbsthatendin-eadd-d:

One-syllableverbsthatendinavowel+aconsonantrepeattheconsonantandadd-ed.(Manyverbsthatendinavowel+aconsonantareirregular.Seepage119.)

Verbsthatendin-ychangetheytoiandadd-ed:


VerbsThatDescribeUsualActivitiesReviewtheverbsinthefollowinglist:

exercise13-6

Writethepasttenseformofeachofthefollowingverbs.

TellingHowOftenanActivityIsPerformed

never<rarely/seldom<sometimes<often<alot<everyday<always

exercise13-7Choosetenactivitiesfromthepreviouslist,andwriteasentenceforeachthattellshowoftenyoudoeachactivity.Usethepresenttense.

1.____________________________________________________________.

2.____________________________________________________________.

3.____________________________________________________________.

4.____________________________________________________________.

5.____________________________________________________________.

6.____________________________________________________________.

7.____________________________________________________________.

8.____________________________________________________________.

9.____________________________________________________________.

10.__________________________________________________________.

MoreDailyActivities

Reviewtheverbsinthefollowinglist:

exercise13-8Choosetenverbsfromthepreviouslistandtellhowoftenyouperformeachactivity.Usecompletesentences.

1.__________________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________________

3.________________________________________________________________________

4.__________________________________________________________________

5.__________________________________________________________________

6.__________________________________________________________________

7.__________________________________________________________________

8.__________________________________________________________________

9.__________________________________________________________________

10.________________________________________________________________

IrregularPastTenseFormsAlloftheverbsinthepreviouslisthaveirregularpasttenseforms.Thepasttenseformislistedaftertheslash(/):

come/came

drink/drankdrive/droveeat/ateget/gotgo/wentlie/laymake/madeput/putread/readride/rodesit/satsleep/sleptstand/stoodtake/tookthink/thoughtwake/woke

exercise13-9Usingverbsfromthepreviouslistinthepasttense,writetensentencesthattellwhatyoudidyesterday.

1.___________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________

3.___________________________________________________________

4.___________________________________________________________

5.___________________________________________________________

6.___________________________________________________________

7.___________________________________________________________

8.___________________________________________________________

9.___________________________________________________________

10.___________________________________________________________

VerbsUsedforHouseholdActivitiesReviewtheverbsinthefollowinglist.Ifthepasttenseformisirregular,itisindicatedfollowingtheslash(/):

exercise13-10Fillintheblanksusingthepresenttenseoftheverbsinparentheses.

1.John(make)_____________repairs.

2.I(water)______________theplants.

3.Myfriends(clean)__________thehouse.

4.MaryandJack(vacuum)____________.

5.Mydad(pay)____________thebills.

TellingWhenanActivityIsPerformed

inthemorningintheafternoonintheeveninginthefallinthespringinthesummerinthewinter

atnightat1:00at2:15at3:30at4:45at5:55at7:10

onMondaysonTuesdaysonWednesdaysonThursdays

onFridaysonSaturdaysonSundays

onholidaysonmybirthdayonthefirstdayofthemonthonthetenthofJuneonweekends

inJanuaryinFebruaryinMarchinAprilinMayinJuneinJulyinAugustinSeptemberinOctoberinNovemberinDecember

everydayeverymontheverynighteveryweek

exercise13-11Completeeachsentencebytellingwhenthepersonindicateddoestheactivityinparentheses.

1.I(rest)__________________________________________________________.

2.Mybestfriend(exercise)__________________________________________________________.

3.Myneighbors(walk)__________________________________________________________.

4.MyfriendsandI(eattogether)__________________________________________________________.

5.I(callmyfriends)__________________________________________________________.

exercise13-12

Completeeachsentencebytellingwhichactivitiesyouusuallyperformatthetimesindicated.

1.OnMondays__________________________________________________________.

2.Inthesummer__________________________________________________________.

3.Onweekends__________________________________________________________.

4.Inthemorning__________________________________________________________.

5.Everyday__________________________________________________________.

exercise13-13Fillineachblankwiththemostappropriateverbfromthelistofhouseholdactivities.

1.Sheusesabroomto__________________________________________________________.

2.Itakethecarto__________________________________________________________.

3.Iusetheironto__________________________________________________________.

4.Heusesthetelephoneto__________________________________________________________.

5.Weuseawetragto__________________________________________________________.

6.Hetakesouthischeckbookto__________________________________________________________.

7.Heusesascrewdriverto__________________________________________________________.

8.Theygooutsideto__________________________________________________________.

9.Weneedawasheranddryerto__________________________________________________________.

10.Iuseadryclothto__________________________________________________________.

exercise13-14Writefivesentencesthattellwhichoftheactivitiesonthehouseholdactivitieslistyouusuallydidwhenyouwereachild.Writetheverbsinthepasttense.

1.__________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________

3.__________________________________________________________

4.__________________________________________________________

5.__________________________________________________________

VerbsUsedinaClassroomReviewtheverbsinthefollowinglist.Irregularpasttenseformsareindicatedaftertheslash(/):


exercise13-16Fillineachblankwiththepasttenseoftheverbindicated.

1.Mymother(teach)_____________metoreadandwrite.

2.He(write)______________herane-maillastweek.

3.I(understand)____________today’slesson.

4.We(take)___________ahardtestthismorning.

5.You(make)_____________onlyonemistake.

6.They(do)____________alloftheexercises.

7.They(draw)_____________picturesinclass.

8.MyfriendandI(take)____________turnswiththecomputer.

9.She(read)_____________usawonderfulstory.

10.Ihopeyou(pay)____________attention.

MakingVerbsNegativeInthepresenttense,allverbsexceptbearemadenegativebyplacingdonotordoesnotbeforethem.DonotisusedforI,you,we,andthey.Itisoftencontractedtodon’t.Doesnotisusedwithhe,she,andit.Itisoftencontractedtodoesn’t.

exercise13-17Rewritethefollowingsentences,makingthemnegativeandusingthecontractedform.

1.Hegetsupat6:00.

____________________________________________________________________

2.Theyeatbreakfasttogethereverymorning.

____________________________________________________________________

3.Shedreamsduringtheday.

____________________________________________________________________

4.Webuygrocerieseveryweek.

____________________________________________________________________

5.Ilaughalot.

____________________________________________________________________

Inthepasttense,verbsaremadenegativebyplacingdidnotbeforethem.Didnotisoftencontractedtodidn’t:

exercise13-18MakethesentencesinExercise13-16negative.

1.________________________________________________________________________________

2.________________________________________________________________________________

3.________________________________________________________________________________

4.________________________________________________________________________________

5.________________________________________________________________________________

6.________________________________________________________________________________

7.________________________________________________________________________________

8.________________________________________________________________________________

9.________________________________________________________________________________

10.________________________________________________________________________________

ActivitiesThatAreOftenPerformedinanOfficeReviewtheverbsinthefollowinglist.Irregularpasttenseformsareindicatedaftertheslash(/):

exercise13-19Usingtheverbsinthepreviouslist,writefivesentencesthattellwhatyoudoordon’tdoatworkorinanofficeathome.Usethepresenttense.

1.________________________________________________________________________________

2.________________________________________________________________________________

3.________________________________________________________________________________

4.________________________________________________________________________________

5.________________________________________________________________________________

exercise13-20ChangethesentencesinExercise13-19tothepasttense.

1.________________________________________________________________________________

2.________________________________________________________________________________

3.________________________________________________________________________________

4.________________________________________________________________________________

5.________________________________________________________________________________

AskingQuestionsAyes-or-noquestioninthepresenttenseisformedasfollows:

do/does+subject+verbDoisusedwithI,you,we,andthey:

Doesisusedwithhe,she,andit:Doesshegotothisschool?Doeshecorrecthiswork?Doesthecomputerwork?

exercise13-21Writeyes-or-noquestionsinthepresenttenseusingtheverbsandformsindicated.Besuretowriteaquestionmarkattheendofeachquestion.

1.writee-mail(you)________________________________________________

2.searchtheInternet(he)________________________________________________

3.usethecomputer(she)________________________________________________

4.attendmeetings(youall)________________________________________________

5.answerthetelephone(they)________________________________________________

6.takecoffeebreaks(we)________________________________________________

QuestionWords


whowhatwhenwherewhyhowhowmuch

Aninformationquestionisformedasfollows:questionword+do/does+subject+basicverbWhodoyoulike?Whatdoeshedo?Whendowetakeourcoffeebreak?Wheredoyouallgoafterwork?Whydotheyhavesomanymeetings?HowdoIturnonthiscomputer?Howmuchtimedoyouhave?

Questionswithwhoandwhatdonotusedoifthequestionisaboutthesubject.Iftheansweristhesubject,itisformedasfollows:

exercise13-22Writeaninformationquestionforeachofthefollowinganswers.Askthequestionthattheitalicizedwordsanswer.

1.Thetelephonelistsgointhatfile.

_____________________________________________________________________

2.Maryanswersthetelephone.

_____________________________________________________________________

3.YousearchtheInternetinthemorning.

_____________________________________________________________________

4.Wesendfaxestothemainoffice.

_____________________________________________________________________

5.Theywritethereportsonthecomputer.

_____________________________________________________________________

AskingQuestionsinthePastTense

Yes-or-noquestionsinthepasttenseareformedasfollows:

did+subject+basicverbDidIdothiscorrectly?Didyoufillouttheforms?Didhetakethetest?Didtheysendyouafax?

Informationquestionsinthepasttenseareformedasfollows:

questionword+did+subject+basicverbWheredidyoueatlunch?Whendidshegoonvacation?

Questionswithwhoandwhatdonotusedidifthequestionisaboutthesubject.Iftheansweristhesubject,itisformedasfollows:

exercise13-23Writeayes-or-noquestionforeachofthefollowinganswers.

EXAMPLE:Iwrotealettertoday.Didyouwritealettertoday?

1.Theytookalongcoffeebreak.

_____________________________________________________________

2.Shedidn’tanswerthetelephone.

_____________________________________________________________

3.Marywrotethesee-mails.

_____________________________________________________________

4.IsearchedtheInternetthisafternoon.

_____________________________________________________________

5.Johnorganizedallmyfiles.

_____________________________________________________________

exercise13-24Writeaninformationquestionforeachofthefollowinganswers.Thequestionsshouldaskwhattheitalicizedwordsanswer.

1.Iwrotealettertoday.

_____________________________________________________________

2.Heworkedyesterday.

_____________________________________________________________

3.Johncalledmelastnight.

_____________________________________________________________

4.WeateathomeonMondaynight.

_____________________________________________________________

5.Shewenthomeonthebus.

_____________________________________________________________

VerbsUsedforShoppingReviewtheverbsinthefollowinglist.Irregularpasttenseformsareindicatedaftertheslash(/):

exercise13-25Usingverbsfromthepreviouslist,writefivesentencesthattellwhatyoudowhenyoushopatyourfavoritestore.

1.______________________________________________________________________

2.______________________________________________________________________

3.______________________________________________________________________

4.______________________________________________________________________

5.______________________________________________________________________


1.______________________________________________________________________

2.______________________________________________________________________

3.______________________________________________________________________

4.______________________________________________________________________

5.______________________________________________________________________

exercise13-27Usingpasttenseversionsoftheverbsfromthepreviouslist,writefivesentencesthattellwhatyoudidthelasttimeyouwentshopping.

1.______________________________________________________________________

2.______________________________________________________________________

3.______________________________________________________________________

4.______________________________________________________________________

5.______________________________________________________________________


1.______________________________________________________________________

2.______________________________________________________________________

3.______________________________________________________________________

4.______________________________________________________________________

5.______________________________________________________________________

exercise13-29Writeyes-or-noquestionsforthefollowinganswers.Usepresenttenseverbs.

1.Yes,Ireturnclothesthatdon’tfit.

_____________________________________________________________

2.No,shedoesn’talwaysusehercreditcard.

_____________________________________________________________

3.Yes,shelikeshernewshoes.

_____________________________________________________________

4.No,wedon’twanttheseshirts.

_____________________________________________________________

5.No,hedoesn’tliketogoshopping.

_____________________________________________________________

exercise13-30Writeyes-or-noquestionsforthefollowinganswers.Usepasttenseverbs.

1.Yes,sheboughtanewdress.

_____________________________________________________________

2.Yes,heforgottogivemeareceipt.

_____________________________________________________________

3.No,wedidn’ttryonalotofclothes.

_____________________________________________________________

4.Yes,shewentshoppingyesterday.

_____________________________________________________________

5.No,Ididn’tbuyanything.

_____________________________________________________________

exercise13-31Writeinformationquestionsforthefollowinganswers.Askthequestionthattheitalicizedwordsanswer.(Becareful!Somesentencesareinthepresenttenseandothersareinthepast.)

1.Shealwaysgetsabargain.

_____________________________________________________________

2.Wewaitedinlineforthirtyminutes.

_____________________________________________________________

3.Theyspentalotofmoneyatthatstore.

_____________________________________________________________

4.Healwaysthanksthesalesclerk.

_____________________________________________________________

5.Iwrotethecheckyesterday.

_____________________________________________________________

6.Itcostahundreddollars.

