Learning Theories

Module 2:Adult Learners and ID Models

Course Title: Designing and Delivering Successful Training Programs

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LEARNING THEORIES

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

CONSTRUCTIVISM

ANDRAGOGY

MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES

THEORY

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Adults learn best through:

▫ Active participation and involvement in the planning and evaluation of their instruction

▫ Hands-on learning (experiences, including mistakes, provide the basis for learning activities)

▫ Learning content that has immediate relevance to their job or personal life

▫ Problem-centered learning rather than content-oriented

KEYWORDS: adult learning, self-directed, goal-oriented, active participation

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Andragogy Originator: Malcolm Knowles

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Andragogy vs. Pedagogy

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Originator: Bandura

“Most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.” (Bandura)

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Social Learning Theory

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Learning involves four steps:

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Social Learning Theory

KEYWORDS: modeling

1. Attention: to focus on something or someone

2. Retention: to store information from the observed behavior

3. Reproduction: to perform the observed behavior

4. Motivation: to be motivated to imitate the modeled behavior

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Originators and important contributors: Vygotsky, Piaget, Dewey, Bruner

• This theory, or better paradigm, suggests that learning is an active, constructive process, where learners construct information by linking new information to prior knowledge and by creating their own subjective representations of objective reality.

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Constructivism

KEYWORDS: Learning as experience, activity and dialogical process, Problem-

Based Learning (PBL), Situated Learning, Discovery Learning (Bruner), Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) (Vygotsky), Cognitive Apprenticeship (scaffolding)

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Constructivism

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Multiple Intelligences Theory

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Multiple Intelligences Theory Originator: Howard Gardner (1983)

1. Linguistic: the ability to use spoken or written words

2. Logical-Mathematical: inductive and deductive thinking and reasoning abilities, logic, as well as the use of numbers and abstract pattern recognition.

3. Visual-Spatial: the ability to mentally visualize objects and spatial dimensions.

4. Body-Kinesthetic: the wisdom of the body and the ability to control physical motion.

5. Musical-Rhythmic: the ability to master music as well as rhythms, tones and beats.

6. Interpersonal: the ability to communicate effectively with other people and to be able to develop relationships.

7. Intrapersonal: the ability to understand one’s own emotions, motivations, inner states of being, and self-reflection.

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Curriculum design must incorporate each of these intelligences to benefit all learners.

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Multiple Intelligences Theory

KEYWORDS: multiple intelligences

Originator: Howard Gardner (1983)

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LEARNING THEORY KEYWORDS Andragogy adult learning, self-directed, goal-oriented,

active participation

Social Learning Theory modeling

Constructivism learning as experience, activity and dialogical process; Problem- Based Learning (PBL), situated learning, discovery learning (Bruner), Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) (Vygotsky), cognitive apprenticeship (scaffolding)

Multiple Intelligences Theory multiple intelligences

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Overview

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