Certificate Physical and human Geography by Goen Che Leong.pdf
Physical and Human Geography -...
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S1121-070-1/Jun09/GEOG1 6/6/6 GEOG1 Geography GEOG1 Unit 1 Physical and Human Geography Tuesday 19 May 2009 1.30 pm to 3.30 pm General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination June 2009 Time allowed 2 hours Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written in margins or on blank pages will not be marked. Answer Question 1 and one other from Section A and Question 5 and one other from Section B. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information The maximum mark for this paper is 120. Each question is worth 30 marks. The marks for questions are shown in brackets. You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice Where appropriate, sketch maps and diagrams should be used to illustrate answers and reference made to examples and case studies. You are advised to spend about 60 minutes on Section A and about 60 minutes on Section B. You will need no other materials. You may use a calculator. For Examiner’s Use Examiner’s Initials Question Mark 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TOTAL Centre Number Candidate Number Surname Other Names Candidate Signature (JUN09GEOG101)
Transcript of Physical and Human Geography -...
S1121-070-1/Jun09/GEOG1 6/6/6 GEOG1
Geography GEOG1Unit 1 Physical and Human Geography
Tuesday 19 May 2009 1.30 pm to 3.30 pm
General Certificate of EducationAdvanced Subsidiary ExaminationJune 2009
Time allowed� 2 hours
Instructions
� Use black ink or black ball-point pen.� Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.� You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written
in margins or on blank pages will not be marked.� Answer Question 1 and one other from Section A and Question 5 and
one other from Section B.� Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.
Information
� The maximum mark for this paper is 120.� Each question is worth 30 marks.� The marks for questions are shown in brackets.� You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.� You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English– organise information clearly– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
� Where appropriate, sketch maps and diagrams should be used toillustrate answers and reference made to examples and case studies.
� You are advised to spend about 60 minutes on Section A and about 60 minutes on Section B.
You will need no other materials.
You may use a calculator.
Centre Number Candidate Number
Surname
Other Names
Candidate Signature
For Examiner’s Use
Examiner’s Initials
Question Mark
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
TOTAL
Centre Number Candidate Number
Surname
Other Names
Candidate Signature
(JUN09GEOG101)
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2
SECTION A
Answer Question 1 and one other question from this section.
1 RIVERS, FLOODS AND MANAGEMENT Total for this question: 30 marks
1 (a) Outline the ways in which a river transports its load.
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1 (b) Figure 1 shows the Hjulström curve.
Figure 1
1 (b) Using Figure 1, describe the relationship between velocity and load size for theprocess of erosion.
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0.1Clay
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Rivervelocity(cm/sec)
Silt Sand GravelIncreasing size of load
Transportation
Erosion
Deposition
Drop curvePick-up curve
Pebbles Boulders
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1 (c) Figure 2 shows potholes; landforms resulting from fluvial erosion.
Figure 2
1 (c) Describe these potholes and explain their formation.
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1 (d) Describe and explain the formation of landforms resulting from rejuvenation.
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2 COLD ENVIRONMENTS Total for this question: 30 marks
2 (a) Figure 3 shows the speed at which the ice within the Athabasca Glacier moves atdifferent depths.
Figure 3
2 (a) Describe the pattern of ice movement shown in Figure 3.
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10 25 355 15Velocity (metres per year)
Depth(metres)
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2 (b) Explain why the snouts of glaciers advance and retreat.
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2 (c) Describe the characteristics of drumlins and suggest reasons for their formation.
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2 (d) To what extent do you agree that development in tundra areas and/or the SouthernOcean has become more sustainable?
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3 COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS Total for this question: 30 marks
3 (a) Describe the characteristics of a sediment cell.
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3 (b) Figure 4 shows selected beach landforms.
Figure 4
3 (b) Explain the contrasting locations of the beach landforms shown in Figure 4.
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Cliff behind beach
Cusp
Storm beachBerms
Runnel
Shingle
Sea atlow tide
Key
Sand
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3 (c) Describe the characteristics of spits and explain their formation.