_____________________________________________________________

VerbsUsedinaBankReviewtheverbsinthefollowinglist.Irregularpasttenseformsareindicatedaftertheslash(/):

exercise13-32Circlethemostappropriatewordstocompleteeachsentence.

1.IhadtoorderchecksbecauseI___________________________earnedinterestlostmycheckbookgotanATMcard

2.Shewasinahurry,soshe_________________________.droveuptothedrive-upwindowwaitedinlineorderedchecks

3.Webroughtcashbecausewewantedto______________________.applyforaloanlosemoneymakeadeposit

4.IusedmyATMcardto____________________________.speaktotheloanofficeropenanaccountwithdrawcash

5.Agoodwaytosavemoneyisto___________________________.orderchecksgetaPINbuyaCD

exercise13-33Makethefollowingsentencesnegative.Payattentiontotheverbtenses.

1.Theyclosedtheiraccount.

_____________________________________________________________

2.Thisaccountearnsinterest.

_____________________________________________________________

3.IgotanewPIN.

_____________________________________________________________

4.Hewithdrewcash.

_____________________________________________________________

5.Shemakesadepositeveryweek.

_____________________________________________________________

exercise13-34Writeaquestionforeachofthefollowinganswers.Askthequestionthattheitalicizedwordsanswer.Payattentiontotheverbtenses.

1.Yes,Ipaidaninstallmentlastmonth.

_____________________________________________________________

2.Yes,wewanttoopenanaccount.

_____________________________________________________________

3.SheboughtaCDlastweek.

_____________________________________________________________

4.Heappliedforaloan.

_____________________________________________________________

5.Theywithdrawcash.

_____________________________________________________________

exercise13-35Writefivethingsyoudidatabankthisyear.

1._____________________________________________________________

2._____________________________________________________________

3._____________________________________________________________

4._____________________________________________________________

5._____________________________________________________________

UsingthePresentProgressiveTenseThepresentprogressivetenseisusedtotellthatanactivityisbeingperformednow.Thefollowingexpressionsareusedwiththepresentprogressivetensetomeannow:

atpresentcurrentlythisweekthismonththisyear

Thepresentprogressivetenseisformedbyconjugatingbeandaddingthepresentparticiple.Thepresentparticipleisthebasicverb+thesuffix-ing:

•Verbsthatendin-edroptheeandadd-ing:

•Verbsthatendin-iechangetheietoyandadd-ing:

•Verbsthatendinavowel+consonantdoubletheconsonantandadd-ing:

Thepresentprogressivetenseisalsousedtodescribeanactivitythatisplannedforthenearfuture.Thefollowingexpressionsareusedwiththepresentprogressivetensetotellthetimeofaplannedactivity:

exercise13-36Changethefollowingsentencesfromthepresenttensetothepresentprogressivetense.

EXAMPLE:Isitdown.Iamsittingdown.

1.Hecashesacheck.

_____________________________________________________________

2.Iwithdrawmoney.

_____________________________________________________________

3.Theyopenanaccount.

_____________________________________________________________

4.Weapplyforaloan.

_____________________________________________________________

5.Theinvestmentearnsinterest.

_____________________________________________________________

6.ShegetscashfromtheATM.

_____________________________________________________________

7.Isavemoney.

_____________________________________________________________

8.Hepaysaninstallmentonhisloan.

_____________________________________________________________

exercise13-37Writefivesentencesthattellaboutactivitiesyouhaveplannedforthecomingweek.Usethepresentprogressivetense.

1._____________________________________________________________

2._____________________________________________________________

3._____________________________________________________________

4._____________________________________________________________

5._____________________________________________________________

VerbsUsedforOutdoorActivitiesReviewtheverbsinthefollowinglist.Irregularpasttenseformsareindicatedaftertheslash(/):

exercise13-38Fillineachblankwithanactivityfromthepreviouslistthatbestcompletesthesentence.

1.Inever_____________________________________________________________

2.Mybestfriendalways________________________________________________________

3.AlotofpeoplewhereIlive_____________________________________________________________onSundays.

4.Iliketo_____________________________________________________________everyday.

5.SometimesinthesummermyfriendsandI__________________________________________________

exercise13-39Writeaquestionforeachofthefollowinganswers.Askthequestionthattheitalicizedwordsanswer.

1.Wehadapicnicinthepark.

_____________________________________________________________

2.Theygetoffthebushere.

_____________________________________________________________

3.Yes,hetookalotofphotographs.

_____________________________________________________________

4.Yes,shelayinthesunforanhour.

_____________________________________________________________

5.Healwaysbuysanicecream.

_____________________________________________________________

exercise13-40Makeeachofthefollowingsentencesnegative.Usethepresenttense.

1.Sheasksdirections._____________________________________________________________

2.Weturnlefthere._____________________________________________________________

3.Hedrivesacar._____________________________________________________________

4.Theygetlost._____________________________________________________________

5.Igojogging._____________________________________________________________

exercise13-41Makeeachofthefollowingsentencesnegative.Usethepasttense.

1.Wesawanaccident._____________________________________________________________

2.Theyhadapicnic._____________________________________________________________

3.Hegotonthebus._____________________________________________________________

4.Youturnedright._____________________________________________________________

5.Shegotoutofthecar._____________________________________________________________

exercise13-42Writeintheirregularpasttenseformsofthefollowingverbs.

VerbsUsedforActivitiesinPublicPlacesReviewtheverbsinthefollowinglist.Irregularpasttenseformsareindicatedaftertheslash(/):

exercise13-43Changeeachsentencefromthepasttensetothepresentprogressivetense.

1.Hegotofftheelevator.

_____________________________________________________________

2.Weorderedourmeal.

_____________________________________________________________

3.Shepaidthewaiter.

_____________________________________________________________

4.Weleftthestation.

_____________________________________________________________

5.Theywentthroughtherevolvingdoors.

_____________________________________________________________

exercise13-44Makethefollowingsentencesnegative.

1.Heisleavingthebuilding.

_____________________________________________________________

2.Sheisenjoyinghermeal.

_____________________________________________________________

3.Theyareridingontheescalator.

_____________________________________________________________

4.Iamlookingatthemenu.

_____________________________________________________________

5.He’stalkingonhiscellphone.

_____________________________________________________________

exercise13-45MakeaquestionforeachofthesentencesinExercise13-44.

1._____________________________________________________________

2._____________________________________________________________

3._____________________________________________________________

4._____________________________________________________________

5._____________________________________________________________

UsingthePresentPerfectTenseTheverbhaveisusedwiththepastparticipletomakethepresentperfecttense:

Theregularpastparticiplesarethesameasthepasttenseforms:

exercise13-46ChangethesentencesinExercise13-40tothepresentperfecttense.

1._____________________________________________________________

2._____________________________________________________________

3._____________________________________________________________

4._____________________________________________________________

5._____________________________________________________________

Verbsthatareirregularinthepasttenseusuallyhaveanirregularpastparticiple.Comparetheverbformsinthefollowinglist.Thesearepastparticiplesoftheirregularverbsyouhavealreadypracticed.

exercise13-47Fillintheblankspaceswiththemissingforms.

Onefunctionofthepresentperfecttenseistotellthatyouareinthemiddleofalistofplannedactivities,theonesthatarealreadycompletedandtheonesthataren’tcompletedyet:

Thenegativeformsareacontractionofhaveorhasandnot:

exercise13-48Changethefollowingsentencesfromthepasttensetothepresentperfecttense.

1.Ididn’teatdinner.

_____________________________________________________________

2.Shedidn’tleavethestation.

_____________________________________________________________

3.Wedidn’tlookatthemenu.

_____________________________________________________________

4.Hedidn’torderhislunch.

_____________________________________________________________

5.Shepaidthewaiter.

_____________________________________________________________

6.Wedidn’tbuyanythingfromastreetvendor.

_____________________________________________________________

7.Iaskedforthecheck.

_____________________________________________________________

VerbsUsedforLeisureActivitiesReviewtheverbsinthefollowinglist.Irregularpasttenseformsappearafterthefirstslash(/);irregularpastparticiplesappearafterthesecondslash:

exercise13-49Changethesentencesfromthepresenttensetothepresentprogressivetense.

1.Thegamebegins.___________________________________________________________

2.Heswims.___________________________________________________________

3.Theywin.___________________________________________________________

4.Shethrowstheball.___________________________________________________________

5.Wesingtogether.___________________________________________________________

6.Igotothemovies.___________________________________________________________

exercise13-50Writeayes-or-noquestionforeachofyouranswerstoExercise13-49.

1.___________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________

3.___________________________________________________________

4.___________________________________________________________

5.___________________________________________________________

6.___________________________________________________________

exercise13-51Makethefollowingsentencesnegative.

1.Hehashittheball.___________________________________________________________

2.Ihaveseenthatmovie.___________________________________________________________

3.Shehashadlunchwithhim.___________________________________________________________

4.Wehavesungthatsong.___________________________________________________________

5.Theyhavedancedtogetherbefore.___________________________________________________________

AskingQuestionswithHave

Questionsinthepresentperfecttenseputhaveorhasbetweenthesubjectofthesentenceandthepastparticiple:

exercise13-52Writeyes-or-noquestionsforthesentencesinExercise13-51.

1.___________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________

3.___________________________________________________________

4.___________________________________________________________

5.___________________________________________________________

exercise13-53Choosefiveitemsfromthelistofleisureactivitiesandwriteasentenceforeach,tellingwhetheryouhaveorhaven’tdonethatactivitythismonth.

1.___________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________

3.___________________________________________________________

4.___________________________________________________________

5.___________________________________________________________

exercise13-54Choosefiveitemsfromthelistofleisureactivitiesthatyouareplanningtodo,andwriteasentenceforeachinthepresentprogressivetense,tellingwhenyouplantodoit.

1.___________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________

3.___________________________________________________________

4.___________________________________________________________

5.___________________________________________________________

VerbsUsedforCookingReviewtheverbsinthefollowinglist.Irregularpasttenseformsareindicatedafterthefirstslash(/);irregularpastparticiplesareindicatedafterthesecondslash:

exercise13-55Writethenumber1nexttoeachactivitybelowthatinvolvespreparationbeforecooking.Writethenumber2nexttoeachactivitythatinvolvescooking.Writethenumber3nexttoeachactivitythatoccursbeforeserving

1.__________arrange

2.__________bake

3.___________breakanegg

4.___________decorate

5.___________fry

6.____________garnish

7.____________iceacake

8.____________marinate

9.___________mix

10.___________process

11._____________sauté

12.____________simmer

exercise13-56Changethefollowingsentencesfromthepresenttensetothepasttense.

1.Iaddtomatoestothesauce.

_____________________________________________________________

2.Sheicesanddecoratesthecakesinthemorning.

_____________________________________________________________

3.Hewhipsthecream.

_____________________________________________________________

4.Theycookforalotofpeople.

_____________________________________________________________

5.Wegrillthefishoutside.

_____________________________________________________________

exercise13-57Writeayes-or-noquestionforeachofyouranswerstoExercise13-56.

1.___________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________

3.___________________________________________________________

4.___________________________________________________________

5.___________________________________________________________

exercise13-58Changethefollowingsentencesfromthepasttensetothepresentperfecttense.

1.Webarbecuedthechicken.

_____________________________________________________________

2.Sheremovedthepanfromtheoven.

_____________________________________________________________

3.Hearrangedthesaladontheplates.

_____________________________________________________________

4.Ipeeledthepotatoes.

_____________________________________________________________

5.Theyspreadbutteronthebread.

_____________________________________________________________

GivingDirectionsThebasicverbisusedtogivecommands:

Negativecommandsareformedbyaddingdon’tbeforetheverb:

exercise13-59Circletheverbsthatbestcompletethesentencestoforminstructionsinthekitchen.

1._________________thetomatoes.IceBreakSliceWhip

2._________________thecake.BarbecueIceFryStrain

3._________________thepanfromtheoven.RemoveChopSpreadChill

4.__________________butteronthebread.SpreadBoilBakePeel

5.__________________thechampagne.DiceWhipChillBoil

6.________________________theeggsintothebowl.BarbecueFreezeIceBreak

7.______________________aloafofbread.BeatBoilBakePeel

8.______________________waterforthetea.BoilFrySautéDecorate

exercise13-60ChangetheverbsinExercise13-59tothepresentprogressivetensetowritecompletesentencesthattellwhatyouareinthemiddleofdoinginthekitchen.

1.___________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________

3.___________________________________________________________

4.___________________________________________________________

5.___________________________________________________________

6.___________________________________________________________

7.___________________________________________________________

8.___________________________________________________________

PARTIVADVERBS

Adverbsarethemechanicaltoolsinourvocabulary.Theyincludewordsthathelpusgivefactsaboutthestatesoractionsdescribedbyverbs.Adverbsenableustotellwhere,when,orhowoftensomethingexistsortakesplace.Forexample,“Thepartyishere.”“Thepartyistonight.”“Theyhaveapartyeverynight.”Adverbsenableustotellhowanactivityisdone,forexample,“Shedrivesverycarefully.”Adverbsareimportantforunderstandingandgivinginformationabouteventsandactivities.Beaccuratewithadverbs!

