Unit Portfolio: Compare and Contrast

16. Compare and contrast the French government under the rule on Louis XVI and Napoleon Bonaparte. You may do this in any format (paragraph, chart, graph, diagram, cartoon, etc.)

Unit 3: Age of Revolutions

Lesson 2: Napoleon and the Rise of Nationalism

Textbook Correlation: Contemporaries: Chapter 16 section 4 & Chapter 18 section 1Holt: Chapter 21 sections 4-5 & Chapter 25 sections 1-2

Standards7-3.2 Analyze the effects of the Napoleonic Wars on the development and spread of nationalism in Europe, including the Congress of Vienna, the revolutionary movements of 1830 and 1848, and the unification of Germany and Italy.

Essential Questions• What were the effects of the

Napoleonic Wars?• What is nationalism?• How did the spread of nationalism

affect Europe?

NAPOLEON BUILDS AN EMPIRE

• 1804- Declared himself emperor of France

• Napoleonic Wars• France began

conquering neighboring countries

• By 1812, he controlled most of Europe

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE’S DOWNFALL1ST MISTAKE: CONTINENTAL SYSTEM

• Blockade of Britain (1806-1812)

• Wanted to disrupt Britain's trade

• Hurt France and their allies more than Britain

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE’S DOWNFALL2ND MISTAKE: PENINSULAR WAR

France vs.

War for control of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal)

Spain, Britain, Portugal• Spain and Portugal refused

to follow Continental System• Napoleon conquered the

region and made his brother the King of Spain

• Spanish revolted with the help of the British

• War drained France’s resources and they were eventually kicked out

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE’S DOWNFALL3RD MISTAKE: INVASION OF RUSSIA

• The Grand Army 600,000 soldiers went into Russia• Russians retreated and burned or destroyed anything

the French could use as they went• No food or shelter• French forced to retreat• 200,000 returned• Russia invaded France

ClassworkAtlas Worksheet 58“The Empire of Napoleon”

End Day 1 (Monday)

Unit Portfolio: Interpreting Timelines

17. For approximately how many years was Napoleon emperor?18. In 1815, Napoleon escaped from exile and returned to gain control

of France. What conclusions can you make about his character based on this?

19. Looking at the events that happened between 1803-1805, why do you think Napoleon might have sold the Louisiana territory to the United States?

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE’S 1ST EXILE

• Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain joined Russia and attacked France

• In 1814, Napoleon surrendered his throne & was exiled to Elba.

• Louis XVIII became King of France

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE’S 2ND EXILE

• The Hundred Days War• In 1815, Napoleon escaped from Elba• Gathered his allies and reclaimed control of France • Great Britain, Prussia, and the Netherlands invaded

• Defeated at Waterloo and exiled to St. Helena.

EFFECTS OF NAPOLEON’S EMPIRECONGRESS OF VIENNA

• Gathering of European Powers who defeated France

• Wanted to reestablish the balance of power in Europe

• Brought absolute monarchies back to countries Napoleon had defeated

Activity: Congress of ViennaWorking with a partner to redraw the boundaries of Europe after the fall of Napoleon’s Empire.

Activity: Congress of ViennaEurope After the Congress of Vienna

ClassworkFinish Atlas Worksheet 58“The Empire of Napoleon”

End Day 2 (Tuesday)

Unit Portfolio: Video Quiz

20. What is one way we express nationalism in this school?21. How did Napoleon help create nationalism in France?22. How did Napoleon create nationalism in his enemies?

If doing these from home, look up the answers on the internet.

EFFECTS OF NAPOLEON’S EMPIRENATIONALISM

Rise of Nationalism

Enlightenment ideas spread by

French army

Napoleon tried to force French culture on

conquered people

People began to feel more loyal to own culturePeople began to

resist French control

SO WHAT IS NATIONALISM?

• Nation: group of people linked by a shared culture• Nationalism

• Loyalty to your culture (common language, history, religion)

• Belief that each nation should have its own state (nation-state)

• Promoted loyalty to nation of people not a king or empire

• Source of pride and patriotism

Classwork: Bonds That Create a Nation-State

In a nation-state people are linked by common cultural bonds. What common bonds do people in the United States share? On a separate sheet of paper, create the chart below and identify bonds for each category. Circle the one that you feel binds us the strongest.

