POETRY TERMSMs. MathewsEnglish 9H

TYPES OF POEMS

VERSERhymed Versethe most commonly used form of versegenerally has an end rhymeBlank Versegenerally identified by a regular meter, but no end rhymeFree Verseusually defined as having no fixed meter and no end rhyme

EXAMPLE OF RHYMED VERSE I wandered lonely as a cloud: That floats on high o'er vales and hills When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. -William Wordsworth

EXAMPLE OF BLANK VERSE In Mathematics, Woman leads the way: The narrow-minded pedant still believes That two and two make four! Why, we can prove, We women-household drudges as we are- That two and two make five-or three-or seven; Or five-and-twenty, if the case demands!-Anonymous

EXAMPLE OF FREE VERSE I remember the days of dreamings, From where in the world so much knowledges, And thoughts of wonderful and funs. But however life walks ahead, And ideas are unavailing aloud, When around so many flies. Concealed after the masks of sorrow.-Anonymous

NARRATIVETells a storyIncludes the following elements:CharactersSettingPlotPoint of ViewAll the elements combine to form a themeExample: The Odyssey

BALLADTells a storyMeant to be sung or recitedTypically depict ordinary people in the midst of tragic events or adventures of love and braveryExample: The Ballad of Birmingham

LYRICA short poem in which the speaker expresses personal thoughts and feelingsMost poems, with the exception of narratives, are lyric poemsCover many subjects, from love to death to everyday experiencesExample: Theme for English B by Langston Hughes

EPICA long narrative poem about the adventures of a hero whose actions reflect the ideals and values of a nation or raceAddress universal concerns, such as:Good and evilLife and deathSin and redemptionExample: The Odyssey

SONNETA lyric poem of 14 linesMost common is the Shakespearean sonnet made up of three quatrains (four line units) and a final couplet has a rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg Example: Sonnet 140 by William Shakespeare

POETIC ELEMENTS

ANALOGYA point-by-point comparison between two things that are alike in some respectAre often used in nonfiction, when an unfamiliar subject or idea is explained in terms of a familiar one

RHYMEThe occurrence of a similar or identical sound at the ends of two or more wordsExample: suite, heat, completeInternal rhymeOccurs within the lineEnd rhymeOccurs at the end of the lineSlant rhymeAlso called approximate or near rhymeOccurs when the sounds are not quite identicalExample: care and dear

RHYME EXAMPLESInternalOnce upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and wearyWhile I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tappingExternalHumpty Dumpty sat on a wall, Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the King's horses, And all the King's men Couldn't put Humpty together again!SlantI sat in the dark nursing my broken heart.

METERThe regular pattern of accented and unaccented syllables in a line of poetry

RHYTHMRefers to the pattern or flow of sound created by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry

TONEThe attitude a writer takes towards a subjectReflects the feelings of the writer

OXYMORONA figure of speech that combines contradicting wordsExamples:Bitter sweetForward retreatSerious jokeDeafening silence

ALLITERATIONThe repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of wordsExample using the h sound:The angels, not half so happy in Heaven, Went envying her and me;-Edgar Allan Poe, from Annabel Lee

HYPERBOLEThe use of exaggeration May be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impressionNot meant to be taken literallyExamples:Im so hungry that I could eat a horse!That bag weighs a ton.