Unit14AdverbsofPlace,Time,andFrequency

AdverbsofPlaceCertainadverbsanswerthequestionWhere?Reviewtheadverbsinthefollowinglist:

exercise14-1Matcheachadverbintheleftcolumnwithitsoppositeintherightcolumn.

Anadverbofplaceaftertheverbbetellsthelocationofaperson,place,orthing:Wearehere.Thegirlsareinside.Springfieldisnearby.Thebooksareupstairs.

exercise14-2Writethenameofaperson,aplace,orathingthatisineachofthefollowinglocationsinrelationtowhereyouarenow.

Anadverbofplaceafteraverbofmovementindicateswhereapersonorthinggoes.

exercise14-3Fillineachblankwiththeadverbdescribed.

1.Iwanttogo(tothatplace)____________________________.

2.Pleasemoveyourcar(towhereIam)_________________________.

3.Let’sdrive(totheothersideoftown)____________________.

4.I’mgoing(totheinteriorofthehouse)_______________________.

5.She’s(notfaraway)____________________________

6.Heclimbed(tothetopoftheladder)______________________________.

7.Heran(tothefloorbelow)____________________

8.Shewalked(towherethefreshairis)____________________________.

UsingPrepositionalPhrasesasAdverbstoIndicateLocation

Reviewtheexpressionsinthefollowinglist:

exercise14-4Fillineachblankwiththemostappropriateexpressionfromthepreviouslist.

1.Wedon’tliveinthecity;welive_________________________

2.Shevisitedafarmandrode_______________________________

3.Afriendofminedrivestowork_____________________________.

4.Helives___________________________ofthatbuilding.

5.Theyputthenewtable____________________

6.Shecommittedacrime,andnowsheis____________________.

7.Mycousinhadanoperationandisstill____________________.

8.Weputthegrillandtheoutdoorfurniture______________________.

9.Mydaughterisn’tathomenow;she’sstudying__________________.

10.Idon’tdrive,soIridetowork________________________.

LocationandDirection

exercise14-5Answerthefollowingquestionsusingwordsfromthelistofdirections.Usecompletesentences.

1.Wheredoyoulive?

______________________________________________________________________

2.WhereisyourhomeinrelationtoNewYork?

______________________________________________________________________

3.Whereareyougoingonyournextvacation?

______________________________________________________________________

4.Whereisthatinrelationtowhereyoulive?

______________________________________________________________________

5.WhereisMexico?

______________________________________________________________________

AdverbsofTime

CertainadverbsanswerthequestionWhen?Reviewtheadverbsinthefollowinglist:

exercise14-6Fillineachblankwithawordorexpressionfromthepreviouslist.

AssumethattodayisSunday,theseventhofAugust2005.Itis4:00P.M.

1.____________________________wasthesixthofAugust.

2._______________________________istheeighthofAugust.

3.Septemberis_____________________________.

4.Julywas___________________________

5.ThetwelfthofAugustis________________________________

6.February2006is_______________________

7.TheseventhofAugust1995was___________________________.

8.Iatebreakfast_________________________

9.Iwilleatdinner_______________________

10.Mybirthdayis___________________________

UsingPrepositionalPhrasesasAdverbstoIndicateTime

Reviewtheexpressionsinthefollowinglist:

exercise14-7Fillintheblankswiththemostappropriateexpressionfromthepreviouslist.

1.Itis3:00.Iamleavinginthirtyminutes.Iamleaving____________________.

2.ShehasclasseseveryMondaythroughFriday.Shehasclasses____________________.

3.IamgoingonvacationthemonthafterFebruary.Iamgoingonvacation________________.

4.Itis2005.Heisgoingtofinishschoolfiveyearsfromnow.Heisgoingtofinish____________________.

5.Wewillgotoworkafterwegetuptomorrow.Wewillgotowork______________.

RelativeTimes

beforeafterearlylate

Myappointmentisat3:00.Itisbefore4:00.TuesdayisbeforeWednesday.Igetoffworkat5:00.Itisafter4:00.ThursdayisafterWednesday.Classbeginsat6:00A.M.Itisearlyinthemorning.Igethomeat10:00P.M.Itislateintheevening.Classbeginsat9:00.Ifyoucomeat8:30,youareearly.Ifyoucomeat9:30,youarelate.

exercise14-8Matchtheexpressionsintheleftcolumnwiththoseintherightcolumn.

AdverbsofFrequency

CertainadverbscananswerthequestionHowoften?Reviewtheadverbsinthefollowinglist:

exercise14-9Answerthefollowingquestionsusingadverbsfromthepreviouslist.Puttheadverbbeforetheverb.Usecompletesentences.

1.Howoftendoyouridethemetro?

______________________________________________________________________

2.Howoftendoesyourbestfriendcallyouonthetelephone?

______________________________________________________________________

3.Howoftendoyousleepeighthoursanight?

______________________________________________________________________

4.Howoftendoyourneighborshaveparties?

______________________________________________________________________

Certainotherexpressionsindicatehowoftenanactivityisperformed.Theseexpressionsareplacedaftertheverb:allthetimeeverydayeverysooftenonceaweekthreetimesayeartwiceamonth

exercise14-10Answerthefollowingquestionsusingadverbsfromthepreviouslist.Usecompletesentences.

1.Whatdoyoudoeverysooften?

______________________________________________________________________

2.Howoftendoyousitdowntoeat?

______________________________________________________________________

3.Howoftendoyougoonvacation?

______________________________________________________________________

4.Whatdoyoudoeveryday?

______________________________________________________________________

5.Whatspecialoccasionhappensonceayear?

______________________________________________________________________

Unit15AdverbsofManner

Certainadverbsindicatehowanactionisperformed.

FormingAdverbsfromAdjectivesManyadverbsofmannerareformedbyadding-lytoanadjective:

Adverbsthatendin-ychangetheytoiandthenadd-ly:

Adverbsthatendin-icadd-ally:

Adverbsthatendin-bledroptheeandadd-y:

Certainadverbsarethesameasthecorrespondingadjective:

Theadverbforgoodiswell.

exercise15-1Writetheadverbsthatcorrespondtothefollowingadjectives.

exercise15-2Writetheadverbsthatcorrespondtothefollowingadjectives.

exercise15-3Circlethemostappropriateadverbtofillintheblank.

1.Hewentintotheburninghouseandsavedthechild.Heacted________________________.tragicallyeasilybravelysweetly

2.Shealwayscametoworkandcompletedherassignmentsontime.Sheacted______________________.responsiblyhumblygenerouslyeasily

3.Hesolvedallthemathproblemsrightaway.Hesolvedthem___________________________.easilynicelyslowlynervously

4.________________________,nobodywasinjuredintheaccident.SuccessfullyFortunatelyProudlySkillfully

5.Thatstoreisgreat;italwaysacceptsreturneditems_______________________________.selfishlyactivelycheaplycheerfully

6.Thecustomsagent__________________________examinedallthepackagessoasnottodoanydamage.noisilycarefullyaggressivelyenthusiastically

7.She________________________acceptedtheinvitation.tragicallytruthfullyimaginativelygladly

8.Hefailedthecoursebecausehispaperswerewrittenvery_________________________.badlycautiouslywellcapably

9.She’sanartist;everythingshedoesisdone______________________.bitterlycharminglycreativelyquietly

10.He’sawonderfulteacherwhoanswersallyourquestionsvery_____________________.aggressivelyactivelycheaplypatiently

exercise15-4Writeasentenceforeachoffivedifferentpeople,tellinghoweachoneperformsaparticularactivity.

EXAMPLE:MyfriendJimworksquickly.

1.__________________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________________

3.___________________________________________________________________

4.____________________________________________________________________

5.___________________________________________________________________

ComparingAdverbsAdverbsofmannercanbecomparedbyusingmore+adverb+than:

Hearguesmoreaggressivelythantheotherlawyer.Shewritesmorecreativelythantheotherstudents.

exercise15-5Writeasentenceforeachofthefollowingcomparisonsusngthecuesgiveninparentheses.

1.Johndrivesatfifty-fivemilesperhour.Marydrivesatsixty-fivemilesperhour.HowdoesJohndrive?(slowly)

________________________________________________________________

2.Susanmakesonlyafewmistakes.Janetmakesalotofmistakes.HowdoesSusanwork?(carefully)

________________________________________________________________

3.Davidmakesalotofnoisewhenheplays.Charlesdoesn’tmakenoise.HowdoesCharlesplay?(quietly)

________________________________________________________________

Certainadverbshavedifferentforms:

Anegativecomparisonismadebyusingnot+verb+as+adverb+as:Wedon’tplayasskillfullyastheotherteam.Shedoesn’tplaythepianoaswellasyou.Hedoesn’trunasfastashisbrother.

exercise15-6ComparetheactionsofeachofthepeopleyoudescribedinExercise15-4withthoseofanotherperson.

1.______________________________________________________________

2.______________________________________________________________

3.______________________________________________________________

4.______________________________________________________________

5.______________________________________________________________

exercise15-7LookatExercise15-5andanswerthefollowingquestionsusinganegativecomparison.

1.HowdoesMarydriveincomparisonwithJohn?

________________________________________________________________

2.HowdoesJanetworkincomparisonwithSusan?

________________________________________________________________

3.HowdoesDavidplayincomparisonwithCharles?

________________________________________________________________

exercise15-8Completethefollowingchartbywritingpositivecomparisonsforthenegativeexamplesandnegative

comparisonsforthepositiveones.

exercise15-9Writefivesentencesthattellwhatactivitiesyouperformathomeoratworkandhowyoudoeachone.

1._______________________________________________________________

2._______________________________________________________________

3._______________________________________________________________

4._______________________________________________________________

5._______________________________________________________________

exercise15-10ComparethewayyoudotheactivitiesyoudescribedinExercise15-9withthewaysomeoneelsedoesthem.

1._______________________________________________________________

2._______________________________________________________________

3._______________________________________________________________

4._______________________________________________________________

5._______________________________________________________________

Unit16AdverbsThatModify

AdverbsThatModifyVerbsCertainadverbstellhowintenselyanactionisperformed:

Theadverbshardly,scarcely,andreallyareplacedbeforetheverbtheymodify:Mycarhardlyruns.Shescarcelyvisitsus.Themachinereallyhelps.

exercise16-1Fillineachblankwiththeappropriateadverbofintensity.

1.Theirnewsportscarispowerful.It______________________moves.

2.Hisgrandmotherisinawheelchairbecauseshe______________________walks.

3.NowthathehasstudiedayearinMexico,he________________________understandsSpanish.

4.Hernewboyfriendissoquiet.He__________________________saidawordattheparty.

Theadverbsalittle,verylittle,wellenough,andwellareplacedaftertheverbtheymodify:Shesingsalittle.Heplayswellenough.Theydancewell.

exercise16-2Fillineachblankwiththeappropriateadverbofintensity.

1.Thenewemployeeisnotcreative,buthe’sresponsible.Heworks

______________________________.

2.Sheisagreatteacher.Sheisunderstanding,andsheexplainsthelessons

____________________________.

3.I’mnotanexpert,butIcandance__________________________.

4.Heisn’tagreatplayer,butheplays_______________________.

5.Theyareexcellentspeakers.Theyspeak__________________________.

exercise16-3Answereachofthefollowingquestionsinacompletesentence.

1.Whatdoyouhardlydoatall?

________________________________________________________________

2.Whatdoyoudoalittle?

________________________________________________________________

3.Howharddoyouworkeveryday?

________________________________________________________________

4.Whoorwhatreallyhelpsyou?

________________________________________________________________

5.Whatdoyoudowellenough?

________________________________________________________________

AdverbsThatModifyAdjectivesandOtherAdverbsCertainadverbsgivestrengthtoanadjective:notatall<fairly<pretty<rather/quite<very<extremely<too

Heisnotatallshy.(He’stheoppositeofshy.)Heisfairlynice.(He’salittlebitnice.)Sheisprettystrict.(She’snotadictatorbutshemaintainsdiscipline.)Wearerathertired.(Weneedarestbeforewecandoanythingelse.)Theyareveryexpensive.(TheycostmorethanIwouldliketopay.)Theyareextremelyexpensive.(TheycostalotmorethanIwouldliketopay.)Theyaretooexpensive.(TheycostsomuchthatIwillnotbuythem.)

exercise16-4Choosethebestadverbfromthepreviouslisttofillineachblank.

1.WhenIgothomefromworkIwas__________________________tired,soIsatdowntorestforawhile.

2.I’mnotgoingtothepartytonightbecauseIam___________________________tired.

3.Afterhikingallday,Iwas____________________________tired.

4.Ididn’tsleepwelllastnight,soIwas______________________tiredwhenIgotup.

5.ItookanapwhenIgothome,soIwas_________________________tiredwhenmyguestsarrived.

exercise16-5Answereachquestionusingadverbsfromthepreviouslisttomodifytheadjectives.

1.Whatdoyoudowhenyouareextremelyhappy?

_______________________________________________________________

2.Whatdoyoudoifyourfriendsaretoobusytogoout?

_______________________________________________________________

3.Whatdoyourfriendsdoifyouareprettysick?

