Policy, concept and strategy on biowaste management – Bulgarian approach

Ministry of environment and water of Bulgaria,ECN - WG5 „Eastern and Mediterranean countries“ - chair and

board member1

Policy, concept and strategy on biowaste management – Bulgarian

approach

European Experience European Experience

Transfer into Eastern Europe Transfer into Eastern Europe ConditionsConditions

Kiev, 26 November 2013Kiev, 26 November 2013 Grigor Stoyanov, Grigor Stoyanov,

EU-Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC

Reduction of biodegradable waste from landfill

in % of biodegradable waste 1995in % of biodegradable waste 1995

25% 2006/10

50% 2009/13

65% 2016/20

MBT INC.

mixed wasteliquid dry/solidBIOGAS

COMPOSTDIGESTATE

separated at the source

For the Landfill Directive diversion targets (Art. 5) an impact assessment on the need of the revision of these targets is done (2013).

?? > 65% ?? … ?? Complete Ban from 2020/25 ??

NO separate collection!!

Impressive growth of recycling quota (1991-2011)

81 % source separated and recycled

19 % residual waste disposed

1 Municipal Waste 1 Municipal Waste Association in Association in AustriaAustria

Source: BAV Freistadt, Austria

Composting vs. AD ??

COMPOSTINGCOMPOSTING (aerobicaerobic)

Increasing structure [wood]Increasing structure [wood]

Increasing water contentIncreasing water content

ANAEROBIC DIGESTIONANAEROBIC DIGESTION (anaerobicanaerobic)

Green Waste

Bio Waste / bio-bin (rural)

Bio Waste / bio-bin (urban)

Market waste

Food industries

Food waste / Catering waste

Former foodstuff

Collection Schemes

Fotos: Hogg, Eunomia, UK

Collection Schemes

Fotos: Favoino, „Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza“, Italy

Fotos: Florian Amlinger, KE&B, Austria

Recovery and Recycling Options for Organic Waste Streams

Recovery of Bio & Recovery of Bio & Green wasteGreen waste

RecyclingRecyclingRecyclingRecycling+ + EnergyEnergy

EnergyEnergy

Composting Composting (aerob)(aerob)

Anaerobic Anaerobic Digestion Digestion (anerob)(anerob)

Org. Soil Org. Soil Improver &Improver &

Growing mediaGrowing media

Energy & HeatEnergy & HeatOrg. fertiliserOrg. fertiliser

Energy & Energy & HeatHeat

BiomassBiomassincinerationincineration

R3/R10R3/R10

R3/R10R3/R10R1R1

Recovery Recovery MethodMethod

Process Process appliedapplied

ProductProduct

C

om

post

Tech

nolo

gy

Com

post

Tech

nolo

gy

1010Florian Amlinger, MScFlorian Amlinger, MScCompost - Consulting & Compost - Consulting & DevelopmentDevelopment

ECN

TYPICAL OPEN WINDROW COMPOSTING PLANTTYPICAL OPEN WINDROW COMPOSTING PLANT

OPEN WINDROW composting

Fotos: Hildebrandt

C

om

post

Tech

nolo

gy

Com

post

Tech

nolo

gy


ECN

Further Windrow SystemsFurther Windrow Systems

C

om

post

Tech

nolo

gy

Com

post

Tech

nolo

gy


ECN

COMPOnenCOMPOnentt

FanFan

Ventilationpipe

Drainage water

Leachate water funnelwith siphon

Aeration

CO2

Temperature GSMtransmition

Forced Aeration in Open Windrow SystemsForced Aeration in Open Windrow Systems

8.35 mio inhabitants

The decentralised integrated approach in Austria

16,000 Inh per composting plant

Incineration

10

2.261.000 t

226.000 t

MBT

16

780.000 t

45.000 t

Composting

Number 454Total capac. 976.000Average capac.

2.800 t

Ministry of environment and water of BulgariaEUROPEAN COMPOST NETWORK 15

The project

The logic of the project STAGES representing key elements of the envisaged Bulgarian Biowaste Strategy and its implementation Legislation Accompanying technical

standards and guidelines Adapting policy

instruments and reporting schemes

Training & support


Implementing Directive 99/31 and art. 11 + 22 of WFD Bans on biodegradables to landfills (e.g. BR, US)

Most stringent provisions May lack flexibility Requires codified thresholds for acceptance at landfills

