Potential of rural tourism in Romania

8/18/2019 Potential of rural tourism in Romania

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Journal of tourism

[No. 10]

POTENTIAL OF RURAL TOURISM IN ROMANIA

Professor Ph.D. Florina BRAN Professor Ph.D. Daniela HINCU

Associate Professor Ph.D. Ildiko IOAN

Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania

Abstract

The tourism industry plays a more and more important role in the world economy, and is generallyacknowledged to represent a significant source of economic growth for the European Union. In the present

Romanian tourism losing the competitieness face to demand of international market, moreoer tourismcontri!ution to the growth of the national economy is ery low. This paper presents aspects of the rural tourismand analyses the Romanian tourism potential that holds a giant attractie heritage and Romanian rural tourismcreates the conditions for preseration of structural and spiritual identity of the Romanian illage . "odernhuman preferences are increasingly to rural tourism, !ecause the illages are more accessi!le, more !eautiful and original than many resorts suffer from smoothing.

e! "ords# #atural capital, $ustaina!le use, Rural tourism, Protected areas, Tradition, Romania.

$EL classi%ication# %&', ()*.

&' INTRODUCTION

The Great changes in global products led to theincreasing number of urban population, growth per capita income, development of transport, increasedleisure, elements that supported the tourism thereforethe individual became a !homo turisticus" in his desireto travel and to spend free time outside his place of residence. #i$e any activity that evolves the !tourism"

notion has been a sub%ect of research and can say thathas become a phenomenon of our time.

Tourism is defined by some authors as !allrelationships and phenomena resulting from themovement and settlement of persons outside of their residence as long as movement and settlement is notmotivated by a permanent stability or any gainfulactivity."

Tourism can also mean one side of the tertiarysector of the economy, where wor$ is performed toorgani&e and conduct trips or recreational trips todifferent persons, 'ongress meetings, including allactivities re(uired meeting the tourist need for consumption and services.

At E) level, by signing the *aastricht Treat itshows that strengthening of the )nion will not beachieved without the development of tourism. The proposed measures were discussed and the *eeting of member countries in Athens in +-, where it has beenunderlined that tourism will become one of Europeseconomic priorities. All resolutions issued by theEuropean /arliament shows that the tourism industrysupports economic growth and reduce regionaldisparities. E) representatives have shown thatTourism is a multidisciplinary field of interdependencies among economic, social, cultural,environment sectors, which re(uires greater legislative

support

Actually European )nion0s tourism holding

123 of the mar$et and maintains its role as a leader inworld tourism being considered important for theeconomic growth and employment 4it offers 5 3 of the total wor$ places6.

(' RURAL TOURISM CONCEPT

7nterest in countryside recreation grew in thenineteenth century as a reaction to the stress ands(ualor of the e8panding industrial cities. Ruraltourism is tourism which ta$es place in thecountryside. But, on deeper consideration, a simpledefinition of rural tourism is inade(uate for many purposes. E(ually, it is difficult to produce a morecomple8 definition which applies to all rural areas inall countries.

9ver the past 1: years, the tourism industry hascreated very powerful forms of e8pressionconcentrated in the resorts and tourist towns,valorising a tourist !standard" offer of industrial type.

7n the last period numerous factors as;globali&ation, industriali&ation and urbani&ation process, amplification of pollution, stress increasinghave created the premises to return to village world.

?


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Journal of tourism

people.At its beginning, wasintended tohave alimitedsocialandeconomic roleinfamilyareas, butgraduallydiversif ied itsoffer,

and becamea $eycomponent of regionalandlocaldevelopment policiesof ruralcommunities.

According to the=T9definition theruraltourismisdetermined bythefollowingaspects;

Ru

ralsettlements

@e

epi

ng

the

are

as

fun

ctionali

ty

/re

ser

vati

on

of

rur

al

inf

ras

tru

ctu

re/re

ser

vin

g

the

tra

diti

on

al

life

sty

le

/reser

vat

ion

of

spe

cifi

c

cul

tur

al

ide

ntit

y.

All theseelements have becomecorecomponents of ruraltourism,and afundamentalre(uirement is$eepingof themas muchas possible.

*oreover,indefiningtheconceptof rural

tourismalsocontributed anumber of other elements which


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madethe si&eandvaluethat hasgainedruraltourismin thelast

decadesof thecenturyashighlights;

/sychologicaldi

mensionwhichreliesonhumanneedtoen %oymomentsof restand

recr eationandgeneratesome

newcloser relation

ship betweenhostsan

dtour iststhatar emissinginother for msof tour ism

Socialdimensionthroughresident

scitycomeintocontactwith

aspecialwor ld


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muchcloser tonatur e,

asim plelif estyle,relationship

sthatar e born betweenlocals

andtouristsar emor etoler ant

withopeningto$noweachother

Geogr aphical

si&ehasmanyim plicationsfor thema%or com pone

ntsandchar acteristicsasclimat

e,hydr ology,soil(uality,flor a

andfauna

)rbandimensionwhi

chreferstothesp


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atialor gani&ation,si&eof

po pulationof ruralsettlements,the

levelof theinf rastr uctur e.