_______________________________________________________________________

4.Whatdoesyourbossdoifyouarriveratherlate?

_______________________________________________________________

5.Whatdidyouthinkofthelastmovieyousaw?

_______________________________________________________________

6.Whatistheweatherliketoday?

_______________________________________________________________________

7.Aretheseexerciseshard?

_______________________________________________________________________

8.Whatisnotatalleasyforyou?

_______________________________________________________________________

Acomparisoncanbemadewithanadjectivebyaddingtheadverbmuchbeforethecomparativeform:HeismuchtallerthanIam.Sheismuchquieterthanshewasbefore.Thismovieismuchbetterthantheotherone.She’sfeelingmuchworse.Sheismuchmoreaggressivethanhersister.

exercise16-6Usingthecuesinparentheses,writesentencesthatcomparethefollowingpairs.

1.Saraisfourfeetteninchestall.Herbrotherissixfeettwoinchestall.(short)

_______________________________________________________________________

2.Jackiesmilesandtalkstoeverybody.Susandoesn’ttalktoanybody.(friendly)

_______________________________________________________________

3.Joecleansthehouse,cooks,andwashesthedishes.Jimhelpsonlyalittlearoundthehouse.(helpful)

________________________________________________________________

4.Maryplaysvolleyball,basketball,softball,soccer,andtennis.Hersistersometimesplaystennis.(athletic)

________________________________________________________________________

5.Patricia’sbabyweighedfivepounds.Valerie’sbabyweighedtenpounds.(small)

________________________________________________________________

Theadverbsfairly,pretty,rather,quite,very,extremely,andtoocanalsomodifyotheradverbs:Iwalkfairlyfast.Shereadsprettywell.Heworksratherslowly.Hedrivesverycarefully.Theyworkextremelyhard.Shespeakstoosoftly.(Nobodycanhearher.)

exercise16-7Usetheadverbsfromthepreviouslisttoanswerthefollowingquestionsaboutyourself.

1.Howwelldoyoucook?

________________________________________________________________

2.Howharddoyouwork?

________________________________________________________________

3.Whatdoyoudoratherquickly?

________________________________________________________________________

4.Doyousleepwell?

________________________________________________________________

5.Whatdoyoudotooslowly?

________________________________________________________________

exercise16-8Usetheadverbsfromthepreviouslisttoanswerthefollowingquestionsaboutsomeoneyouknow.

1.Howwelldoesheorshecook?

________________________________________________________________________

2.Howharddoesheorshework?

________________________________________________________________

3.Whatdoesheorshedoratherquickly?

________________________________________________________________

4.Doesheorshedrivewell?

________________________________________________________________________

5.Howharddoesheorshework?

________________________________________________________________________

PARTVENGLISHINTHETWENTY-FIRSTCENTURY:TECHNOLOGY

Unit17GeneralVocabularyforTechnology

Hereisthebasicvocabularyofcomputertechnology.

Nouns

TheComputer

personalcomputer/PC:amachineusedforpreparingandstoringdocuments,communicatingandgettinginformationthroughtheInternet,andprovidingentertainmentdesktop:afull-sizecomputerthatisinstalledandusedonadeskortablelaptop:aportablecomputerofasizethatcanbesetonone’slapnotebook:aportablecomputer,smallerthanalaptoppalmtop:asmall,wirelesscomputerthatcanbeheldinthehandtablet:atouch-screenwirelessminicomputerthatenablestheusertowatchvideos,playgames,readpublications,andaccesstheInternetharddrive/harddiskdrive/HDD:abasicpartofthecomputerthatstoresitsimportantinformation,suchasprogramsanddatafileshardware:thecomputerandthephysicalaccessoriesnecessaryforitsfunctioningprogram:asetofinstructionsthatenableacomputertoperformaspecifictasksoftware:theprogramsinstalledonthehardwarethattellthecomputerwhattodooperatingsystem/OS:alargecollectionofprogramsthatcontrolsoperationsofthecomputer;thebasicsoftwarethatallowstheuserandthecomputertointeractandthecomputer’shardwareandsoftwareapplicationstocommunicateapplication/app:softwareaddedtotheoperatingsystemthatenablesaspecifictasktobeperformeddevice:amachineusedtoperformoneorseveraltasksgadget/gizmo:adeviceUSBport:asmallconnectorinthecomputerthatallowsadeviceoraccessorytoconnecttothecomputeraccessories:itemsthathelpyouormaybenecessaryforusingyourequipmentscreen:thelightedpanelthatdisplaysyourworkorotherinformationonthecomputermouse:apointingdevicethatisheldunderoneofthecomputeruser’shandsandisusedtomovethecursoronthecomputerscreentouchpad:asmalldevicebuiltintolaptopcomputersthatfunctionsasanalternativetoamousecursor:anindicatoronacomputerscreenthatshowswhereausercanentertextkeyboard:adevicewithletters,numbers,andotherinstructionalbuttonsthatenablesyoutoprepareadocumentorperformothertasksonthecomputer;usuallyusedinconnectionwithamouseortouch

pad.keypad:atypeofkeyboardthatmayhavespecializedtaskswhenusedwithmachinesotherthanacomputercompactdisc/CD:around,flatunit(disc),4¾inchesindiameter,whichcontainsdigitalinformationyoucanaccesswithyourcomputerrewritabledisc/CD-R/DVD-R:aCDorDVDonwhichyoucansaveandstoreyourworkorotherinformationfromthecomputerUSBflashdrive:asmalldeviceonwhichyoucansaveandstorelargeamountsofyourworkorotherinformationfromthecomputer;itisportableandenablesyoutocontinueworkingonorreadingyourdocumentsonanothercomputerprinter:amachineconnectedtoyourcomputerthatenablesyoutoreproduceonpaperyourworkorothermaterialfoundonthecomputerink-jet:atypeofprinterthatusesinktoreproduceimagesonpapercartridge:thecaseholdinginkforanink-jetprinterortonerforalaserprinterorcopierlaser:atypeofprinterthatisfasterthananink-jetandisgoodformakingalargenumberofcopiestoner:apowderusedinsteadofinkinalaserprinterscanner:amachineconnectedtoyourcomputerthatcanreproduceanexactimageindigitalformandallowyoutoviewandstoreitonyourcomputercopier:amachinethatcanmakephotocopiesofimagesordocumentsearphones:devicesyouplaceinyourearsthatenableyoutoprivatelyhearmusicorotheraudiomaterialfromacomputerorothermachineheadset:adevicethatyouplaceoveryourearsasasubstituteforearphones

Iprefertouseadesktopcomputer,butItakeanotebookwithmewhenItravel.Manufacturersofoperatingsystemsusuallyintroducenewprogramseverythreeorfouryears.CanyouuseaCDwithyournewlaptop?It’sagoodideatosaveyourworkonaCDoraUSBflashdrive.Sometimesit’shardtochoosebetweenanink-jetprinterandalaserprinter.Doyouprefertouseaheadsetorearphones?

exercise17-1Choosethemostappropriatewordorwordstocompleteeachsentence.

1.Onewaytosaveworkyouhavedoneonacomputeriswitha________________.headsetlaserUSBflashdrivecursor

2.Ifyourlaserprinterstartsprintinglighterimages,youprobablyneed_______________.toneraninkcartridgeanewkeypadascanner

3.Aconvenientwaytodowordprocessingwhileyouaretravelingistotakewithyoua_______________.compactdisclaptopdesktopcomputertablet

4.Youprobablyneedanewcomputerifyour_________________isdestroyed.

printerscannerharddriveUSBflashdrive

5.Ifyouwanttowritealetterusingacomputer,youneedtoknowhowtousethe________________.headsetscannerkeyboardlaser

exercise17-2Doyouuseacomputer?Doyoupreferadesktoporalaptop?Whatoperatingsystemdoyouuse?Whataccessoriesdoyouusewithyourcomputer?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

TheInternet

TheInternetistheglobalsystemofinterconnectedcomputernetworksthatallowsaccesstotheWorldWideWebandawiderangeofotherresources.WorldWideWeb/theWeb/www:apartoftheuniverseofinformationthatisaccessiblethroughtheInternet;theWebhasabodyofsoftwarewithasetofguidelinesthatallowsyoutogetinformationorcontributetotheinformationavailablecyberspace:thenonphysicalareacreatedandinhabitedbytheInternetcable:asystemofundergroundwiresthatenablesaccesstoInternetandtelevisionservicesbroadband:ahigh-speedInternetsystemmodem:adeviceusedtoconnecttotheInternetusingeithercableortelephonelinesrouter:adevicethatlinksacomputertoanetwork,thusenablingInternetserviceBluetooth:awirelesssystembuiltintocertaindevicesthatprovidesasecurewaytoconnectandexchangeinformationbetweenthem;Bluetoothexistsinmanyproducts,suchastelephones,games,watches,somehigh-definition(HD)headsets,modems,andwatches.HDheadsetsofferimproved,high-definitionsoundqualityandhaveBluetooth,asdocertainwatches,whichworkwithtelephonestodisplaycallerID(soyoudon’thavetogetoutyourcellphonetoseewho’scalling)Wi-Fi:awirelesstechnologythatenablesnetworkaccesshotspot:aWi-FiconnectiontotheInternetYoucanfindtheanswertomanyquestionsontheInternet,butit’simportanttorememberthatnoteverythingyoureadthereiscorrect.DoyouhaveacableconnectiontotheWebwhereyoulive,ordoyoudependonWi-Fi?Moreandmorehotspotsarebeingmadeavailableworldwide.

exercise17-3Circlethemostappropriatewordorwordstocompleteeachsentence.

1.TheInternetisalsoknownas_______________.BluetoothWi-FitheWebcable

2.ToconnectyourcomputertotheInternet,youneed_______________.

Bluetoothbroadbandamodemcyberspace

3.TheInternetisaccessible________________.

4.Ahotspotrefersto_______________.cyberspacecablearouterconnectionWi-Fi

UsingtheComputer

Tousethecomputerasawordprocessor,youneedtopurchaseandinstallanoperatingsystemandconnectthecomputertoanelectricaloutlet.Youcanusealaptopcomputerwithabatterythatcanberechargedinanelectricaloutlet.

Touseaprinter,youneedtoconnectittoyourcomputerandtoanelectricaloutlet,thenfollowtheinstructionsforinstallingit.

TousetheInternet,youneedtoeithersubscribetoacableserviceorfindaWi-Fihotspot.

Adjectivesanalog:referstothetraditionalwayofrecording,storing,andtransmittingsoundandinformationdigital:referstoawayofrecordingandstoringsoundthatismoresuitedtocomputersembedded:builtintoadevicesmart:capableofmakingadjustmentsthatresemblehumandecisions,especiallyinresponsetochangingcircumstances;someexamplesaresmartphone,smartcard,SMARTBoardwireless:havingthecapabilityoffunctioningwithouttheuseofacabletouchscreen:afeatureoncertaincomputersthatenablesyoutogivecommandsandenterinformationbytouchingthescreenwithyourfingersinsteadofusingamouse

Verbsplugin:toconnectacordtoanelectricaloutletorawiretoadeviceormachinekeyin:toputinformationintoacomputerbyusingakeyboardstore:tosaveinformationonthecomputerforfutureviewinginstall:tosetupamachinesothatitwillfunctionenable:tomakepossibledownload:toreceiveinformationfromtheInternetonyourcomputerupload:toaddinformationtoanInternetsitecopy:toreproduceadocumentsave:tomakesureyourworkorotherinformationremainsavailableinthecomputerforfutureviewingandeditingprint:toreproduceonpaperyourworkorotherinformationonthecomputer

OurnewteacherusestheSMARTBoardtohelpuslearngeography.Ifyourcomputerisn’tworking,thefirstthingtodoismakesurethatitispluggedin.

Whenyoubuyaprinter,youneedtofollowthedirectionsforinstallingitinyourcomputer.TheprofessorrequiredhisstudentstodownloadalotofinformationfromtheInternet.

exercise17-4Circlethemostappropriatewordorwordstocompleteeachsentence.

1.Thetraditionalwayofstoringsoundiswith_____________device.anembeddedananalogasmartawireless

2.Onsomecomputers,youcanusea______________togivecommands.digitalphonetouchscreenWi-Fiscanner

3.Ifyoudonotwanttoloseworkyouhavedoneonacomputer,youneedto_____________it.copyprintinstallsave

4.GettinginformationfromtheInternetonyourcomputerscreeniscalled_______________.uploadinginstallingdownloadingkeyingin

Unit18ContactingOtherPeople:TheTechnologyofCommunications

TheTelephoneThetelephone,orphone,isadevicethattransmitsandreceivessound,mostcommonlythehumanvoice.Itallowstwopeopleseparatedbylargedistancestotalktoeachother.

