Unit 4 The French Revolution and Napoleon. Causes of the French Revolution.
Chapter 21 French Revolution and Napoleon
description
Transcript of Chapter 21 French Revolution and Napoleon
Chapter 21 French Revolution and Napoleon
Section 3: The French Republic
I. The National Convention (Sept. 1792-1795)
A. Elected by Universal manhood suffrageB. Girondins- feared domination of France by
ParisC. Jacobins- republicans favored Paris- radical
1. Led by Maximilien Robespierre and Georges- Jacques Danton
D. New Constitution and WarE. Charged Louis XVI- executed
Assignment
Execution newspaper- guidelines handed out
“The king must die so that the country can live.” Robespierre
II. Exporting The Revolution
A. Committee of Public Safety- 17931. Direct army in beating foreign invaders2. Revolutionary Tribunal
B. Opposition- not all radicals1. counterrevolutionary- Royal Catholic in West
MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRETHE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF TERROR
SPEECH TO THE CONVENTION, FEBRUARY 5, 1794• If virtue be the spring of a popular government in times of
peace, the spring of that government during a revolution is virtue combined with terror: virtue, without which terror is destructive; terror, without which virtue is impotent. Terror is only justice prompt, severe and inflexible; it is then an emanation of virtue; it is less a distinct principle than a natural consequence of the general principle of democracy, applied to the most pressing wants of the country. ... The government in a revolution is the despotism of liberty against tyranny. Is force only intended to protect crime? Is not the lightning of heaven made to blast vice exalted?
III. The Reign of Terror- (Sept 1793- July 1794)
A. Revolutionary TribunalB. Directed against everyone suspected of disloyaltyC. Danton & Robespierre
1. Head of Committee2. Use guillotine
D. Robespierre sends Danton to guillotineE. July 1794- Robespierre arrested guillotined
1. Thermidor Reaction
Assignment
• It has been estimated that more than 10,000 people were killed during the Reign of Terror! Madame Roland, wife of a Girondist leader, moments before her death uttered, “O Liberty, O Liberty, what crimes are committed in thy name!”
• You are to write an opinion piece explaining why the Reign of Terror has gone too far, works against the Declaration for the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, and is counterproductive to the goals of the Revolution
IV. Work of the National Convention
A. “Republic of Virtue”1. New schools2. Universal elementary education3. Wage and price controls
B. Metric systemC. New CalendarD. French Army victorious- militaristic spirit
VI. The Directory- 1795
A. 2- house legislatureB. Executive branch- directors- 5 individualsC. Quarreled- weak- corrupt
National Convention Directory
Voters
Executive Branch
Length of Rule
Use of Terror
VII. The Napoleon Bonaparte
A. Background- militaryB. Coup d’ etat
Assignment
• List Napoleon’s important achievements prior to 1799
• Explain how Napoleon’s military victories helped him come to power