Predicting the 3D Structure of RNA motifs Ali Mokdad – UCSF May 28, 2007
PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The...
-
Upload
christoph-kalb -
Category
Documents
-
view
239 -
download
0
Transcript of PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The...
![Page 1: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PLC
Mohamed MokdadEcole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne
![Page 2: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why PLC?
• The biggest network in the world– The main– E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage)
• ONP (Liberalisierung)– Year 90– Power suppliers have new business
opportunities• Everybody is connected!
![Page 3: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PLC rationale
• Low cost cabling• Higher bit rates (against modem)• Buildings automation
– Alarms– Detection– Remote controls
• IP Telephony
![Page 4: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Le support PLC
• Cabling– Adapted for 50/60 Hz but not higher– A[dB] (PVC) = 8 x A[dB] (PE)
• Chlorure de polyvinyle & Polyéthylène– E.g. 26 MHz results in 5 dB (PVC) & 40 (PE)– Perturbations
• bruit blanc, bande étroite, pics– Capacity: 2 to 4 bits per Hz– A[dB] = f(distance, frequency)– Network = Low pass filter
![Page 5: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Filtering
R
CPinPout
Z = R - j/2пfC
![Page 6: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The main
• High Voltage– More than 110 kV
• Middle Voltage– From 10 to 30 kV
• Low Voltage– Less than 400 V
• 1 Transformer for 100-200 users & 300 m• Data information cannot go through
voltage transformer
![Page 7: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The mainHV=110-380kV
MV=10-30kV
LV<400V
![Page 8: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
3-phase system
120°
120°120°
380V
220V
![Page 9: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Les 3 phases
• Biphase user between 2 phases• Coupling via capacitance effects
R
S
T
N
![Page 10: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Phase coupling
![Page 11: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Concept PLC
![Page 12: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The main
Data
Data
Data
HV=110-380kV
MV=10-30kV
LV<400V
![Page 13: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Transmission bus
• Bus Access– CSMA/CD
• Modulation– TDMA, FDMA, CDMA
• Coding: OFDM– Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
• Self adapting system– Use non disturbed spectrum zones
![Page 14: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Bandwidth vs. distance (Indors)
MHz
10.8
8.4
4.8
2.4
100 180 250m
max.1.50 Mbit/s min. 0.75 Mbit/s
max.4.50 Mbit/s (3 x 1.5) min. 2.25 Mbit/s
max.4.50 Mbit/s (3 x 1.5) min. 2.25 Mbit/s
max.3.00 Mbit/s (2 x 1.5) min. 1.50 Mbit/s
![Page 15: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Spectrum
![Page 16: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Erstes Beispiel: Nutzungsbestimmung "NB 30":
NB 30, die am 30.3.01 vom deutschen Bundesrat abgesegnet wurde
Antrag an das Reg-TP
USEU
~13 MHz
![Page 17: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Self adapting system
Frequency
Spectral density
![Page 18: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Exemples d'architecture
Network A
Network B
Network C
![Page 19: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
PLC needs
• 1 ISP via Powerline– EWB? Autre?
• 1 "Modem" per access– Main Plug with ethernet interface– Layer 1: e.g. Ethernet or WLAN
• Import products– Standards are not the same worlwide– US products could not run in EU
![Page 20: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Adapter
Separates the current and data signals at each mains supply socket, various interface variants and combinations e.g. USB, RS232, Ethernet, analog a/b
![Page 21: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Equipment
• Outdoor master– Controls data and services up to 250
housholds• Outdoor Access Point
– Receives/transmits signals from/to the Outdoor Master, also available in combination with an Indoor Controller
• Indoor Controller – Interfaces Outdoor AP to In House premises
![Page 23: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Channels?
• No specific protocole, just not infringe the EMC Rules.
• Provider has to stay within frequency range.
