WELCOME TO MPTCANNAMALAINAGAR

Department of chemistry2013-2014

ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY - II

First year - II semester

3.1. Extraction of metals

• Metallurgy A branch of science dealing with the methods

of extraction of metals from their ores and the preparation of alloys

Ores of Titanium1. Rutile2. Ilmenite

Extraction of metals

Blast furnace

Stages in extraction of metals

Stages involved in extraction

Purification of ores

Purification of ores

Extraction of Titanium- Kroll’s process

Extraction of Titanium from rutile

Extraction of Ti from rutile

Properties of Titanium

Uses of Titanium

Watches, Heels

Cycle, Joints

Car parts, Frames

Pen drive, Paints

Titanium

Dental, Money clips

Submarines, Air crafts

Extraction of Tungsten-Wolframite

Extraction of W

W

Uses of W

Bolt, Screws

Filaments in bulbs, Tools

Crucible and bulb

Sports, Cutter

Sports, Tools

Tools

Lights, balls

Surgical instruments, Yellow shade in ceramics

Important questions

3.1. Extraction of metalsPart A1. Name two ores of titanium and tungsten2. Which metal is used in air crafts?3. Which metallic oxide is used as pigment?Part B1. Explain the extraction of Titanium and tungsten from

its ore.

3.2. Powder Metallurgy

• Art of manufacturing fine metal powders and fabricating them into desired shape with little or no melting.

Features• Supports mass production of high-precision products using

metal moulds in short periods of time.• Since it enables near-net shaping, it generates less waste than

ingot and other casting.• Products can be produced with different features since various

kinds of powders can be blended.• A further advantage of powder metallurgy is that it enables

production of items containing oil, such as oil-retaining bearings

Powder metallurgy process

Powder metallurgy

Metal powders

Methods of powder production

Applications

Uses of powder metallurgy

Advantages of PM

• Cost savings up to 50% in comparison to other techniques! Economics! Economics! Economics!

• Unique properties through tailored designed compositions. Controlled porosity for special applications.

• Green Technology: Energy and Material efficient• Simple to complex shapes with many design features• Production capacity of millions of parts per week!• ONLY technique of choice for high temperature materials• Near net shape technology with high quality and precision

Applications of powder metallurgy

Benefits of Powder Metallurgy

Excellent Surface Finishes Ability to use the benefits of

Controlled Porosity Excellent Tolerance

Control abilities Low to High Volume Capable

Process Very Cost-Effective Processing Inexpensive Materials

Material Information Automotive Parts

Electric Contacts

Soft Magnetic CoresCams, Sprockets & Wear Gears

Heavy Duty BearingsInstrument Components

Armatures, Rotors, Stator Cores & Relays

PM uses

• Supports mass production of high-precision products using metal moulds in short periods of time.

• Since it enables near-net shaping, it generates less waste than ingot and other casting.

• Products can be produced with different features since various kinds of powders can be blended.

• A further advantage of powder metallurgy is that it enables production of items containing oil, such as oil-retaining bearings.

3.2. Powder metallurgy

Part A1. What is meant by powder metallurgy?2. What is meant by atomization?Part B3. What are the various methods of metal

powder production? Explain.4. What are the applications of powder

metallurgy in industries?

3.3. Alloys

• A metallic solution• Homogeneous mixture of two or more metals

TypesFerrous and non ferrous alloy

Alloys

Nickel alloy- Nichrome

Locanel – alloy of nickel

Copper alloy tree

Alloy of copper- Coinage bronze

Brass utensils

Bronze utensils

Gun metal

Aluminium alloy

Non ferrous alloy

3.3. Alloys

Part A1. What are alloys? How are they classified?2. Give any two purpose of alloying3. What is german silver?4. What is the composition of duralumin?Part B5. What are the purpose of alloying?

3.4. Abrasives

• Substance used to cut, grind and polish surfaces of other substances

Moh’s scale of hardness

corundum

Garnet

Emery

Turkish emery, corundum

Carborundum, Norbide

3.4. Abrasives

Part A1. Define Abrasive2. How are abrasives classified?3. What are the different types of emery?4. What is garnet? Give its uses.5. Write the two types of synthetic abrasives.Part B1. Write the composition and uses of artificial and

synthetic abrasives.

Thank you