Obligation on separate collection On Municipalities (e.g. NL) – may be deceived with poor

performing / low participation systems On households (e.g. AT) – very effective, if stringent control

possible May require phased implementation

Targets for sep. collection / composting / recycling Specific biowaste processing targets (e.g. Sweden) General recycling + composting targets (IT & UK) Result-oriented + flexible


Sep. Collection and recyling targets for biowaste

25% of biowaste by year 2016



Relative to the quantity of municipal biowaste as generated in year 2014 (base-line year)

recycling = composting or anerobic digestion

Ministry of environment and water of BulgariaEUROPEAN COMPOST NETWORK

Obligations of local authorities

Bulgaria is divided on 55 Waste management regions The municipalities in every region are obliged to create Regional Waste

Management Associations with the purpose of proper waste management on the territory of the region and building the entire needed infrastructure.

The Mayors have to organize and coordinate within the WM Regions: A phased introduction of separate collection schemes for bio-waste from

households and similar institutions (shops, restaurants) Implement complete separate collection and recycling of green waste from

garden and parks The planning and installation of composting and/or biogas plants Install recycling centers, including bring sites for garden waste for settlements

with a population of > 10,000 inhabitants


WMR

Biowaste management in waste management regions/associations

1000 inh.

1700 inh.

35,000 inh.

7000 inh.

500 inh.

500 inh.

5700inh.

3500 inh.

Options for single municipalities

Separate Collection from households and similar sources

Home composting(i.e. no or only partly separate collection)

Sep. Collection for large producers only


WMR

Biowaste management in waste management regions

1000inh.

1700 inh.

35,000 inh.

7000 inh.

500 inh.

500 inh.

5700inh.

3500 inh.


Separate Collection from households and similar sources

Home composting(i.e. no or only partly separate collection)

Sep. Collection for shops, restaurants only


WMR

Biowaste management: targets for single municipalities:

HC

1700 inh.

3000 t/yr biowaste

1500 t/yr

HC

100 t/yr

1200t/y.

500 t/yr


Sep. Collection = 7400 ton

Home compostingfor 2 municipalities

Sep. Collection for large producers in 2 municipalities


Stage I – Decentralised composting Austrian model for Bulgaria (2)

Total composting

plants

On- farm / agricultural

plants

Municipal plants

Industrial plants

Number 454 292 (64%) 89 (20%) 73 (16%) Total treatment yr-1 976,000 t 308,000 t (32%) 237,300 t (24%) 431,000 t (44%) Average capacity yr-1 2,800 t 1,100 t 2,700 5,900 t


Capacity building – a model for decentralised composting

Nr. Comp. plants

Biowaste treated

Served population

Produced compost

Agricultural land

needed

Decentralise plants 321 385,000 t 2,750,000 154,000 t 10,000 ha

All plants incl. OPE projects 374 1,031,140 t 7,365,286 412,500 t 27,000

% decentralise plants (incl. OPE projects) 86%

37% of total potential treated in agriculture comp. plants


Ordinance on Biowaste BBASIC ASIC CCONCEPTONCEPT

Does the Source Matter ???


Draft Ordinance – Quality Concept Quality Concept II

Compost may be produced from source separated Biowaste

(<10% impurities) and/or quality certified Sewage SludgeSewage Sludge

and may include AdditivesAdditives

and shall meet strict limitsstrict limits for heavy metals heavy metals and impuritiesimpurities

Organic Soil Amendment may be produced from source

separated Biowaste (<10% impurities) and/or quality certified

Sewage SludgeSewage Sludge and may include AdditivesAdditives

and shall meet less strict limitsless strict limits for heavy metals heavy metals and impuritiesimpurities

Stabilised MBT OutputStabilised MBT Output may be produced from Mixed

Municipal Waste Fractions, Biowaste (>10% impurities)

Sewage SludgeSewage Sludge (Decree No. 339)

= = ProductProduct

= = WasteWaste

= = WasteWaste


Precautionary Quality Criteria – Heavy MetalsHeavy Metals

*CCOPPEROPPER and ZZINCINC are classified as essential nutrients.

Values above the first valuesabove the first values shall be declaredshall be declared..

