Piracy as a Transnational Threat in the Horn of Africa
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Transcript of Piracy as a Transnational Threat in the Horn of Africa
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PIRACY AS A TRANSNATIONAL THREAT IN THE HORN OF
AFRICA
Martino SacchiUniversity of the Sacred Heart, Milano
XII SeSaMo ConferenceBEYOND THE ARAB UPRISINGSRediscovering the MENA region
January 16-17, 2015
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The sea is a link more than a fence
But no borders means no shields, too
Sea without borders
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Indian Ocean is not a moat
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Indian Ocean is a bridge
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On the high seas
This is the reason why it is so important to study what happens in the Arabic Sea and Indian Ocean
But: in this ocean a new form of piracy
recently spread out Somali Piracy
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ABSTRACT
Somaly Piracy as a transnational threat
The counter-piracy operations as a transnational response
Western navies and non-Western navies together against piracy
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ABSTRACT
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Why in Somalia?
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A strategic position
By Grolltech
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A great number of targets
25.000 to 30.000 vessels per annum
70-80 vessels a day
A ship every 20 minutes
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Somalia as a failed state
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Widespead poverty
GPD pro capite: 600 $ per annum
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A (Very) Brief History of Piracy
1989-90: the struggle against Siad Barre
1990-1993: the struggle against foreign fishing vessels
1994-1995: ships underway in the Gulf of Aden begin to be hijacked for ransom
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An Undervalued Phenomenon
The 2004Tsunami is reportedly a turning point
2005-2008 Piracy spread out but was largely undervalued by Western countries
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A (Very) Brief History of Piracy
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What is a pirate?
Cicero: a pirate is «hostis humani generis»
That means that a pirate is a common enemy of all mankind
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A Transational Threat
Ships from at least 60 countries were attacked and hijacked
Much more if we consider failed attacks too
Much more if we consider crew, owner, cargo
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A Transational Threat
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Hijacked Ships from:
Panama 30 Antigua 10 Liberia 8 Malta 8 Singapore 8 Marshall Islands 7 Yemen 7 Bahamas 7
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Hijacked Ships: tugs...
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… large yacths ...
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… small yacths ...
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… chemical tankers ...
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… old ships ...
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… huge supertankers ...
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… boxships ...
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No Ideology in Piracy
Somali pirates don't fight against «Western countries» «Capitalism» «Christianity»
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No Ideology in Piracy
Somali pirates want money
No evidence linking piracy with Al-Shaabab
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From a Transnational Threat... ….to a Transnational Reaction
At the beginning every country acted by itself
Western and non-Western operations
Security teams
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The first reactions
2005 «Mare Sicuro» (Italy) 2008 Ponant affaire (France) 2008 Neustrashimy (Russia)
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The «Mare Sicuro» Opration
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The «Ponant affaire»
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The turning point: the Faina Affaire(September 25, 2008-February 2, 2009)
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Western counter-piracy operations
EU Atalanta (December 9, 2008) NATO Ocean Shield (August 19,
2009), former Allied Provider (October 9, 2008)
CTF 151 (established in January 2009 as a spin-off from CTF 150)
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Non-Western counter-piracy operations
China (December 18, 2008) India (October 23, 2008) Russia (September 25, 2008) Japan (March 31, 2009)
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China
Fishing vessel Tianyu first chinese ship hijacked (november 2008)
Since 2008, 18 task groups deployed in Somalia waters
Each group: 1 or 2 destroyers or frigates and 1 replenishment ship
Song-class diesel attack submarine (SSK) (Septermber 2014)
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China: the «string of pearls»
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India
Only 20-24 Indian flagged cargoes every month sail across GOA (only 13% of Indiand trade)
Indian community of seafarer accounts 7% of the world's seafarers
Indian Navy has been providing Naval Escort in Gulf of Aden since October 2008 .
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Russia
Russian Navy is a potential «blue water navy»
Leadership very ambitious Luck of funds
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Security teams
Small goups of former soldiers Teams onboard can return fire when
the ship is attacked Avocet affaire Floating armouries
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Geography is not an opinion
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Thank you