Plug Flow Digesters - Build a Biogas PlantPlug Flow Digesters Peter Wright, Manure Treatment...
Transcript of Plug Flow Digesters - Build a Biogas PlantPlug Flow Digesters Peter Wright, Manure Treatment...
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Plug Flow Digesters
Peter Wright, Manure Treatment Specialist
Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering
Cornell University
Scott Inglis, Research Associate
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Anaerobic Digestion Systems
� Biological � Manure and Effluent Handling
Separation � Gas Collection
Conditioning � Engine � Electric � Heat � Management
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Benefits
� Energy production � Odor Reduction
Nutrient Management � Solid Sales
Bedding use � Liquefy Manure � Integration with other enterprises
� Profit Center
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Reasons to adopt Methane Generation in 1970s
� Energy prices went up and were expected to go higher � Guaranteed price for electricity produced � Technology was demonstrated successfully
Problems in 1970s � Biological systems management on farms was primitive � Peak energy demands on farm � Few large farms � High capital costs � High maintenance costs � Cows on pasture
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Reasons to adopt Methane Digestion in 2004
� Odor control is a real need � More larger farms with economies of sale � Management ability of biological systems on farms has
increased � Electric demand on some farms is continuous �
� Solid separation
� Problems in 2004 � High capital costs � Support industry not developed � Wholesale electric price is low
Liquid manure handling systems are more advanced
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Plug Flow
� No “Mixing” � Inflow = Outflow, HRT=SRT � HRT 20-25 days
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Plug Flow advantages
� Perfect for scraped dairy manure � Many successful examples � Slug loads?
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Plug Flow Disadvantages
� Total solids need to be close to 12% � Short Circuiting
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Plug flow
� Vertical With Conical Bottom Sand Laden Dairy Manure
� U shaped
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Tops: Hard or Soft?
� Soft
� Hard Long life, Insulated, Pressurized
Less cost, more storage, accessable Vandals, collapsable, life
Cost, inaccessable, sealing
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Raw Manure Mass: 100% M.C.: 89%
Digester Effluent Mass: 89% M.C.: 92%
Sep. Sol. Mass: 15% M.C.: 76%
Mass: 74% M.C.: 95%
500 Cow Free Stall Barn
Lined Waste Storage Pond 2,400,000 gal
D i g e s t e r
Milking Parlor
Solids Sold
To Fields and additional storage
Farm A Anaerobic Digestion
Sep. Liq.
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Raw Manure Digester Effluent Sep Liquid Seperated Solids
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Raw Manure Digester Effluent Seperated Liquid Seperated Solids
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Total Volatile Solids
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Fecal Coliform data for digested and non-digested dairy manure
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Raw Manure Farm P
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Separated Liquid
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Separated Solids
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Raw Manure Farm A
Digester Effluent
Digested Separated
Liquid
Digested Separated
Solids
Digested Storage
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ca
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lifo
rm c
fu/g
ram
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log
sc
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)
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Johnes
Johnes content in separated digested manure vs separated non-digested manure
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Raw Manure Non Digested Non Digested Non Digested Raw Manure Digester Digested Digested Digested Farm P Separated Separated Storage Farm A Effluent Separated Separated Storage
Liquid Solids Liquid Solids
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Component $ Digester - manure pump (20 Hp) 9,000 - engineering design 20,000 - concrete digester (incl. floating insulation, gas containing cover, 2 hot water heating circuits) 160,000 subtotal 189,000
Energy conversion - engine generator (used) & switching equipment 15,000 - rebuild the engine 2,000 - rebuild the generator 9,000 - plumbing, electric, and mechanical systems 9,000 - run cable to utility hook-up 8,000 - electrical engineer consultant 18,000 subtotal 61,000
Solids separation - effluent pump (7.5 Hp) & variable speed drive 3,000 - separation equipment 25,000 - building for separator equipment 25,000 subtotal 53,000
