Physical Science Chapter 9 Review. CH 9 Review 1. Which particles make up the nucleus of the atom?...

Physical ScienceChapter 9 Review

1. Which particles make up the nucleus of the atom?

a. electronsb. neutrons

c. protonsd. photons

2. What is the term for high energy radiation particles form the nucleus of a radio active atom?

a.Atomic energyb.Chemical changec.Physical changed.radioactivity

3. Who first discovered radioactivity??

a.Isaac Newtonb.Henri Becquerelc.Mari Curied.Hans Geiger

3. Who first discovered radioactivity?

a.Isaac Newtonb.Henri Becquerelc.Mari Curied.Hans Geiger

4. Which of the following elements is most likely to be radioactive?

a.Arsenic-75b.Antimony-122c.Lead-82d.Polomium-209

4. Which of the following elements is most likely to be radioactive?

a.Arsenic-75b.Antimony-122c.Lead-82d.Polomium-209

Remember elements with an atomic number greater than 82 are radioactive.Po atomic # is 84, look on the periodic table.

5. What does the number 209 mean in the term Po-209?

a.Atomic number is 209b.Mass is 209c.There are 209 neutronsd.There are 209 protons

6. The atomic mass is the sum of what two particles?

a.Electrons and protonsb.Electrons and neutronsc.Neutrons and protons d.Electrons, protons and neutrons

7. What is the atomic mass of the following nuclide?

a.90b.142c.232d.322

90232 Th

7. What is the atomic mass of the following nuclide?

a.90b.142c.232d.322

90232 Th

Mass is the top number

8. Which indicates the number of protons in an element?

a.Atomic massb.Atomic numberc.Neutrino numberd.Valence electronse.322

9. What force keeps the like charge of the positive protons in the nucleus from flying apart from each other?a.Gravityb.Magnetismc.Strong forced.Weak forcee.322

10. How many neutrons does this isotope have?a.90b.142c.232d.322 90

232 Th

10. How many neutrons does this isotope have?a.90b.142c.232d.322 90

232 ThMass numberAtomic number

142

11. What is the nuclide notation for Plutonium-246?

11. What is the nuclide notation for Plutonium-246?a.90b.*232c.322 94

246 PuMass numberAtomic number

12. What term describes the nucleus of an isotope with a specific atomic mass?

a.Gamma rayb.Ionc.Nuclided.positron

13. What is the element describes by the element at the left?

a.Phosphorusb.Germaniumc.Silverd.uranium

1532 ?

13. What is the element describes by the element at the left?

a.Phosphorusb.Germaniumc.Silverd.uraniume.positron

1532 PAtomic number 15

14. What is the term for radiation in the form of a helium nucleus?

a.Alpha particleb.Beta particlec.Gamma rayd.Hercules particle

24He

15. What is the charge on an alpha particle?

a.positiveb.negativec.neutral

24He

16. The process of one element changing into another element through the process of nuclear decay is called ________.

a.ionizationb.modulationc.transformationd.transmutation

17. The process of one element changing into another element through the process of nuclear decay is called ________.

a.ionizationb.modulationc.transformationd.transmutation

Pu218

84 ??

?He +42

18. If polonium undergoes alpha decay what product do you expect?

Pu218

84 ?214

82He +42

17. If polonium undergoes alpha decay what product do you expect?

look up atomic number

Pb

19. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?

a.alpha particlesb.beta particlesc.gamma raysd.neutron emission

20 What does the following symbol represent?


-10e

21. Which type of radiation in the cloud chamber produced the thin, fast moving trails?


22. The time it takes for half of a given amount of radioactive material to decay is called ____?

a.decay lifeb.half lifec.half timed.disintegration ratio

23. What charge does a gamma ray have?

a.positive b.negativec.neutral

24. Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730 years. Which of the following can we accurately determine the age using carbon-14?

a.time of death within one weekb.age of dinosaur bonesc.age of first rocks formed on earthd.age of first century art work



too short of time, not enough decay will have occurred



millions of years – too much material has decayed



billions of years – none left and rocks don’t absorb carbon

25. The diagram below depicts what type of reaction?

a.alpha decayb.neutron emissionc.nuclear fission chain reactiond.nuclear fusion chain reaction

26. What particle must be released for a nuclear chain reaction to be sustained??a.electronb.protonc.neutrond.gamma raye.beta particle

26. What particle must be released for a nuclear chain reaction to be sustained?a.electronb.protonc.neutrond.gamma raye.beta particle

27. When small nuclei are fused together to form a larger nucleus the process is called _______.a.fissionb.fusionc.nucleationd.transmutation

28. Which process release more energy?a. nuclear fusionb. nuclear fissionc. gamma radiation

29. Energy form nuclear fission is currently utilized in all of the following EXCEPT

a. generate electricityb. power source in submarinesc. power source in space probesd. weaponse. source of energy from the sunf. nuclear fissiong. gamma radiation

29. Energy form nuclear fission is currently utilized in all of the following EXCEPT

a. generate electricityb. power source in submarinesc. power source in space probesd. weaponse. source of energy from the sun

30. A material has a half life of 4 weeks. How much of the original sample will remain after one year?

30. A material has a half life of 4 months. How much of the original sample will remain after one year?•First determine how many half lives have passed. 1 year = 12 months•12 months/4 months = 3 half lives•Plug this number into the half-life equation

•amt remaining = original amt(1/2)n •where n=# of half-lives passed•% remaining = 100%(0.5)3•=100% x 0.125 or 12.5%

or you could write as 1/8 original sample.

But what would happen if an atom actually lost protons?

P3013 ?

Note the change in atomic number.So the identity of the element will change!!!!

Al3013

This is radioactivity!Radioactivity - the process by which an unstable nucleus emits one or more particles or energy in the form of electromagneticradiation.

- there are different types of radiation- this is only one example.

Types Nuclear

Radiation

You won’t need to memorize these values but you will need to know relative size.

review writing nuclear decay reactions – here are the demonstrations again.

Writing equations for Alpha DecayStep 1: Write the nuclide notation for your starting material,Step 2: Write the nuclide notation for the particle released.

Pu240

94 He 42


Pu240

94 He 42

Step 3: Subtract the atomic mass units lost. 240 – 4 = 236

+236


Pu240

94 He 42

Step 3: Subtract the atomic mass units lost. 240 – 4 = 236 Step 4: Subtract the protons lost. 94 – 2 = 92

+23692


Pu240

94 He 42

Step 3: Subtract the atomic mass units lost. 240 – 4 = 236 Step 4: Subtract the protons lost. 94 – 2 = 92Step 5: Look up the new identity of the element and write the symbol.

+23692 U

Atomic number

Anti-nutrino

II. Beta decay1. A neutron turns into a proton and emits an electron!

e-This electron is called a Beta particle

Symbol -

Anti-nutrino

II. Beta decay1. A neutron turns into a proton and emits an electron!

e-This electron is called a Beta particle

Symbol -

You could draw a picture of the change that looked like this.

7. Overall gain of one proton so transmutation has occurred. Example:

C14

6 e 0

-1 +14

7. Overall gain of one proton so transmutation has occurred. Example:

C14

6 e 0

-1 +147 N

Remember you are subtracting so 6 – (-1) = 6 + 1 = 7

III. Gamma Rays8. Transmutation does not occur by gamma emission.

IV. Neutron emission8. Transmutation does NOT occur . . . but change in

mass number does due to loss of neutron.

Physical Science Chapter 9 Review. CH 9 Review 1. Which particles make up the nucleus of the atom?...

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Transcript of Physical Science Chapter 9 Review. CH 9 Review 1. Which particles make up the nucleus of the atom?...