PowerPoint Guide - Oakwood Academy
Transcript of PowerPoint Guide - Oakwood Academy
PowerPoint Guide
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2.1 Growing the Business
2.1.3 Impact of globalisation on businesses
Key elements to this topic
ExportsImports
Changing business locations
Multinationals
What is globalisation?
The free movement of goods, The free movement of goods, services, people, capital,
information and technology, enabling businesses to sell their products anywhere in
the world.
Different aspects of globalisation
Benefits and drawbacks of globalisation
Multinationals
Changing business locations
Imports and exports
In recent years, the world has increasingly become one market. New technology, economic development and
improved travel have all meant businesses can consider producing and
selling anywhere in the world.
Development of globalisation
Benefits of globalisation
• Increased markets• Access to cheaper labour
and raw materials • International specialisation• Increased levels of
efficiency, due to an increased level of competition
• Transfer of knowledge, skills and technology
Drawbacks of globalisation
• International competitors with cheaper costs
• Power of multinational brands
• Whole industry closures• In the UK, there has been
movement away from the manufacturing sector to the tertiary sector
• Effects of events in other countries
Why does international trade matter?
International trade really matters to the UK.
About 28% of the goods and services we produce are sold abroad (exports), while 30% of what we buy comes from other countries (imports).
Exports and imports generate revenue for businesses in different countries leading to business growth.
What are imports?
Imports are goods or services brought into one country from another. The most imported goods around the world are
petrol and cars.
The impact of imports
ImportsForeign
imports to the UK increase
competition for UK firms
Consumers are able to buy goods and services
from overseas
leading to an increase in consumer choice
What are exports?
Exports arise as a function of Exports arise as a function of international trade, whereby goods and services produced by one country are sold to
another country.
Time for some breaking news stories. Let’s cross to our reporters…
According to Statista, which countries were the largest exporters in the world in 2016. Rank in order.
UK
South Korea
China
Netherlands
Germany
Japan
Italy
France
USA
Hong Kong
12345
678910
ChinaUSA
GermanyJapan
Netherlands
Hong KongFrance
South KoreaItaly UK
In 2016, what were the UK’s most popular food and drink exports. Select the top 5 and rank in order.
Soft drinks
Gin
Chocolate
Cheese
Whiskey
Beef
Beer
Wine
Wheat
Salmon
12345
678910Cheese
Chocolate
Wheat
Whiskey Wine
Soft drinks
Gin
SalmonBeefBeer
The biggest import by country
Chocolate sales boost UK exports
The manufacture of cocoa, sugar and chocolate confectionary is now worth £1.1 bn to the UK economy.
In the UK, more than £680 m of chocolate was bought by foreign customers.
UK chocolate exports were up by 84% in 2017, compared to a decade ago.
Exporting successThe Grown Up Chocolate company was founded in 2010 by James Ecclestone. Its indulgent, handmade chocolates are produced in its factory in Essex. The business is a British manufacturer that sells its chocolates both in the UK and overseas. 25% of its sales come from exporting overseas.
This is an example of a good that is exported from the UK. As a result, money flows back into the UK.
Exporting can involve physical products or “invisible” exports, such as services. Examples include banking, tourism, education or professional services, such as accountancy and legal services.
Exports
Take a look at this interactive map to see how the UK trades with the rest of the world
Global success for Rockfish Wellies
Rockfish, a new Cornwall based manufacturer, is already exporting its boots to over 15 countries, including China.
“The UK high street is quite sewn up, so building a brand here is very difficult, but abroad they like to see new brands coming through all the time.”
‐ Rockfish MDExplain one benefit to Rockfish Wellies of
exporting their boots overseas.
Changing business locations
HJ Heinz moved production of HP sauce from Birmingham to
Holland.
Nestle plan to move production of Blue Riband biscuit to its plant in Poland.
Toymaker, Hornby, owner of brands such as Scalextric, Airfix and
Corgi moved production to China. In 2013, Hornby brought the
manufacture of it’s Airfix plane kits back to the
UK.
Identify one reason why businesses choose to change their business
location
Just a minute…
Reasons for changing business location
• To access lower manufacturing costs (particularly in countries which enjoy the advantage of lower labour costs)
• To access potentially better skilled & higher quality supply
• To makes use of existing capacity overseas• To take advantage of free trade areas and avoid
protectionism (this will be covered later)• To make it easier to target international markets
(where it is important to be located in, or near to, those markets)
Nestle propose to move production overseas
Nestle recently announced proposals to move production of the iconic Blue Riband chocolate bar from the UK to Poland, resulting in over 300 job losses. This decision was made following increasing import costs and rising UK labour costs, compared to Poland.
The company added, “our factory in Kargowa, Poland, is the centre of excellence for this type of wafer‐based product and is the logical place for us to propose future Blue Riband production.”
Question time
1. Define the term ‘imports’2. Outline two benefits to
Nestle of moving production of its Blue Riband to Poland
What is a multinational company?
A multinational company (MNC) is a business that has operations in more than one country.
Note: that a business does not become a MNC simply because it sells its goods and services to more than one country. The key to being a MNC is that the business has operations in two or more countries.
A key feature of the process of globalisation has been the increasing impact of MNCs as they expand their operations into more than one country.
Multinationals
Reasons for becoming a multinational company
Operate closer to target international marketsProducing closer to target markets may reduce transport costs (which will be important for bulky goods). Operating closer to the target market will provide better information on the local market and its specific needs.
Gaining access to lower costs of productionMany MNCs have taken advantage of lower production costs from operating in developing economies. For some businesses, it is more beneficial to set up their own operations in order to meet domestic demand, as well as supply demand in the host and nearby countries.
Avoiding protectionismBy producing in a host country, a MNC may be able to avoid restrictions on imports, such as tariffs and import quotas.
Examples of MNCs
• Google• Marriott (Hotels)• Microsoft• Sony• Pepsi• Coca Cola• Nestle• Apple• Volkswagen• Toyota
Be the Business Detective…
Your challenge is to investigate a MNC of your choice and create a business profile.
The profile should contain the following:
1. When the company was founded?2. What industry/sector does the MNC
operate in?3. What goods or services does it offer?4. What brands does the company own?5. How many employees does it have
worldwide?6. Identify two benefits to this business of it
being a MNC
Next lesson, you will be given 90 seconds to feedback your findings!