Politics, Immigration, and Urban Life in the Gilded Age (1877 – 1900)
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Transcript of Politics, Immigration, and Urban Life in the Gilded Age (1877 – 1900)
Politics, Immigration, and Urban Life in the Gilded Age
(1877 – 1900)
Laissez-faire Policies
Gilded Age – coined by Mark Twain
“Hands off” policy toward business
Subsidization of business
Crooked politicians The Spoils System
Reforming the Spoils System
1829- Andrew Jackson
Dem. & Rep. both were guilty
Pres. Hayes begun reform-no second term
Stalwarts and Half-Breeds (R) Factions
Arthur Ends the Spoils System James A. Garfield
(R) won in 1880 July 2, 1881-Killed
by Charles Guiteau Lived for 3 months (VP) Chester A.
Arthur is President Pendleton Civil
Service Act (1883)
Railroads, Tariffs, and Trusts
1884 & 1892 – Grover Cleveland (D) def. Blaine (R) - (R) Independents called “Mugwumps”
ICA -(ICC) in 1887 Sherman A-T Act
(1890) - Harrison (R) Lower Tariffs -
Cleveland (D) 1892
Immigrants from Europe 1865-1920 - 30 M
immigrants came Freedom, Land,
Opportunity, Jobs! Ellis Island, NYC
(1892) 1865-1890 “Old
Immigrants” 1890-1920 “New
Immigrants”
Immigration from Asia
Angel Island (S.F.) From China and
Japan Railroad Workers
and later Mining, Farming, Factories
Discrimination was most extreme for Asians
Urban Living Conditions
Farm machinery and immigration fueled growth of cities
Poorly ran tenement apartments
Jacob Riis - How the Other Half Lives (1890)
The Rise of Political Machines Organizations to keep
their political parties in power
Spoils System, Patronage, Graft
Ran by “bosses” & appealed to immigrants
Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall, NYC
Cartoonist Thomas NastTammany Hall
Let Us Prey (1871) – Thomas Nast
Ideas for Reform Immigration – Nativists opposed it Prohibition – Women’s Christian
Temperance Movement (1874) Vice – Immoral or Corrupt Behavior – NY
Society for the Repression of Vice (1873) – Anthony (Comstock Laws)
Social Gospel Movement – Charities Settlement Houses – Jane Addams
(1889) founded Hull House in Chicago