Types

corded/landline:atelephoneconnectedbyapairofwirestoatelephonenetworkcordless:atelephonethathasaportablehandsetthatcommunicatesbyradiowithabasestationthatisconnectedbywiretothetelephonenetwork;itdoesnotfunctionwhenitistoofarfromthebasestationmobile/cell:aportabletelephonethatcommunicateswiththetelephonenetworkbyradio;itusuallyfunctionsoverawidearea,withinacountry,andsometimeseveninternationallysmartphone:amobilephonewithanembeddedcomputerthatenablesyoutoperformanumberoftasksinadditiontospeakingandlistening

Applications/Apps

Appsthatareavailableonsomemobilephonesenablethefollowingoperations:textmessaging:sendingawrittenmessagethatwillappearonthetelephonescreenofthepersonyouarecontactingusingtheInternet:findinginformationontheInternetusinge-mail:sendingawrittenmessagethatwillappearonthecomputerofthepersonyouarecontactingnavigating:gettingdirectionstoadifferentlocationtakingphotographs:usingadigitalcamerathatisbuiltintothetelephonemakingavideo:usingadigitalvideocamerathatisbuiltintothetelephoneface-to-facetalking:usingadevicethatenablesyoutoseethepersonyouaretalkingtolisteningtomusic:usingadevicethatallowsyoutodownloadmusictoyourtelephoneandlistentoitthroughearphones

TelephoneParts

handset:thedevicethatyouholdinyourhandandplacenexttoyourearandclosetoyourmouthsothatyoucanlistenandtalkmicrophone:adevicebuiltintothehandsetwhereyoudirectyourvoiceearphone:adevicethatreproducesthevoiceoftheotherpersonringer:adevicethatmakesasoundsothatyouknowwhenacalliscominginringtone:thesoundormusicmadebytheringer

vibrate:anoptiononacellphonethatproducesmotionsothatyouknowwhenacalliscominginwhenyouhavetheringerturnedoffkeypad:agridofnumbers,letters,andsymbolsthatenablesyoutoenterthetelephonenumberofthepersonyouwanttocontact,usuallylocatedonthehandset;itmaybeintheformofbuttonstopushoratouchscreen

Manypeoplehavedecidedtouseonlyacellphoneinsteadofhavingalandline.Itisdangeroustotalkonacellphoneorsendatextmessagewhileyouaredrivingacar.Theringeronhiscellphonemakesamusicalsound.Whenyou’reatthemovies,youshouldturnofftheringeronyourcellphone,andputitonvibrateifyou’reexpectingacall.

exercise18-1Choosethemostappropriatewordorwordstocompletethefollowingsentences.

1.Yourtelephoneisequippedwith______________sothatyoucanhearthepersonontheline.ahandsetanearphoneamicrophoneakeypad

2.Yourtelephoneisequippedwith_______________sothatyouknowwhenacalliscomingin.akeypadamicrophoneanearphonearinger

3.Atelephonecannotbeusedfor_______________.

4.Youcanusea_______________whenyougoforawalkinyourneighborhood.cellphonecordlessphonelandlineallofthepreviousanswers

UsingtheTelephone

Foratelephonetofunction,itmustbeconnectedtoacommunicationserviceprovidedbyoneofanumberofprivatecompaniesthatdobusinessinparticulargeographicareas.Insomecountries,thisserviceisprovidedbythegovernment.Eachcompanyhasitsownsetofoptionalservicesandpaymentscales.Customersareusuallybilledmonthlyfortheseservices.telephonecall:acommunicationfromonetelephonetoanotherareacode:athree-digitnumber(intheUnitedStates—itmaybedifferentinothercountries)assignedtoalimitedarea,whichcanincludepartofacity,anentirecity,anareaofastate,or,ifithasasmallpopulation,anentirestatecountrycode:atwo-digitnumberassignedtoacountryforuseininternationalcallstelephonenumber:aperson’sareacode,followedbyaseven-digitnumber(intheUnitedStates)assignedbyatelephoneservicetothatperson;yourtelephonenumberidentifiesyouinthetelephonesystemoperator:anemployeeofatelephonecompanywhohelpsmakeconnectionspayphone:apublictelephonefromwhichyoucancallsomeoneafterinsertingcoinsoracreditcard,orenteringthenumberfromacallingcard

callingcard:asmallcardthatyoucanbuyinadvancethatenablesyoutomakecallsfromapayphoneorfromyourpersonalphonewhenyouenterthenumberorcodeprintedonthecard

TypesofCalls

local:acalltoorfromsomeonewholiveswithinyourareacodelong-distance:acalltoorfromsomeonewholivesoutsideyourareacode,butinthesamecountryinternational:acalltoorfromsomeoneinadifferentcountryoperator-assisted:acall,usuallyinternational,madewiththeassistanceofanoperatordirectdial:aninternationalcallmadebyenteringonakeypadthedigits011(callingfromtheUnitedStates),followedbythecountrycode,theareacode,andthetelephonenumberofthepersonyouarecallingconference:acallbetweenmorethantwotelephones,allowingagroupconversation

TelephoneOptions

callerID:thetelephonenumber(identification)ofthepersonwhoiscallingyou;ifyouhavethisoption,thisnumberappearsonyourtelephonebeforeyouansweracallvoicemail:aservicethatanswersyourtelephonewhenyouareunabletoandallowsthecallertoleaveamessagespeakerphone:adevicebuiltintosometelephonesthatallowsyoutolistenandspeakfromthesameroomwithoutholdingthehandsetuptoyourfacecallwaiting:aservicethatalertsyouduringacalltoinformyouthatanotherpersoniscallingyouatthatmomentandthatyoucanchoosetoacceptthatcallandaskthecurrentcallertowaitforafewmoments

MakingCallstoaBusiness

Whenyoumakeacalltoabusiness,amachine-recordedvoiceoftenanswersandasksyoutochoosefromanumberofmenuoptionsbykeyinginanumberonyourtelephone.Theoptionsusuallyincludedifferentdepartmentsorindividualsatthebusiness.Afterchoosingthedepartmentyouwishtospeakto,youmaythenbeaskedtowaitonholduntilsomeoneisabletospeaktoyou.Sometimestheinformationyouwantcanbeprovidedbythemachine.Inothercases,youmayhavetorequesttheaidofanagent.Veryoften,youaretoldthatyourquestionstothebusinesscanbeansweredonline(throughtheInternet).

TheFaxMachinefaxmachine:amachinethatenablesyoutosendadocumentoveratelephoneline;themachinecopiesthedocumentandsendsitelectronicallytoitsdestinationfax:thedocumentyousendthroughafaxmachinefax:averbthatmeanstosendafaxfaxserver:acomputerizedsystemthatreceivesandstoresincomingfaxeselectronically

ShewantedtokeephertelephonenumberasecretbutfoundoutthatitwasontheInternet.Icouldn’tgetmycalltogothrough,soIgottheoperatortoplaceitforme.Ifhedoesn’tanswerthephone,leaveamessageonhisvoicemail.It’sfrustratingwhenyouareputonholdandhavetowaitalongtimeforsomeonetoanswer.

exercise18-2Whatkindoftelephonedoyouhave?Whatappsdoesithave?Makealisthere.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

exercise18-3Choosethemostappropriatewordorwordstocompleteeachsentence.

1.Ifyouwanttomakeatelephonecall,youneed_____________.atelephonenumberanoperatorapayphoneacallingcard

2.Acountrycodeisnecessaryfor______________.acallfromapayphoneacallfromacellphoneaninternationalcallanoperator-assistedcall

3.Whenyoumakeacalltoabusiness,theyoftenputyou______________.onthemenuonholdonaspeakerphoneoncallwaiting

4.Ifyouneedtosendadocumenttosomeone,youcan_______________.callitinputitonholdputinonvoicemailfaxit

exercise18-4Haveyoueversentafax?Explainhowyoudidit.

First,___________________________________________________________________Then,______________________________________________________________________Afterthat,____________________________________________________________Finally,__________________________________________________________________

exercise18-5Doyouprefertocallyourfriendsortosendthemtextmessages?Why?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

TheInternetforCommunicatingTheInternetisanotherwaytocommunicatewithotherpeople.go/beonline:touseanInternetservicetocommunicatewithanotherpersonorpeopleortosearchor

accesssitesontheInternete-mail:asystemthatallowsyoutosendpersonalwrittenmessagestootherpeopleattheire-mailaddressesfromyoure-mailaddressusingapersonalcomputerthatisconnectedtotheInternet;youre-mailaddressisassignedtoyouwhenyousubscribetoanInternetserviceorsignupfore-mailthroughanothercompany;computerswheree-mailmaybereadorsentaremadeavailabletothepublicinsuchplacesaslibraries,hotels,andInternetcafés.E-mailissowidelyusedthattraditionalmailthroughthepostofficeisnowcalled“snailmail”becauseitissoslowbycomparison.username/userID:aseriesoflettersand/ornumbersthatyouchooseasyouronlineidentification;itisthefirstpartofyoure-mailaddress@:(pronounced“at”)thesymbolthatfollowsyourusernameinyoure-mailaddressdomain:acommonnetworknameunderwhichacollectionofnetworkdevicesareorganized;thefinalpartofyoure-mailaddressisaperiod(pronounced“dot”)plusthenameofthedomain;someexamplesare.com,.org,.edu(intheUnitedStates),and.mx(Mexico),.es(Spain),.uk(England)instantmessaging/IM:aservicethatallowsyoutosendamessagetosomeonewhoisonlineatthesametimeyouarejunkmail:e-mailthatyoureceivefromsomeoneunknowntoyou,oftenfromanindividualorbusinessthatwouldliketosellsomethingtoyouspam:junkmailthatisdesignedtotrickyouordamageyourcomputervirus:adestructivecomputerprogramthatcopiesandspreadsitselfviatheInternet,causingdamagetoyourcomputermalware:softwarecreatedwithmaliciousintentthatcanharmtheoperationofacomputerantivirussystems:softwarethatcanbeinstalledonyourcomputertoblockmalwarefirewall:adeviceusedbyanantivirussystemthatwillhelpprotectyourcomputerfromspamandmalwarevideocalling:usingspecialsoftware,contactingsomeonewhohasthesamesoftware,enablingyoubothtoseeandtalktoeachothernetworking:usingtheInternettocontactmorethanonepersonatatimesocialnetworks:Internetgroupsthatyoucanjoinandinviteyourfriendsandacquaintancestojoinsothatyoucankeepincontactwitheachotherinasemipublicway;therearealsonetworksthatenable(usuallywell-known)peopletosendinstantmessagestoanyoneinthegeneralpublicwhowishestoreceivethemblog:aregularcommentarymadebyanindividualthroughaspecialInternetpageonlineclasses:coursesofferedbymanyschoolsanduniversitiesthatallowstudentstocompletetherequiredworkbyaccessingthematerial,communicatingwiththeteacherorprofessor,andtakingexamsthroughtheInternet

Manypeoplesendcasualinvitationsbye-mail,butmoreformalonesbysnailmail.WewereonlineatthesametimeandendedupIM’ingeachotherallafternoon.Myantivirussoftwarerequirescontinuousupdates.Theyhaveafirewallatworkthatrejectse-mailsfromunknownsources.MyneighborsarefromSpainandusevideocallingtovisitwiththeirfamilieseveryday.Whenshewasstudyingabroad,shewroteablogdescribingallheradventures.

exercise18-6Completeeachsentencewiththemostappropriatewordorwords.

1.Inordertosendane-mail,youneed______________.afirewallmalwareablogane-mailaddress

2.Youcangetyourownpersonale-mailaddressfrom_____________.asocialnetworkavideophoneanInternetserviceproviderafriend

3.DomainsbasedintheUnitedStatesinclude_______________..es.edu.mx.aus

4.Whenyouareonline,youcan________________.maketelephonecallssende-mailsprintdocumentsalloftheabove

Unit19GettingInformation:TheMedia

NewspapersandMagazinesNewspapersandmagazinesarethetraditionalwaytogetlocal,national,andinternationalnewsandinformation.Bothcanbeboughtatnewsstands,supermarkets,anddrugstores,andbothareavailableforhomedeliverybysubscription.Mostnewspapersandmagazinesareavailableonline,andsomeoffermaterialonlinethatisnotincludedintheprintedissues.

TelevisionforGettingInformationAtelevisionisadevicethatprojectsastillormovingimageonitsscreenanddeliverssoundthroughitsspeakers.Televisionisaverypopularwayforpeopletogetthenews.Therearealsonumerousprogramsontelevisionthatpresentcommentaryandanalysisofthenewsfromdifferentpointsofview,inadditiontotalkshowswherepeoplediscusscurrentissues.Cableorsatellitetelevisionisasourceforlocalgovernmentandcivicprogramsthatfocusoneventsinlocalareasandmakeimportantpublicannouncementsinemergencies.Manyeducationalandinformativeprogramscoveringawiderangeoftopicsarealsoavailableontelevision.