• Standards– X-10, CEBus (EIA IS-60), LONWorks
• ETSI Standards and ASCOM– ETSI and CENELEC
![Page 24: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Präsentation 2001Ascom PowerlineCommunications
Marcel Graber13.4.01
![Page 25: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
mid voltage grid
M
S
S S
S SS
S
SS S
S
SS
S S S
OA
OA
OA
M => Master
S => Slave
Einleitung:
•Was versteht man unter Powerline Communications?
• Wie funktioniert Powerline?
![Page 26: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
So werden über Ascom PLC „Nachbarn“ vernetzt:
IP-Netz
PSTN
Datenübertragung:• Breitband Daten
• Schmalband Daten
• VoIP Übertragung: -> vermittelte Telefonie -> IP- Telefonie (Zukunft?)
Backbone Niederspannungsnetz
Slaves
![Page 27: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Zwei Beispiele der Signalverteilung bis zur Steckdose:
Mittelspannungsnetz 6 - 30 kV
Niederspannungs-netz 0.4 kV
n
Einfamilienhaus, für nur eine Applikation: Multi Büro- oder Appartmenthaus:
LAN1
LANn
Outdoor FrequenzbandIn
door
Fre
que n
zban
d
OutdoorAccessPoint
IndoorMaster
OutdoorMaster
![Page 28: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Ein mit Ascom Powerline vernetztes Haus
Letzte MeileAccess
"Smart House"Applikationen
Sicherheit- und Alarmsysteme
Internet Anschluss
Telefonie:- Vermittelt "a/b"- IP-Telefonie
Indoor Controller
Verschiedene Adaptermodelle:- Internet -> USB oder Ethernet- analog Telefone & Fax- "Smart house" -> RS 232
![Page 29: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Erstes Beispiel: Nutzungsbestimmung "NB 30":
NB 30, die am 30.3.01 vom deutschen Bundesrat abgesegnet wurde
Antrag an das Reg-TP
USEU
~13 MHz
![Page 30: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Technische Daten:
• Es musste eine Technologie gefunden/angewendet werden, die sich für die breitbandige Datenübertragung über das Niederspannungsnetz ausserhaus und inhaus eignet • Produktekonzept:u.a - Master Slave• - Infrastruktur-Geräte einfache Installation• - Geräte Adapter "plug and play" • Übertragungsfrequenzen: - Access ("last Mile") 1.6 bis 10.0/13.0 MHz• - Inhaus ("last Inch") 15.0 bis 30.0 MHz• Modulation: - GMSK• Übertragungsart: - Paketorientiert• Bandbreiten: - 1. Produktegeneration > 2 Mbit/s• - 2. Produkte Generation > 10 Mbit/s
![Page 31: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Die maximale Bandbreite für "jeden" Benützer:
MHz
10.8
8.4
4.8
2.4
100 180 250m
max.1.50 Mbit/s min. 0.75 Mbit/s
Maximal 3 Träger à 2.25 Mbit/s Bruttorate
• sofern der Kunde im Bereich von 100 m liegt, unter Einhaltung der Nutzungs- bestimmung "NB 30" und ohne Repeater
• möglicher Lösungsansatz: über "Friendly Customer" (siehe folgende Folie)
Netzplaner muss die grösst mögliche Flexibilität für den Design eines Anschluss- konzeptes angeboten werden, um die max. Kundenerwartung erfüllen zu können.
max.4.50 Mbit/s (3 x 1.5) min. 2.25 Mbit/s
max.4.50 Mbit/s (3 x 1.5) min. 2.25 Mbit/s
max.3.00 Mbit/s (2 x 1.5) min. 1.50 Mbit/s
![Page 32: PLC Mohamed Mokdad Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Bienne. Why PLC? The biggest network in the world –The main –E.g. CH 250 000 km (Middle and low voltage) ONP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062818/570491c51a28ab14218da6ce/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
"Friendly Customer" Installation:
PLCoutdoorMaster
PLCindoor
Controller
PLCoutdoor
Slave
TelcoNT
IAIA
Access (last mile), e.g. xDSL, CATV
Mit einem Hausbesitzer (Friendly Customer) wird ein Nutzungsvertrag für den Access abgeschlossen