Tourismdevelop

ment is both aneconomical andsocialnecessity in theruralenvironment,contributes tothevillageeconomythrough;

The possi bilityof cr eatinga

policythatwill

leadtoitslongter mde

velo pment,incon%unctionwithother regional policiesagricult

ur e,infr astr ucture,environ

mental pr otection

The possibili

tyof becominga


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su pporter for new busine

ssesand %o bsandtoestablishane

wlocalandregionaldevelo pment

Byencour aginglocaltradit

ionalactivities,es peciallycr aftsmanship butals

othosewhichcandeter minethedevelo pmentof

aspecifictr adeandalsocr eate

new %o bs

Theincr ease

of in

comefo

r theinha

bitants

of ru

ralsettle


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mentsgenerat

ed byth

eca pit

ali&ationof lo

calreso

ur ce

s,ecological

agrofood

pr oductsfor

touristconsu

m

ptionor mar

$etingandth

ee8

istingto

urist.

[No. 10]

R uralspacereflects thestronger andthe

realdimensionof realhuman beingsandnatureandspecificformsof organi

&ation.7nconce ptionof manyspecialists,tourism is a!realengine" of develo pmentinruralareas.

)

'

R

U

R

A

L

TO

U

R

I

S

M

I

N

R

O

MA

NI

A


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efiningRomanianvillage may bemadefromsever

al pointsof scientificapproach.:s 02:s

butonly between

+2 +-

therehave beenattempts to


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try torevitali&e itthrough theidenti

fication of 22

!touristvillag

es"fromall theethnographic

areasandthehomol

ogation of

the peasanthouseholds, but

theactionwasstopped for

politicalreasons.

After +:actions wereinitiated to prom

otetheruraltourism atanorgani&ational,legislative,formational,resear

chandinternationalcooperation

level.ThusThe'ommissionof the*ountainAreawas

established,whichalsohadthetas$sof organi&ingand promoting

tourism intheruralenvironment, andafter thatthespeciali&edeconomic

agentsappear ed.Alsowas promotedand published9rd.5>C+- and

#aw Do.-1C+-whichhasfacilitatedthedevelo pmentof ruraltouris

m inthemountainarea.

An


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impor tantrole istheestablishment in+1of the Datio

nalAssociationfor Rural,Ecologicaland'ultur alTourism4ADTRE'6gave anewimpulse tothis$indof tourism,through thecreation of

+:district brancheswithalmost ?::agrotouristfarmsand boarding

houses andtheanne8ationof other householdsformthecountr y4from

+:districts6, intheseason of +1

appro8imately+>-:of suchtouristunitesfunctioned.

R omaniaholdsa giantattractiveheritageintended tocapitali&e the

followingitems;architecturetraditionalcostume popular musicartisticandcraftycreation,withspeciallye(uippedwor$shopswheretourists lead

by popular e8perts andartistscaninitiate in;sacredimage paintings onglass,naive painting,ceramicsetc.attract


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ionsof fishing andhuntinginterestclimatic and

landscapeconditionsfromthevillages onhillsor mountains

withscatter edhouseholds,idealfor thosewholove

peaceandsolitar ywal$s.Thevariousformsof relief spread

>


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Journal of tourism

harmonythroughout thecountry, theclimateis also beneficial to practiceall year tourist.Thought thespeciesof floraandfauna, bymuseums andcollections, our countrycanactivelycontribute tomeetingthedomestic andinternational

tourists0motivations.

*oreover , ruralarea of Romania holdsageneroustouring potential,resulting fromthe factthatabout:3 of theRomanianterritor y isruraladministrated.At thelevel of year >::,more

than-13 of peopleof thecountrywereestablished inrural

areasandmorethan2>3wereinvolvedin ruralactivities.

R uralsettlements

locatedine8tremely varied places,in termsof landscape andthe wayin whichresources and

household areasareused,mayfacilitatethestructuring of varioustourist productsandclientele

segmentation,depending on preferences.


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comfort,represents a potential factor of attraction.

A seriesof factors4e8cessivecentrali&ationinagriculture andeconomy6 ledto loss

of individualinitiative andwideningdisparities between cityandvillagewhich

didn0tsupportruraltourism.


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tyleandwor $ verystr

essf ul.A pplicationof thenew

achievementsof scienceandtec

hnology,ma$ ethe physicaleff

ortto beassmallandmor ecomm

on.7nthiscont

e8t,invacationis

remar $sgener altende

ncytospendtimeinnat

ur e,toma$ easmuchm

ovement,andto br oa

den$ now


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ledge,togainmor ein

de pendenceand physicalandm

entalrela8ation.encethemoti

vationof touriststoesca petorur

alar easandnatur altouristland

scapeincr ease

d.

Thefactthatrura

ltour ismhas pr ovedamor eattr activealternativeth

antheclassicandmor eaf

forda blehasmademor eandmor eR o


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maniansto pr ef er thisfor mof rest.

7ncr easedlevelof

educationandculturaltraining,thussocietyunderstoodthathardnesstowardsnatur eisnot awaytosu pportasustainab

le,fle8i bledev

elo pmentinthedirection

of com biningeconomic

andecologicalcr iter ia.