Multi-Functional Agricultural Use – Food Production --- PRODUCT

Restricted UseWASTE

ProposalEnd of Waste “Compost”

“Digestate” 7 YEARS

Transitiion

Organic Soil Conditioner & Stabilised MBT

Output

Cadmium (Cd) 1.5 1.3 2.0 3.0

Chromium (Cr) 100 60 100 200

Cr - VI --- --- --- ---

Copper (Cu) 100/200 100/200 * 100/250 * 400

Mercury (Hg) 1 0.45 1.0 2.0

Nickel (Ni) 50 40 80 100

Lead (Pb) 120 130 180 250

Zinc (Zn) 400/600 400/600 * 400/800 * 1200


Quality Criteria for CCOMPOSTOMPOST

Organic Matter … > 15% … > 15%

Electrical Conductivity growing media, private gardening growing media, private gardening … < 3 mS/cm… < 3 mS/cm

Max. particle size … < 40 mm … < 40 mm

Impurities – plastics, metals, glass agriculture, private gardening, sports fields agriculture, private gardening, sports fields … < 0.5% … < 0.5% (transitional: 1.0%)(transitional: 1.0%) land reclamation land reclamation … < 1.0%… < 1.0%

Plant response / Germination Test growing media, private gardening growing media, private gardening … 80 – 90% of standard substrate … 80 – 90% of standard substrate

Viable seeds / weeds growing media, private gardening growing media, private gardening … < 2 per Litre… < 2 per Litre

Pathogenic indicators ALL products ALL products … no Salmonella in 25 g… no Salmonella in 25 g

++ ABP ABP ++ … E. coli < 1000 CFU/ g … E. coli < 1000 CFU/ g

Additional requirements for composts related to Additional requirements for composts related to the specified use areasthe specified use areas ANNEX 2 ‘Quality Criteria ’: USE related QUALITY REQUIREMENTS


Compost Ordinance: KKEYEY P PROVISIONS ROVISIONS

Additional requirements for composts related to Additional requirements for composts related to the specified use areasthe specified use areas,

ANNEX 5 ‘Labelling’: Maximum APPLICATION QUANTITIES

Application Area

COMPOST=PRODUCT

ORGANIC SOIL

CONDITIONER =WASTE

MBT-Output=WASTE

Agriculture 12 t d.m. /ha * yr

(60 t within 5 years)------------ ------------

Landscaping

(non food)

40 t d.m. /ha in 3 yrs

One time: 400 m³/ha*


One time: 200 m³/ha*------------

Private Gardening 10 Litre / m² * yr ------------ ------------

Growing Media 40% by volume Non food: 40% by volume ------------

Landfill reclamation


One time: 400 m³/ha



20 t d.m. /ha within 3 yrs


* Resuliting in Maximum 5% TOC 5% TOC in the 30cm top soil layer


Time – Temperature Regime … flexible … well experienced and investigated !

Composting system

°C Time Further conditions

OPEN windrows> 55 °C

65 °C

10 days

3 days

At least 3 to 5 times of physical agitation (turning) > 40 to 55% moisture Min 6 – 8 weeks composting CLOSED Systems 60 °C 3 days

ANAEROBIC Digestion

thermophile> 55 °C

24 h

20 days

Followed by composting see above

ANAEROBIC Digestion

mesophile< 40 ° 28 days

Followed by composting see above


Acknowledged Laboratory sampling &

quality analysis

National Organisation NQASAnalyses assessmentand plant inspection

Quality Committee QC

Composting PlantMember of National Organisation

Quality LabelCertificate

Contract

Course of the QAS

Report Test report

Evaluation Reportsanctions,

complaints, measures

Okay

Not okay

Inspection: ECN: every 2 years AT: 1x / year


Quality Assurance Elements for National Implementation

Legislation & Standards

Ordinance on Separate Collection

Input material

Compost Ordinance Quality & control

criteria

National Standard QUALITY ASSURANCE

System for Compost (QAS)= Criteria & Operation

National Quality Assurance Organisation

for Compost (NQAO) = Bodies & Adminstration

Quality Assurance

State of the Art of Composting

Techn. & Operation

Permits Waste / ABPR / Environment …

33QM: the principle of a traceably documented process

Storage

Mixing

Condi-tioning

batch composition …batch monitoring …°C, turning, watering …

C1

C2

C3

Compost = Product

ResiduesINPUT

Receipt Control

Registered Composting PlantRegistered Composting Plant

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THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION!THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION!

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATER OF BULGARIA,MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATER OF BULGARIA,European Compost NetworkEuropean Compost Network

WG5 WG5 „„Eastern and Mediterranean countriesEastern and Mediterranean countries““ - Chair and - Chair and Board memberBoard member

GRIGOR STOYANOV GRIGOR STOYANOV tel: tel: +35987444209; +35987444209;

ее-mail-mail: : ecogorecogor@@gmailgmail..comcom

Policy, concept and strategy on biowaste management – Bulgarian approach

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