Types

high-definitiontelevision/HDTV/HD:atelevisionwithhigh-resolutionvideo,makingtheimagesonthescreenclearerandshowingmoredetailthanolder-styletelevisionsflatscreen/flatpanel:aslimtelevisionthatcanbehungonawallorsetonapedestalplasma:aflatscreentelevisionwhoseimagesareproducedbygasescontainedinmanytinycellsthatarepositionedbetweentwoplatesofglassLCD:televisionthatusesliquidcrystaldisplaytechnologytoproduceimagesLED:anLCDtelevisionthatuseslight-emittingdiodebacklightinginsteadoffluorescentlights

Connections

plug-in:aconnectiontoanelectricaloutletthatenablesyoutoreceivealimitednumberoflocalprogramswithnofeescable:aconnectionthroughanundergroundwiringsystemthatenablesyoutoreceivehundredsoflocal,national,andinternationalprograms;thisserviceisavailableinmanyareasandisprovidedbyprivatecompanies,whochargeamonthlyfeedish:aconnectionthroughadevicethatisplacedonyourrooforhighonthesideofyourhouseandenablesyoutoreceivehundredsofprograms;thisserviceisavailableinmanyareasandisprovidedbyprivatecompanies,whochargeamonthlyfeeInternet-enabledTV:aprocessbywhichyoucandownloadprogramsfromtheInternetdirectlytoyourtelevisionscreen

UsingaTelevision

remote(control):ahandhelddevicethatenablesyoutoturnatelevision(orotherappliance)onoroff,changechannels,adjustthevolume,recordprograms,andcontrolotherconnectedappsfromadistancearrowbutton:abuttonontheremotethatallowsyoutomakechangestothetelevisionset-uporprogrammingenter:abutton,usuallylocatedinthecenterofthearrowbuttonsonaremote,thatyoupushtoconfirmyourselectionofachangeDVR/digitalvideorecorder:anappforatelevisionthatenablesyoutorecordandsaveprogramssothatyoucanwatchthemlaterPlasmaTVsarealittlecheaperthanLEDsandLCDs.Myfrienddoesn’thavecableoradish,butshecangetlotsofprogramsdownloadedtoherTVfromtheInternet.We’llhavetomissourfavoriteshow,butwecansaveitonourDVRandwatchitlater.

TheInternetforGettingInformationAlmostanykindofinformationcanbefoundontheInternet,whichismadeupofmillionsofwebsites.website:apageorpagesofinformationaboutabusiness,government,otherorganization,orpersonmadeavailableontheInternettoanyonewhowishestoreadit;accessedviaawebsiteaddress,alsoknownasaURL(uniformresourcelocator)Webpage:apageonawebsiteHTML:thestandardthatcontrolshowWebpagesareformattedanddisplayedhyperlink:areferenceto,andaddressof,anotherwebsitewhereyoucanfindmoreinformationaboutatopicmentionedonawebsiteorWebpage;clickingonthehyperlinkor“link”willtakeyoutothiswebsitesearchengine/browser:asoftwareapplicationthatisusedtolocateanddisplayWebpages;asearchenginemaybefoundthroughitswebsiteaddresshttp://:thefirstpartofawebsiteaddress,anabbreviationof“hypertexttransferprotocol”;HTTPdefineshowmessagesareformattedandtransmittedandwhatactionsWebserversandbrowsersshouldtakeinresponsetovariouscommandswww.:WorldWideWeb;thesecondpartofawebsiteaddress.com/.org/.edu/.org/.mx/.es/.uk/etc.:namesofdomains;thefinalpartofawebsiteaddress;pronounced“dotcom,”“dote-d-u,”“dotorg,”“dotu-k,”etc.userID:anameore-mailaddressthatidentifiesthepersonusingtheInternetpassword:asecondidentificationcode,usuallymadeupoflettersandnumbers,thatisusedtohelpensurethatthepersonusingtheInternetsiteisreallythepersontowhomausernamebelongs;youdecidewhatyourpasswordisforeachsiteyoucontact,andyoushouldkeepitasecrettoprotectyourprivacyandtohelpensurethatanotherpersondoesnotmakeanytransactioninyourname

Verbs

scroll:tomoveupordownapageonthecomputerscreenusingthemouseortouchpadsurf:todoresearchonorexploretheInternet

click:topressoneofthemouseortouchpadbuttonsandopenawebsiteenter:toclickonabuttonthatwillenableyourinformationtobeprocesseddownload:tomakeawebsitevisibleonyourcomputerscreenupload:tosendyourinformationtoawebsitestreaming:gettingcontinuousdownloadfromtheInternetsothatthereisnoprograminterruption

It’sconvenienttogetnewsontheInternet,butmanypeopleprefertoholdarealnewspaperormagazineintheirhands.TheirbandislookingforsomeonetohelpthemdesignaWebpage.Isitsafetouploadyourcreditcardnumbertoasecurewebsite?


1.Webpageformatsarecontrolledby_______________.httpwww..comHTML

2.TodobusinessthroughtheInternet,youneeda______________.hyperlinkuserIDuserIDandpasswordpassword

3.“Surfing”isawayto_______________.uploaddatagetinformationreadyoure-mailgetauserID

4.Whenyouhavedecidedonapassword,youshould______________.

Unit20Entertainment

Television/TVforEntertainmentTypesofVideoEntertainmentProvidedElectronicallymovies:filmsthatarealsoshownintheatersand/orontelevisionDVD/digitalvideodisc:around,flatunit(disc)thatstoreslargeamountsofinformation—usuallyintheformofvideo—andcanbeplayedonacomputerorwithaDVDplayerconnectedtoatelevisionBlu-raydisc:around,flatunit,thesamesizeasaCDoraDVD,thatcanbeplayedwithaBlu-rayplayerandhasmorethanfivetimesasmuchstoragecapacityasaDVDvideogames:entertainmentforoneormorepeople,rangingfrommentalpuzzlestohighlyphysicalactivitycomputergames:puzzle-typepastimesoftenbasedontraditionalcardgames,gamesthatrequirehand-eyecoordination,gamesthatallowtheplayertoactoutarole,andthosethatallowmorethanoneplayertoparticipategameconsoles:appsthatcanbeconnectedtoatelevisionthatenableyoutoplayawiderangeofgames,followexerciseprograms,learndancemoves,downloadmoviesandmusic—actuallytopursuealmostanytypeofentertainmentyoucanthinkof

AudioDevicesAudiodevicesallowyoutolistentomusic,thespokenword,orothersounds.radio:adevicethattransmitssoundsbyelectricwaveswithoutwires;providesvariedprogramsthatoffermusic,newsreports,commentary,comedyshows,theater,interviews,andsoonthroughpublicbroadcasts;radiosareoftenbuiltintocarsandportabledevicesCDplayer:adevice,oftenbuiltintoacomputeroracar,whichplaysCDsboombox:aportabledevicethathasabuilt-inradioandCDplayerandcanbepluggedintoanelectricaloutletorpoweredbybatteriesMP3player:asmalldevicethatcomesequippedwithearphonesandenablesyoutolistentomusicanywhere;youcanpluganMP3playerintoacomputerand,forafee,transfermusictoitfromtheInternet;someMP3playersalsoprovideelectronicgames

ReadingDevices/ElectronicBooks/E-ReadersHandheldreadingdevicesareequippedwithascreenonwhichthepagesofabookcanbedisplayed,enablingyoutopurchase,read,andstorebookselectronically.

Camerasdigitalcamera:acamerathatenablesyoutocaptureimages(likestillphotographs),withoutusingfilm,thatcanbeviewed,stored,andprintedfromyourcomputer;manycellphoneshaveadigital

camerabuiltin,butanindividualcamerausuallyproduceshigher-qualityimagesdigitalcamcorder:avideocamerathatenablesyoutocapturemovingimages(likemotionpictures/movies),withoutusingfilm,thatcanbeviewedonacomputerorprojectedontoascreenaswellasstoredinyourcomputer


1.Ifyouwanttowalkdownthestreetlisteningtomusic,youcancarry______________.aboomboxanMP3playeraportableradioalloftheabove

2.Youcanselectthetypeofentertainmentyouwantonyourtelevisionbyusing____________.aboomboxadisharemotecontrolanMP3player

3.E-readersareusefulwhileyouaretravelingbecause_____________.

exercise20-2Makealistoftheitemslistedinthissectionthatyouownoruseregularly.Aftereachone,writethebrandnameandtellwhatyouuseitfor.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Unit21TechnologyinOtherPlaces

ForTravelingGPS/GlobalPositioningSystem:adevicethatgivesdirectionstoaspecifieddestinationusingon-screeninstructionsoravoicetotellthedriverwhenandwheretoturnandgiveotherimportantdrivingdetails;thesedevicesarealsousefulonaboat,andwalkerscanuseportable,handheldones;somecellphoneshaveaGPSbuiltinOtherapps:differentappsallowyoutousetheInternet,checke-mail,andstreamtelevisionfromadeviceinstalledinyourcar;mostmoderncarenginesarealsobuilt,tuned,andrepairedwiththeuseofcomputerse-tickets:airlineticketsthatyoupurchaseonlineandprintoutbeforeyouleavefortheairportairportcheck-in:asystemthatenablesyoutoconfirmyourflightandprintoutyourboardingpassusingyourcomputerandprinterbeforeyouleavefortheairportairportscanner:amachinethatinspectsyourbaggageoryourbodyforsecuritypurposesbeforeyouboardanairplane

ForBankingATM/automatictellermachine:amachine,locatedatabank,shoppingcenter,airport,orotherconvenientplace,thatenablesyoutodepositorwithdrawmoneywiththeuseofaspecialATMcardissuedbyyourbankonlinebanking:usingaconnectiontotheInternettodoallofyourbusinesswithyourbank,includingpayingbills,movingmoneyfromoneaccounttoanother,trackingloanpayments,andsoon

ForShoppingcreditcard:aplasticcardwithanumberissuedbyabankthatallowsyoutopurchaseitemswithoutpayingcash,thenpayforthemattheendofthemonthinonetransaction;highinterestchargesaremadeifthebillisnotpaidinfullbyacertaindatedebitcard:aplasticcardsimilartoacreditcardissuedbyabankthatallowsyoutopurchaseitemswithoutpayingcash;theamountyouspendisimmediatelydeductedfromyourbankaccountselfcheckout:machinesatcheckoutlines(usuallyingrocerystores)thatenableyoutopayquicklywithouttheassistanceofacashierpricecheck:amachineplacedinastorethatallowsyoutoelectronicallyfindthepriceofanitemforsalethereInternetshopping:purchasingproductsthroughtheInternetusingacreditcard

EverywhereElseElectronicdevicesaffectpracticallyeveryareaofourlives.Inourhomes,garagedooropeners,

programmedheating,air-conditioning,andotherappliances,securitysystems,babymonitors—evenourchildren’stoys—aremoreandmorebasedonever-changingtechnology.Thesameistrueregardingourhealthcare,withmachinesthatseeinsideourbodies,suchasMRI(magneticresonanceimaging)andCAT(computerizedaxialtomography)scanmachinesandothersthatinspectourskin,bones,eyes,andteeth;radiationmachines,heartpumps,lasersurgery,andelectronichearingaidsarejustafewofthemanywaysthattechnologyhashelpedimprovethequalityofourlives.Artandmusichavebeentransformed.Ourschoolsareincorporatingtechnologyinanefforttoimprovelearning.Inourtownsandcities,amongmanyotherfunctions,electronicdevicescontroltrafficandenablethepolicetofightcrime.Officescannotfunctionwithouttheuseofelectronicdevices,andindustrydependsontechnologyinthemanufactureofalmosteverything.Inshort,withouttechnology,ourliveswouldbebroughttoastandstill.AgoodGPScanbealifesaverwhenyouarelost.ByusingATMswhenyoutraveltoanothercountry,youcanavoidhavingtochangeyourcashintolocalcurrency.Oftenifyoudon’tfindwhatyouwantinastore,youcanfinditandpurchaseitonline.

exercise21-1

1.MakealistoftheitemsorserviceslistedinUnit21thatyouownoruseregularly.Aftereachone,writethebrandnameandtellwhatyouuseitfor.(Mostpeoplerefertotheirelectronicdevicesbytheirbrandnames.)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

2.Writeaparagraphexplaininghowyourlifehaschangedinthepasttenyearsbecauseofnewtechnology.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

3.Challenge#1:Gothroughthisentiresection—PartV,Units17through21—andidentifyalloftheitemsthataresoldunderbrandnames.Seeifyoucanlistthebrandsthatarecurrentlyonthemarket.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

4.Challenge#2:Makealistofanyothernewtechnologicalproductsanddevicesyoufind.Updateyourlistasoftenasnecessary.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

AnswerKey

PartINounsUnit1PeopleandPlaces

1-11.grandmother2.grandfather3.aunt4.uncle5.cousin6.son-in-law7.Answerswillvary.8.Answerswillvary.

1-21.f2.g3.i.4.d5.h6.e7.a8.c9.b

1-31.doctor2.policeofficer3.neighbor4.pharmacist5.dentist

1-4

1.cheeks...chin...ears...eyes...face...hair...lips...mouth...nose2.arm3.knee4.wrist5.ankle6.toes...fingers...thumb7.neck...arm8.waist

1-51.road2.library3.sun4.farm5.apartment6.moon7.postoffice8.highway

1-6Answerswillvary.

1-7Answerswillvary.

1-8Answerswillvary.

1-9Answerswillvary.

