Populating Utah

Sources

•When discovering history we use two types of resources: Primary sources and secondary sources.

•Primary Sources are made by people who were there at the time.

•Secondary Sources are indirect accounts of what happened.

Archaeologists

•Scientist that study people we do not have a written account for.

•Use things like clay pots, charred bones, and burial sites.

•Can not know everything, because we do not have all the pieces. Ex: Written language

Prehistoric vs. Historic

•Prehistoric refers to people before there was any written accounts.

•Historic refers to the time in history where we have written accounts.

Danger Cave

•Was found by Jesse Jennings•Inside they found leather scraps, piece of

strings, net of twine, coarse fabric.•Oldest material was over 11,000 years

old.•One of the oldest human sites in Northern

America.•Evidence suggest that desert population

sparse, hunter-gatherers, cave dwellers

Hogup Cave•Limestone cavern just west of the Great Salt

Lake.•Found and studied in the 1960’s•Used for over 8,000 years by different cultures.•First culture used it mainly to harvest pickle

weed: probably use it a preservative.•Second culture, Fremont people, used it as a

temporary shelter.•Third was used by Shoshone left pottery and

animal hides.

Paleo-Indian People

•Paleo means ancient•They lived all over North America•Were a hunter-gatherers•Hunted animals that do not exist anymore:

mammoths, and sabertooth tiger.•Thin sticks used as spears•They also gathered seeds, nuts, and other

wild plants.•Had to move around in order to survive.

The Archaic People

•Followed the Paleo-Indian People.•Were once again a hunter-gatherer people.•All over North America.•Ones in Utah were called Desert

Gatherers.•Knew where to find foods at certain times

in the year.•Built simple open shelters called Wiki-ups

out of tree branches and limbs. Disposed of it when they moved on.

Making Baskets, Tools, and Weapons

•Baskets made of plant fibers.•Flat baskets to sort dry foods•Deep cone shape baskets to gather.•Tools-made of fibers were used to make

shoes, ropes, string, threads, snares and traps.

•Atlatl and spear were their main weapon. Atlatl was a spear thrower

Anasazi

•Lived near the San Juan River•Hunter-gatherers people but did develop

farming. •Dried and store food. Scientist have full

rooms of storage.•Signs of Bow and Arrow use.•Irrigated and built dams•Lived in pit houses and apartment

dwellings

The Fremont People

•Lived in Utah about the same time as the Anasazi people.

•Lived in the dry valleys and great basin.•Variety in culture based on trade and

environment.•Lived in a pit house

Indians in Utah when Europeans arrived

•Ute, Navajo, Paiute, Goshute, Shoshone•Utes took up most of Utah•No state boundaries back then•Culture varied a lot within Native

American tribes.•Really spiritual people