Basicallymoreandmoretourists prefer areturn tonature,reasonappliesto allcategories of

age, profession,socialstatus, becauseof needsfor


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recover y andrela8ation.


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of citylife.

R omaniahas

been asuccessfuldestinationintheinternatio

naltourism.7nthe:s,Romaniawaswel

l$nown bythemainEur opeancountries,esp

eciallyGer many,England,France,andBelgiu

mandim por tanttonote, it

started begantodevelopruraltour

ismfocusedonunderstandingof customand popular

art.7n presentBasedon=or ldBan$ developmentindicatorsandon)nited Dationsdata,=or

ldTravelandTourism'ouncilreports,eightcountriesareconsideredcom petit


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orsonthetourismmar$etfor

Romania;Bulgar ia,'roatia,Ser bia,unga

ry,the'&echRe public,Slova$ ia,/olandand)$

raine6.'omparedtothesecountries,

theaveragetourismcompetitivenessind

e8inRomaniais1?.

+,lower thantheregister edvalues

inungary, the'&echRepublic,Bulgaria,'ro

atia,/olandandSlova$ia, beinghigher onlyinrelat

ionwith)$r aineandSer bia.

T

ab

l

e

1

-

A

v

e

r

a

g e

t o

u

r

i

sm


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c

om

p

e

t

i

t

i

v

e

ne

s

s

index

Co*ntr!

ungary

'&ech Republic

Bulgaria

'roatia

/oland

Slova$ia

Romania

E8pansionof touristguest

houses inrecentyearsreveal

sthegrowinginterestfor ruraltour

ism.Rur alguesthouseitalmosttripledinlastyear .

+-:: +5.:::

+2:: Dumber of units Accommodation

+-.:::

+>::

+>.:::

++::

n u m ! e r o f u n i t s

+::: +:.:::

n u m ! e r o f p l a c e s

:: ?.:::

?::5.:::

::-.:::

5::

1:: >.:::

-:: :

>::+ >::> >::2 >::- >::1 >::5

Source; Dational7nstituteforStatistics

2:


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Journal of tourism

Fi+*re & ,Trends o% +*est-o*se *n

its and acco..odation /laces

7ncreasing thecapacit

y of themaincategories of accommodation inrecentyears issignificant.: and>13.

According to*aster /lan for Tourismdevelopment of ruraltourismit faceswith thefollowschallenges;

/r omotionof pr otecte

dar easfor a better $nowledge

andfacilitationof accesstomor

evisitor swithou


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t %eopar di&ingtheenvir onment

7nformingvisitor sab

outtheop portunitiesof ruralar eas,includingaccommodation,activiti

es,attractionsandevents

Assistanc

eof ruraltourism

pr ovider s4oftenmicro

enterprises6toenter onintern

ationalmar $etinter msof costef ficiency

Tr aditionaladvertising

of events,customsandcr af tsthatinterestthetour ist


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s.

Europeanfinancialassistance can be achancefor

development of ruraltourism byRegional9perational/rogramme issustaineddevelop

ment of regionalandlocaltourism,with ashare of +13 of total publice8penditure,fromEurope

anRegional


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andcreating theinfrastructureneeded toraiseRoma

nia0sattractiveness astouristdestination.

2

'

C

ON

CL

U

S

I

O

N

R uraltouris

m is arealitytodayandmoving toruraltourism is acontinuousascent. Thisform

of tourism is avalua blecomponentof theRomaniantouristindustry, but

besides thegener alfeatur es of this

activity,showssomespecificaspects. Allthesehuman

settlements beyond thenaturalenvironment,demographic,econo

micaspectswhichinfluencesareindividuali&ed bytherichness of fol$

architectureelements,traditionsandcustoms.Romanianruralarea is

part of theEuropeanspace but isindividuali&ed byvariety,tradition andcultur

e.Romanianruraltourismcreate


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s theconditionsfor preser vationof structuraland

spiritualidentity of theRomanianvillage.Ruraltourism isone of

themostefficientsolutions for harmoni&ationtouris

mdemands andenvironment preser vationandsustainabledevelo pmentrules.

+. Bran, F., :::6

Economiaturismului +imediuluincon-urtor ,EdituraEconomic,BucureHti.

>. Bran, F.,Simion, T.,*arin, ::>6 Politici

+i strategii demediu, EdituraEconomic,BucureHti.

-. Distoreanu, /.

4+6 Elemente deecoturism +iturism rural ,Editura ASE,BucureHti+.

1. Baleanu, I.,7rimie, S.7onica, A.4>::56 A!out the RomanianTourism

Potential/ The #atural

$trengths of the "ainTourist

Destinations./ublished in;Annals of the)niversity of /etroHani,


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Economics. 5. JJJ 4+-6

Tourism strategies and rural deelopment ,9E'::6The Regional 0perational

Programme for 122*3124',*inistry of :+:6

"aster Planul pentru De5oltar eaTurismului

#ational

122*31216 ,*inistryof Tourism.


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Potential of rural tourism in Romania

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