Common Bonds That Link the People of America Today

NationalityTerritory/Land

GovernmentLanguage

Religion

EconomyOther:

Clash of Philosophies Throughout Europe

• Congress of Vienna• Conservatives• Loyal to Kings• Wanted absolute

monarchies

• Nationalism• Moderates and Radicals• Loyal to culture and

people• Wanted democracy and

self-rule

TYPES OF NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS IN THE 1800S

• Separation groups splintered off from their current government to form one that was more representative of their own interests.(Greeks from Ottoman Empire)

• Unification: people of common culture from different states join together. (Germany, Italy)

ClassworkRead PASS Coach Lesson 13 and answer the four questions at the end of the lesson.

End Day 3 (Wednesday)

Unit Portfolio: Interpreting Maps

Use the map on page 283 of your text book to answer the following questions23. Which two areas made up the

Kingdom of Sardinia?24. When did Venice get added to Italy?25. The area around which city was the

last to get added to the Italy?

Nationalists Challenge Conservative Power • Greece Gains Independence

• Part of Ottoman Empire• Revolted against the Turks (1821)• Got help from other European countries• Won independence in (1830)

• Uprisings in Central Europe• Belgian, Italian, Polish liberals and nationalists launched

revolts (early 1830s)• Hungarians and Czechs tried to separate from Austria

(1848)• All Failed

Question: Why did Greece get help from other European countries while Central European uprisings were put down?

More Governments in France • Charles X

• King of France after Waterloo defeat of Napoleon• Tried to restore absolute monarchy• Forced to flee to Great Britain

• Louis-Philippe• Ruled until 1848-overthrown in favor of a republic

• Louis-Napoleon• Napoleon’s nephew• Elected president of republic• took the title of Emperor Napoleon III• built railroads• promoted industrialization• revived French economy

Italy in 1800s

• Large parts of Italy ruled by Austria and Spain

• Broken into many smaller kingdoms

• Failed Nationalist uprising in 1848

Unification of Italy• Camillo di Cavour

• Prime minister of kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia

• Largest and most powerful Italian State• Gained control of Austrian-controlled land in

northern Italy• Giuseppi Garibaldi

• Lead nationalists “Red Shirts” and conquered Sicily uniting southern Italy

• Cavour convinced Garibaldi to unite southern Italy and Piedmont-Sardinia

• 1860-King Victor Emanuel II crowned king of Italy

• Venice and Papal States joined (1870)

ClassworkAtlas Worksheet 59“New Boundaries in Europe”

End Day 4 (Thursday)

Unit Portfolio: DBQ

Use the primary sources provided to answer the following questions

26. Why did Otto von Bismarck claim that Prussia had to attack Austria?

27. According to Helmuth von Moltke, why did Prussia go to war with Austria?

28. Why did Prussia want to become friends with Austria again and not “wound them too severely?”

Germany in the early 1800s

• Divided into many independent states• Each ruled by different leaders• German Confederation (1815)

• 39 loosely joined German states• Prussia and Austria the most powerful

• Prussia• Powerful army with a liberal constitution• Ruled by Wilhelm I• Supported by Junkers: conservative nobles

Otto von Bismarck• Prime Minister of Prussia

under King Wilhelm I• Practiced Realpolitik

“the politics of reality”• Power politics without

room for idealism• “Might makes right!”• Defied Prussian

parliament• Push for a unified

Germany-used military force

Three Wars of German Unification• The Danish War: Prussia joined with Austria to

gain territories from Denmark (1866)• Seven Weeks War

• Purposely made border conflicts with Austria• Seized Austrian territory in northern Germany• Northern German states joined Prussia

• Franco-Prussian War (1871)• Bismarck wanted to gain support of the remaining

German states• Prussia wanted French territory• Bismarck provoked war • Inspired nationalism in southern German states

• 1871-Wilhelm I crowned emperor of a united Germany

Unit Portfolio: Check on Learning

29. What three mistakes led to Napoleon Bonaparte’s downfall?

30. What were the effects of the Congress of Vienna?

31. Describe realpolitik.32. How did the following contribute to the

nationalist movements of their people?- Otto von Bismarck- Camillo di Cavour- Giuseppi Garibaldi

ClassworkFinish Atlas Worksheet 59“New Boundaries in Europe”

End Day 5 (Friday)