1-101.bathroom2.bedroom3.bedroom4.classroom5.bedroom6.anyroom

7.anyroom8.diningroom9.classroom,office

10.anyroom11.bathroom,bedroom,hall,kitchen12.kitchen13.livingroom14.library,office15.library,office16.kitchen,restaurant,store17.diningroom,kitchen,restaurant,anyroom18.classroom,office19.kitchen,laundryroom20.diningroom,kitchen,restaurant21.kitchen,restaurant22.bedroom23.laundryroom24.departmentstore25.departmentstore26.bathroom27.office28.office29.livingroom30.diningroom,kitchen,restaurant31.kitchen,restaurant32.diningroom,kitchen,restaurant,anyroom33.diningroom,kitchen,restaurant34.anyroom35.anyroom36.kitchen,restaurant37.diningroom,kitchen,restaurant38.anyroom39.bedroom40.classroom,office,anyroom41.kitchen,restaurant42.classroom,office,anyroom43.classroom,office,anyroom

44.classroom,office,anyroom45.bedroom,livingroom46.bedroom47.kitchen,diningroom,restaurant48.classroom,library,office49.kitchen,restaurant50.kitchen,diningroom,restaurant51.bedroom52.bathroom53.bathroom,kitchen,laundryroom,restaurant54.bathroom,kitchen,laundryroom55.livingroom56.diningroom,kitchen,restaurant57.hall58.kitchen,restaurant59.anyroom60.kitchen61.anyroom62.kitchen,restaurant63.bathroom64.bathroom,kitchen65.bedroom,livingroom,anyroom66.laundryroom

Unit2Singular,Plural,andNoncountNouns

2-11.a2.an3.an4.an5.a6.a7.a8.an9.a

10.a

11.a12.an13.a14.a15.an16.an17.an18.a19.an20.an21.a22.a23.a24.an25.a26.an27.an28.a29.a30.a31.an32.an33.an34.a35.an36.a37.a38.an39.an40.an

2-21.Ihaveabook.2.Thereisananswerkey.3.Thereisat.4.Thereisonee.

2-3

1.aclass2.aband...anorchestra3.acompany4.afamily5.ateam6.agovernment7.acommittee8.achoir...achorus

2-41.brothers2.daughters3.wives4.babies5.children6.men7.women8.teenagers9.artists

10.customers11.students12.actresses13.bosses14.nurses15.eyes16.ears17.toes18.churches19.cities20.libraries21.busstops22.postoffices23.windows24.glasses25.knives26.forks27.stoves

28.facecloths

2-51.bands2.choirs3.choruses4.classes5.committees6.families7.governments8.orchestras9.teams

2-6Answerswillvary.

2-7Answerswillvary.

2-8Answerswillvary.

2-91.anORone...aORone2.anORone...anORone3.someORalotofORafewORany...someORalotofORafewORanyORtwo4.aORone...someORafewORalotof5.aORone6.someORtwoORafew7.any8.someORalotofORafewORtwo9.someORafewORtwo

10.a...someORtwo

2-10Answerswillvary.

2-11

Answerswillvary.



2-141.alittle,alotof,some,no,asliceof2.threeslicesof3.alittle,some,threebowlsof,agallonof,twoquartsof4.aglassof,threeglassesof,some,alittle5.some,alittle,twobagsof6.apieceof,twopiecesof,alittle,some7.some,apieceof,twopiecesof,alotof8.some,apieceof,no9.two,afew,some,no

10.aglassof,twoglassesof,some,alotof


2-161.alittle2.no,some,alittle3.some,alotof4.some,alittle5.toomuch,alotof


2-181.an2.Ø3.Ø4.Ø...Ø

5.Ø6.a...Ø...a7.Ø8.Ø9.Ø

10.a...a

2-191.a2.the3.Ø4.the5.Ø6.the7.the8.the9.Ø10.the




2-231.a2.Ø3.The4.Ø5.the

2-241.This2.those

3.that4.these5.that6.those7.these8.this

Unit3ProperNouns

3-11.She’sreadingabookcalledAGuidetoGoodManners.2.WehavetogototheSpringfieldLibraryonMonday.3.TheyarefromItaly,andtheydon’tspeakSpanish.4.DavidisgoingtogotoWilsonAcademyforBoysinSeptember.

3-2Answerswillvary.

Unit4PossessiveNounsandPronouns

4-11.mysister’scar2.themen’shats3.thechildren’sparty4.thedoctor’soffice5.thegirls’apartment6.MissSmith’sclass7.BenLindsay’sschool8.theladies’meeting

4-2Answerswillvary.

4-31.hercar2.theirhats3.theirparty4.his/heroffice5.theirapartment

6.herclass7.hisschool8.theirmeeting

4-4Answerswillvary.


5-11.toomany2.an3.the4.Those5.alittle6.alotof7.toomuch8.no9.John’s

10.some

5-21.onebottle/fourbottles2.theseletters/thatinformation3.afewpills/alittlemedicine4.toomuchsugar/onespoonful/afewspoonfuls5.toomanychairs/notmuchfurniture/achair6.anecklace/theseearrings/alittlejewelry7.thatfruit/thosevegetables8.Thereisanail/Therearescrews/Thereishardware9.Thereisonelamp/Therearenolights/Thereisnowater

10.Hereisyourletter/Therearenoletters


6-11.waiting2.Driving

3.living4.cooking5.Studying6.staying

6-2Answerswillvary.

Unit7MoreSpecificNouns

7-11.boysORgirlsORkids2.dudeORguyORyouth3.younglady4.bum

7-21.fiancé2.roommate3.coworkersORcolleagues4.acquaintance

7-31.e2.cORg3.bORcORg4.cORgORh5.d6.cORfORg7.g8.bORcORg9.a

10.aORi

7-4Answerswillvary.

7-5

Answerswillvary.

7-6Answerswillvary.

7-7Answerswillvary.

7-81.d2.f3.e4.b5.a6.c

7-9Answerswillvary.

7-101.g2.b3.h4.f5.d6.j7.e8.a9.c

7-111.e2.f3.b4.h5.a6.d7.g

8.c






7-171.c2.d3.a4.e5.f6.b

7-181.hurricane2.gale3.sandstorm4.tornado

PartIIAdjectivesUnit8MakingDescriptions

8-1Answerswillvary.

8-21.handicapped2.shy

3.little4.cowardly5.ugly6.slow7.thin8.unfriendly9.stingy

8-31.bad2.boring3.small4.energetic5.kind6.young7.plain8.humble9.noisy

8-41.poor2.serious3.dumb4.easygoing5.bitter6.short7.happy8.strong

8-51.incapable2.incompetent3.inconsiderate4.inefficient5.insecure6.insincere7.intolerant8.immodest

9.impatient10.impolite11.improper12.irresistible13.irreverent14.unbalanced15.uncivil16.uncivilized17.undisciplined18.unenthusiastic19.unfaithful20.unfortunate21.unhappy22.unhealthy23.unkind24.unnatural25.unpleasant26.unpopular27.unreasonable28.unselfish29.unsuccessful30.untidy31.untrustworthy32.untruthful

8-61.careless2.unfaithful3.harmless4.unsuccessful5.tactless6.untruthful

8-71.intelligent2.persistent3.independent4.insistent

5.hospitable6.likable7.responsible8.adorable9.gullible

10.flexible11.optimistic12.pessimistic13.athletic14.materialistic15.idealistic16.lovely17.lively18.cowardly19.friendly20.lonely21.imaginative22.manipulative23.persuasive24.aggressive25.appreciative

8-81.a2.an3.an4.a5.an

8-9Answerswillvary.

8-10Answerswillvary.8-111.hungry2.busy3.ready

4.thirsty5.upset6.cold

8-121.anxious/upset/nervous2.hot3.alive4.clean5.sad/depressed6.full7.dissatisfied8.well9.rested

10.cool


8-141.narrow2.big/large3.light4.tiny5.short




8-181.h2.a

3.i4.b5.c6.d7.g8.j

10.e11.k12.f

8-191.empty2.new3.patched4.messy5.dirty6.broken7.fresh


8-211.expensive2.spacious3.empty4.dry5.safe6.light7.unfurnished8.well-maintained9.open

10.old-fashioned


8-23

Pleasant:breezy,clear,cool,dry,nice,pleasant,sunny,warmUnpleasant:chilly,cloudy,cold,foggy,freezing,hot,humid,icy,rainy,stormy,unpleasant,windy

8-241.freezing(Answersmayvary.)2.coldORfreezingORicyORunpleasant3.pleasant(Answersmayvary.)4.Answerswillvary.5.hot(Answersmayvary.)6.foggyORicyORrainyORstormy7.rainy8.coldORfreezingORsunny9.breezyORwindy

10.chilly

Unit9ComparisonsandSuperlatives

9-11.pretty2.notatall3.very4.very5.pretty

9-2Answerswillvary.

9-3Thesearepossibleanswers,butallmayvary.1.Ididn’teatit.2.Westayedhome.3.Igotsick.4.Shegotaticket.5.I’mnotgoingtobuythem.

9-4Answerswillvary.

9-51.brighter2.cheaper3.cleaner4.colder5.cooler6.damper7.darker8.faster9.fresher

10.higher11.lighter12.longer13.neater14.newer15.older16.plainer17.poorer18.richer19.shorter20.sicker21.slower22.smaller23.smarter24.sweeter25.taller26.younger

9-61.cuter2.finer3.lamer4.looser5.nicer6.paler7.ruder8.tamer

9.wider

9-71.bigger2.fatter3.fitter4.hotter5.madder6.redderv7.sadder8.thinner

9-8Answerswillvary.

9-91.angrier2.bossier3.busier4.cloudier5.cozier6.crazier7.dirtier8.easier9.friendlier

10.funnier11.happier12.lazier13.lonelier14.lovelier15.luckier16.noisier17.prettier18.rainier19.sillier20.sunnier21.tastier22.uglier

9-101.quieter2.simpler3.narrower4.gentler5.crueler6.littler

9-111.moreathletic2.moreboring3.morecivil4.morecivilized5.cleaner6.morecomfortable7.moreconsiderate8.cooler9.moredelicious

10.dirtier11.fresher12.friendlier13.gentler14.moregullible15.healthier16.hotter17.moreopen18.morepatient19.morepersuasive20.morepleasant21.moreproper22.prouder23.quieter24.ruder25.sadder26.moreserious27.sicker28.sillier

29.moresincere30.slower31.smaller32.stingier33.moresuccessful34.sweeter35.tinier36.moreunfriendly37.moreupset38.moreuseful39.wider40.moreworried

9-121.prettierthan2.notascomfortableas3.notasgoodas4.betterthan5.notasbigas

9-131.worst2.cleanest3.coldest4.craziest5.cutest6.friendliest7.gentlest8.best9.hottest

10.silliest11.luckiest12.maddest13.neatest14.nicest15.rudest16.saddest


9-151.mostactive2.worst3.coldest4.mostcomfortable5.fastest6.mostflexible7.mostgenerous8.happiest9.largest

10.littlest11.newest12.noisiest13.mostserious14.ugliest15.mostuninteresting16.mostuseless


Unit10VerbsandNounsUsedasAdjectives

10-11.boring2.frustrating3.terrifying4.gratifying5.confusing6.daring

10-21.written2.spoken3.stolen

4.drunk5.grown6.wounded7.Woven8.worn9.forbidden

10.withdrawn

10-31.fascinating2.interested3.surprising4.confusing5.terrified6.excited7.captivated8.satisfied9.frustrating

10.inspired

10-41.anecklacemadeofgold2.ahookmadeofmetal3.atraymadeofplastic4.abraceletmadeofsilver5.afloormadeofoak6.abasketmadeofwicker7.aroadmadeofdirt8.ablousemadeofsilk9.askirtmadeofwool

10.ablanketmadeofcotton

10-51.aboxforjewelry2.atrayforashes3.acanfortrash4.aframeforapicture5.asackforflour

6.aringforkeys7.abagforgroceries8.acompartmentforgloves9.aboxtocarryyourlunchin

10.apailforgarbage

10-61.forcrackingnuts2.foropeningcans3.forextinguishing(puttingout)fires4.forplayingCDs5.forbreakingupice6.fordryinghair7.forremovingnailpolish8.forsharpeningpencils9.forremovingspots

10.forpolishingfloors


10-81.abicyclelock2.amailboxkey3.arosegarden4.homework5.astudentdesk

10-91.hardheaded2.sure-footed3.single-minded4.long-winded5.evenhanded6.hotheaded

10-101.aplanforthenextfiveyears

2.awarrantythatlaststhreeyears3.aguaranteethatlastsaslongasyouareliving4.adiscussionthatlaststenminutes5.aweight(ordumbbell)thatweighsthreepounds6.avacationthatlaststwoweeks7.acontractfortwoyears8.ameetingthatlastsallday9.apartythatlastsallnight

10.somethingthathappenseveryday


11-11.alongblacksilkskirt2.newItalianleathershoes3.beautifulMexicansilverearrings4.arichthree-layerbirthdaycake5.aheavyroundantiquemirror


PartIIIVerbsUnit12TheVerbBe

12-11.is2.are3.is4.are5.are6.am


12-31.Isheherenow?

2.Areyouhappy?3.AmIsittingdown?4.Isheaskingdirections?5.Aretheybuildinganewhouse?6.Issheturningleft?7.Ishetakingphotographs?8.Issheridingabicycle?

