Revolution

What is a Revolution ?

~ A revolution is a turning point in History

~ It is when a significant change occurs

~ It would not be the same today if that change did not occur

Features of a Revolution

~ Involves a lot of people

~ Involves a drastic change in the system/society

~ Usually takes place within a short period of time

~ Has both positive and negative impacts

Industrial Revolution

• Took place between 1750 to 1850

• Fundamental changes in agriculture, transportation, textile manufacture and social structure in Britain

• A shift from a labour-intensive economy to an economy dominated by machine manufacture

Why British was 1st to Industrialised?

• Stable Economy• Growing population• Need for a new source of energy :In the past, people use timber as main source of fuel. They started

looking for a new source of energy when they realise timber is running

out. Then they found coal.

• Enclosure movement :This is when richer farmers expand their own lands by buying lands

from farmers with smaller lands. Farmers who sold their land have no

place to stay and thus have to move to the cities and work in factories.

This provides a large number of labour force in factories.

People Involved~ Farmers : Before - Subsistence Farming - Where people farm to survive and barely have enough food to survive on. - Must leave land to waste for some time after growing crops on it for a period of time

to allow the nutrients to go back into the soil.

After - Scientific Farming : - People started experimenting with farming, which led to crop rotation, which is when

people plant different crops in different fields from year to year so it can replenish the fertility of the soil.

- Leads to surplus farming, which is when people grow more food than they need

~ Children- Exploitation of children (child labour) in factories and mills

~ Inventors- Inventors start building up on works of others

~ Workers - Factory workers might lose their job if machines were invented to take over them

Inventors John Kay

~ Invented the Flying Shuttle

~ Allowed people to weave faster

~ Allowed cloth of greater width to be woven

~ Changed the manual labour-based

weaving industry into a mechanized one.

~ Increases products produced

Inventors James Hargreaves

~ Invented the Spinning Jenny

~ Multi-spool spinning frame

~ Allowed people to spin threads faster

~ Less work for the spinner as they can spin many threads at once

~ Later models could spin as much as 80 threads at once

~ Help spinners work faster as the flying shuttle make weaves work so fast spinners cannot catch up

Inventors Richard Arkwright

~ Invented the Water Frame

~ Water-powered, weather dependent

~ Use one water wheel to drive many spinning frames

~ Could work 96 strands of yarn at the same time, but only one thread at a time

~ Produced stronger threads for yarns

~ Could spin cotton threads

Inventors Samuel Crompton

~ Invented the Spinning Mule

~ Spinning Jenny + Water Frame = Spinning Mule

~ Textile fibers are wrapped around the spindle

~ Through pulling and twisting, yarn is made from the fibers

~ Increased variety in thread and yarn

~ Gave spinner greater control in weaving process

~ Finer yarn could now be made

Inventors Edmund Cartwright

~ Invented the Power Loom

~ Mechanised loom powered by a line shaft

~ Used water power instead of steam power which speeds up the weaving process

Inventors James Watt

~ Invented the Steam Engine

~ Made improvements to the Newcomen steam engine

~ Introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines

~ Animation : http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/steam1.htm

Inventors Eli Whitney

~ Invented the Cotton Gin

~ Machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, allowing for much greater productivity than manual cotton separation. 

~ The fibers are processed into clothing or other cotton goods, and any undamaged seeds may be used to grow more cotton or to produce cottonseed oil and meal

Drastic Change In Systems

~ A change in the Social Structure : The emergence of the middle class people

~ A change in transportation :Before that, people get from place to place by walking or on horseback

After that, people can travel by steam engines

Impacts

Positive NegativeInventions of machines to increase produce -> more revenue -> boost economy

Air polluted by factory smoke

Inventions of machines that reduces human labour

Water polluted by litter and sewage

Inventions of machines that produces products of better quality

Exploitation of children, child labour

More products produced -> lower price

Thank You