Liquid waste storage lagoon - lagoon (excavation, fence, pipe, outlet structure) 18,000 - plastic liner 42,000 subtotal 60,000
TOTAL 363,000
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Contact InformationP.O. Box 88 Homer, NY 13077 607-749-6500 607-749-5634 (FAX)
[email protected] www.milkproduction.com
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Digesters Influence Barn Design
No Sand No Flushing
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Limited Water Use is Paramount
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Dairy Development International, LLC
Lawrence R. Jones, Ph.D.General/Farm Manager
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Dairy Development International
� Low electric price � Odor control needed � Natural gas vs. bio gas microturbines � Heated floor � Excess liquids � Heating system � Temperature control
– Groundwater – Thermometers off – Vapor lock
� Micro turbines for natural gas � foam
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Items Costs/Benefits Digester $350,000 Electrical and Heating Systems
- Microturbines - Boiler and Piping Subtotal
$185,000 $50,000
$235,000 Solids and Liquids Separation
- Separator - Separator Building Subtotal
$46,613 $42,387 $89,000
Liquid Storage $315,000 Others $43,800 Total Capital Cost $1,032,800
Capital Costs
Total Annual Capital Cost $71,895 Maintenance, Repairs, Insurance $29,619 Spreading $58,000 Management $6,370
Annual Operating Costs
Total Annual Operating Cost $93,989 Electric Savings $42,400 Heat Savings $6,000 Odor Control $15,000 Solids $12,000 Nutrients $45,000
Annual Benefits Including
Total Annual Benefits $120,400
Annual Cost Per Cow ($/cow/year) $53.51
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Total Mass
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Raw Manure Digester Effluent
TVS
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1,100 cows
Barn
Barn
Engine room
Separator
Separator building Solids
Flare
Liquids
Digested effluent
Manure
Run off
Not to scale
Twin digesters
Liquids for Dilution G
as
P
P
Runoff Storage
N
Barn
Digested Storage
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Noblehurst Digester Top Being Installed
24’ X 4’ Precast H.C. Planks
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Noblehurst Planks in-Place
Later topped with 4” of structural concrete
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Noblehurst Internals-West Side
Note heat exchanger and grit-pit.
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Raw Manure Digester 1 Digester 2
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Items Cost/Benefit *
Capital Costs
Digester - Digester Construction and Materials - Cover for digester Subtotal
$250,000 $60,000
$310,000 - Engine Generator - Switching Equipment - Engine Building Subtotal
$241,000 $18,000 $43,500
$302,500Manure Storage $60,000
Solids and Liquids Separation - Separator - Separator Building Subtotal
$26,000 $35,000 $61,000
Others (flare, pumps) $14,200
Total Capital Cost $747,700
Total Capital Cost per cow $680
Total Annual Capital Cost $68,522
Annual Operating Costs
Maintenance, Repairs, Labor, Fuel, Insurance, etc. $37,675
Manure Spreading Cost (@0.005/gallon) $51,000
Annual Benefits
Electricity Savings and Sales (projected)
Heating Fuel Savings (projected)
Compost sale (projected sales @ net $2/cubic yard)
Odor Control (@$9/cow/year)
Total Annual Benefits
Annual Net Cost Per Cow ($/cow/year) $50 **
Engine-Generator Set
-$60,000
-$6,000
-$11,680
-$9,900
-$77,680
Note: * - The operating costs (maintenance and repairs) and revenues are projected numbers as of November 1, 2003. An updated analysis will be provided with real data once t he system is operated for one year. ** - Manure management without digester and solids separator would cost $50/cow.
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Raw Manure Digester 1 Digester 2
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Raw Manure Digester 1 Digester 2
CF
U/G
ram
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g S
cale
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Digester Reductions (%) Characteristic AA DDI Nobles
99.9 99.3 98.7
Johnes 99.3 98.7
Fecal Coliform
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Digester Reductions (%) Characteristic AA DDI Nobles
Total Solids 27.5 23.5 24.5
Volatile Solids 32.3 23.5 31.7
Volatile Acids 85.7 56.3 85
COD 30.5 8.1 22.5
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Digester Reductions (%) Characteristic AA DDI Nobles
NH3 -37 -28 -27
Ortho-P -16.7 -14.4 -44
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Conclusions:
� Alternative Systems depend on farm situation
�
Maximize Profits
� Integrate with other enterprises
� More Research is Needed
Maximize By-Product Use