12-41.Heisn’therenow.2.You’renothappy.3.I’mnotsittingdown.4.Heisn’taskingdirections.5.Theyaren’tbuildinganewhouse.6.Sheisn’tturningleft.7.Heisn’ttakingphotographs.8.Sheisn’tridingabicycle.

12-51.was2.were3.was4.were5.were6.was

12-6Answerswillvarybutshouldincludetheseverbs.1.Iwas...2....waswithme.3.Iwas...ORWewere...4.Itwas...5.No,nobodyelsewasthere.ORYes,____wasthere.ORYes,____and____werethere.

Unit13Non–ToBeVerbs

13-11.h

2.i3.e4.j5.f6.g7.a8.b9.d

10.c

13-21.sounds2.appear3.feel4.smell5.seems6.resembles

13-31.matches2.eats3.has4.drinks5.goes6.wishes7.cleans8.dries9.does

10.dances

13-41.cleaned2.opened3.worked4.walked5.watched

13-5

1.stopped2.closed3.shopped4.exercised5.tried

13-61.listened2.laughed3.turned4.dreamed5.cried6.exercised7.brushed8.smiled9.planned

10.watched




13-101.makes2.water3.clean4.vacuum5.pays


13-12

Answerswillvary.

13-131.sweepthefloor2.dotheshopping3.ironclothes4.makeappointments5.washthewindowsORcleanupthemess6.paybills7.makerepairs8.cleanuptheyardORmowthelawnORtakeoutthetrashORwaterplantsORweedthegarden9.dolaundry

10.dustthefurniture


13-151.answered2.asked3.corrected4.erased5.helped6.learned7.listened8.paid9.played

10.solved11.spelled12.studied13.used

13-161.taught2.wrote3.understood4.took5.made

6.did7.drew8.took9.read

10.paid

13-171.Hedoesn’tgetupat6:00.2.Theydon’teatbreakfasttogethereverymorning.3.Shedoesn’tdreamduringtheday.4.Wedon’tbuygrocerieseveryweek.5.Idon’tlaughalot.

13-181.Mymotherdidn’tteachmetoreadandwrite.2.Hedidn’twriteherane-maillastweek.3.Ididn’tunderstandtoday’slesson.4.Wedidn’ttakeahardtestthismorning.5.Youdidn’tmakeonlyonemistake.6.Theydidn’tdoalloftheexercises.7.Theydidn’tdrawpicturesinclass.8.MyfriendandIdidn’ttaketurnswiththecomputer.9.Shedidn’treadusawonderfulstory.

10.Ihopeyoudidn’tpayattention.



13-211.Doyouwritee-mail?2.DoeshesearchtheInternet?3.Doessheusethecomputer?4.Doyouallattendmeetings?5.Dotheyanswerthetelephone?6.Dowetakecoffeebreaks?

13-221.Whatgoesinthatfile?2.Whoanswersthetelephone?3.WhendoyousearchtheInternet?4.Wheredowesendfaxes?5.Wheredotheywritethereports?

13-231.Didtheytakealongcoffeebreak?2.Didsheanswerthetelephone?3.DidMarywritethesee-mails?4.DidyousearchtheInternetthisafternoon?5.DidJohnorganizeallyourfiles?

13-241.Whowrotealettertoday?2.Whatdidhedoyesterday?3.WhendidJohncallyou?4.WheredidyoueatonMondaynight?5.Howdidshegohome?





13-291.Doyoureturnclothesthatdon’tfit?2.Doesshealwaysusehercreditcard?3.Doesshelikehernewshoes?4.Doyouwanttheseshirts?

5.Doesheliketogoshopping?

13-301.Didshebuyanewdress?2.Didheforgettogiveyouareceipt?3.Didyoutryonalotofclothes?4.Didshegoshoppingyesterday?5.Didyoubuyanything?

13-311.Whoalwaysgetsabargain?2.Whatdidyoudoforthirtyminutes?3.Wheredidtheyspendalotofmoney?4.Whodoeshealwaysthank?5.Whendidyouwritethecheck?6.Howmuchdiditcost?

13-321.lostmycheckbook2.droveuptothedrive-upwindow3.makeadeposit4.withdrawcash5.buyaCD

13-331.Theydidn’tclosetheiraccount.2.Thisaccountdoesn’tearninterest.3.Ididn’tgetanewPIN.4.Hedidn’twithdrawcash.5.Shedoesn’tmakeadepositeveryweek.

13-341.Didyoupayaninstallmentlastmonth?2.Didyouwanttoopenanaccount?3.WhendidshebuyaCD?4.Whatdidhedo?5.Whowithdrewcash?

13-351.Answerswillvary.

13-361.Heiscashingacheck.2.Iamwithdrawingmoney.3.Theyareopeninganaccount.4.Weareapplyingforaloan.5.Theinvestmentisearninginterest.6.SheisgettingcashfromtheATM.7.Iamsavingmoney.8.Heispayinganinstallmentonhisloan.



13-391.Wheredidyouhaveapicnic?2.Whogetsoffthebushere?3.Didhetakealotofphotographs?4.Didshelieinthesunforanhour?5.Whatdoeshealwaysbuy?

13-401.Shedoesn’taskdirections.2.Wedon’tturnlefthere.3.Hedoesn’tdriveacar.4.Theydon’tgetlost.5.Idon’tgojogging.

13-411.Wedidn’tseeanaccident.2.Theydidn’thaveapicnic.3.Hedidn’tgetonthebus.4.Youdidn’tturnright.

5.Shedidn’tgetoutofthecar.

13-421.was,were2.became3.built4.bought5.came6.did7.drew8.drank9.drove

10.ate11.felt12.found13.got14.went15.grew16.had17.heard18.lay19.made20.paid21.put22.left23.read24.rode25.ran26.saw27.sat28.slept29.spent30.stood31.swept32.took33.taught34.thought

35.understood36.wokeup37.withdrew38.wrote

13-431.Heisgettingofftheelevator.2.Weareorderingourmeal.3.Sheispayingthewaiter.4.Weareleavingthestation.5.Theyaregoingthroughtherevolvingdoors.

13-441.Heisn’tleavingthebuilding.2.Sheisn’tenjoyinghermeal.3.Theyaren’tridingontheescalator.4.I’mnotlookingatthemenu.5.He’snottalkingonhiscellphone.

13-451.Isheleavingthebuilding?2.Issheenjoyinghermeal?3.Aretheyridingontheescalator?4.Areyoulookingatthemenu?5.Ishetalkingonhiscellphone?

13-461.Shehasn’taskeddirections.2.Wehaven’tturnedlefthere.3.Hehasn’tdrivenacar.4.Theyhaven’tgottenlost.5.Ihaven’tgonejogging.

13-471.ate2.eaten3.understand4.understood

5.write6.written7.took8.taken9.be

10.was,were11.teach12.taught13.came14.come

13-481.Ihaven’teatendinner.2.Shehasn’tleftthestation.3.Wehaven’tlookedatthemenu.4.Hehasn’torderedhislunch.5.Shehaspaidthewaiter.6.Wehaven’tboughtanythingfromastreetvendor.7.Ihaveaskedforthecheck.

13-491.Thegameisbeginning.2.Heisswimming.3.Theyarewinning.4.Sheisthrowingtheball.5.Wearesingingtogether.6.Iamgoingtothemovies.

13-501.Isthegamebeginning?2.Isheswimming?3.Aretheywinning?4.Isshethrowingtheball?5.Areyousingingtogether?6.Areyougoingtothemovies?

13-511.Hehasn’thittheball.

2.Ihaven’tseenthatmovie.3.Shehasn’thadlunchwithhim.4.Wehaven’tsungthatsong.5.Theyhaven’tdancedtogetherbefore.

13-521.Hashehittheball?2.Haveyouseenthatmovie?3.Hasshehadlunchwithhim?4.Haveyou/wesungthatsong?5.Havetheydancedtogetherbefore?



13-551.32.23.14.35.26.37.38.19.1

10.111.212.2

13-561.Iaddedtomatoestothesauce.2.Sheicedanddecoratedthecakesinthemorning.3.Hewhippedthecream.4.Theycookedforalotofpeople.5.Wegrilledthefishoutside.

13-571.Didyouaddtomatoestothesauce?2.Didsheiceanddecoratethecakesinthemorning?3.Didhewhipthecream?4.Didtheycookforalotofpeople?5.Didyougrillthefishoutside?

13-581.Wehavebarbecuedthechicken.2.Shehasremovedthepanfromtheoven.3.Hehasarrangedthesaladontheplates.4.Ihavepeeledthepotatoes.5.Theyhavespreadbutteronthebread.

13-591.Slice2.Ice3.Remove4.Spread5.Chill6.Break7.Bake8.Boil

13-601.Iamslicingthetomatoes.2.Iamicingthecake.3.Iamremovingthepanfromtheoven.4.Iamspreadingbutteronthebread.5.Iamchillingthechampagne.6.Iambreakingtheeggsintothebowl.7.Iambakingaloafofbread.8.Iamboilingwaterforthetea.

PartIVAdverbsUnit14AdverbsofPlace,Time,andFrequency

14-1

1.g2.a3.e4.b5.c6.d7.h8.f


14-31.there2.here3.there4.inside5.nearby6.up7.downstairs8.outside

14-41.inthecountry2.onahorse3.inacar4.onthefourthfloor5.inthekitchen6.injail7.inthehospital8.onabalconyORonadeckORonapatio9.atschoolORatthelibrary

10.onabicycleORonabusORonatrainORonthemetro


14-6

1.Yesterday2.Tomorrow3.nextmonth4.lastmonth5.thisFriday6.nextyear7.tenyearsago8.thismorning9.thiseveningORtonight

10.Answerswillvary.

14-71.at3:302.onweekdays3.inMarch4.in20105.inthemorning

14-81.i2.d3.h4.g5.c6.e7.j8.k9.f

10.b11.a



Unit15AdverbsofManner

15-11.actively2.aggressively3.badly4.bitterly5.bravely6.carefully7.cautiously8.charmingly9.cheaply

10.cheerfully11.civilly12.competently13.considerately14.creatively15.efficiently16.faithfully17.fortunately18.generously19.gladly20.imaginatively21.interestingly22.kindly23.loudly24.modestly25.naturally26.nervously27.nicely28.patiently29.pleasantly30.politely31.properly32.proudly33.quietly34.reverently35.securely36.selfishly

37.seriously38.sincerely39.skillfully40.slowly41.softly42.successfully43.sweetly44.tactfully45.truthfully46.weakly

15-21.capably2.comfortably3.easily4.energetically5.enthusiastically6.fast7.well8.humbly9.happily

10.noisily11.reasonably12.responsibly13.tragically

15-31.bravely2.responsibly3.easily4.Fortunately5.cheerfully6.carefully7.gladly8.badly9.creatively

10.patiently


15-51.JohndrivesmoreslowlythanMary.2.SusanworksmorecarefullythanJanet.3.CharlesplaysmorequietlythanDavid.


15-71.Marydoesn’tdriveasslowlyasJohn.2.Janetdoesn’tworkascarefullyasSusan.3.Daviddoesn’tplayasquietlyasCharles.

15-81.notasslowlyas2.fasterthan3.notasquietlyas4.betterthan5.notasenergeticallyas6.earlierthan7.notasefficientlyas8.morepatientlythan9.notashardas

10.moreseriouslythan11.notaslateas12.moresweetlythan



Unit16AdverbsThatModify

16-11.really2.hardlyORscarcely3.really4.hardlyORscarcely

16-21.wellenough2.well3.alittleORwellenough4.alittleORwellenough5.well


16-41.prettyORratherORquiteORvery2.tooORextremelyORvery3.extremelyORvery4.prettyORratherORquite5.notatall


16-61.Saraismuchshorterthanherbrother.2.JackieismuchfriendlierthanSusan.3.JoeismuchmorehelpfulthanJim.4.Maryismuchmoreathleticthanhersister.5.Patricia’sbabywasmuchsmallerthanValerie’s.



PartVEnglishintheTwenty-FirstCentury:TechnologyUnit17GeneralVocabularyforTechnology

17-11.USBflashdrive2.toner3.laptop4.harddrive5.keyboard


17-31.theWeb2.amodem3.worldwide4.Wi-Fi

17-41.ananalog2.touchscreen3.save4.downloading

Unit18ContactingOtherPeople:TheTechnologyofCommunications

18-11.anearphone2.aringer3.printingadocument4.cellphone


18-31.atelephonenumber

2.aninternationalcall3.onhold4.faxit



18-61.ane-mailaddress2.anInternetserviceprovider3..edu4.alloftheabove

Unit19GettingInformation:TheMedia

19-11.HTML2.userIDandpassword3.getinformation4.keepitasecret

Unit20Entertainment

20-11.alloftheabove2.aremotecontrol3.youhaveaccesstoalargenumberofbooks


Unit21TechnologyinOtherPlaces


Practice Makes Perfect English Vocabulary for Beginning ... · Unit 8 Making Descriptions...

Documents

Transcript of Practice Makes Perfect English Vocabulary for Beginning ... · Unit 8 Making Descriptions...