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3 (d) With specific reference to a case study of coastal erosion, assess the relativeimportance of its physical and socio-economic consequences.
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DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGEANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
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4 HOT DESERT ENVIRONMENTS AND THEIR MARGINSTotal for this question: 30 marks
4 (a) Describe the characteristics of the hot desert climate.
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4 (b) Explain the role of mechanical weathering in the disintegration of rock in hot desertareas.
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4 (c) Figure 5 shows a desert landscape in Arches National Park, Utah, USA.
Figure 5
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4 (c) Describe and suggest reasons for the formation of the landforms shown in Figure 5.
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4 (d) ‘Life in the Sahel is a constant battle to survive; use of this region can never besustainable.’ Assess the validity of this statement.
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SECTION B
Answer Question 5 and one other question from this section.
5 POPULATION CHANGE Total for this question: 30 marks
5 (a) Figure 6 shows population migration change in countries in the European Union(EU) between 2004 and 2005.
Figure 6
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Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea
Spain
France
IrelandUK
Portu
gal
CzechRepublic
A
BL
NPolandGermany
D
HungarySv
Sk
Italy
Malta
Greece
Cyprus
FinlandSweden
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
NKeyCountries which joined EU in May 2004
Members before May 2004
Scale: 2 mm = 1 person per thousand
Sv SloveniaSk SlovakiaN Netherlands
L LuxembourgD DenmarkB BelgiumA Austria
0 0
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5 (a) (i) Describe the pattern shown in Figure 6.
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5 (a) (ii) Suggest reasons for this pattern.
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5 (b) Figure 7a shows the population structure of the UK in 2001, whilst Figure 7bshows the age of registered Eastern European workers in the UK in June 2006.
Figure 7a
Figure 7b
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00 – 4
Percent Percent12345
5 – 910 – 1415 – 1920 – 2425 – 2930 – 3435 – 3940 – 4445 – 4950 – 5455 – 5960 – 6465 – 6970 – 7475 – 7980 – 8485 – 89
90 and over
Age category
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Male Female
3210
Age Number
55–64 3 400
45–54 26 000
35–44 44 710
25–34 168 000
18–24 183 000
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5 (b) Describe the population structure shown in Figure 7a and outline the likely impactof the Eastern European workers registered in the UK on this population structure.
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5 (c) Outline and comment on the economic and political consequences of populationchange.
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6 FOOD SUPPLY ISSUES Total for this question: 30 marks
6 (a) (i) Outline characteristics of the Green Revolution.
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6 (a) (ii) Explain why the Green Revolution can be described as only partiallysuccessful.
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6 (b) Assess the advantages of one appropriate/intermediate technology strategy forincreasing food production.
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6 (c) Figures 8a and 8b show some aspects related to the globalisation of foodproduction.
Figure 8a Figure 8b
6 (c) With the help of Figures 8a and 8b, outline and comment on issues resulting fromthe globalisation of food production.
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The wastefulness of a Christmas dinner?
The ingredients of a traditional Christmasmeal bought from a supermarket may havecumulatively travelled 40 000 km, accordingto a report ‘Eating Oil’.
Unfair trade?
In 2002, Wal-Mart, the world’s largestretailer, which owns Asda in the UK,renegotiated its banana buying. It invitedthe biggest distributors to bid for a globalcontract to supply its stores in severalcountries. Del Monte, sourcing in LatinAmerica, won a large chunk of thecontract and, because of the scale, agreeda deal which enabled Wal-Mart to slashits prices. The price of bananas fell from£1.08 per kilo in August 2002 to 81p atthe end of March 2003. By the end ofthe 1990s, three-quarters of world bananatrade was in the hands of five companies:Chiquita (26%), Dole (25%), and DelMonte, Fyffes and Noboa, (8% each).Between 1990 and 2000, the value ofbanana exports from the WindwardIslands fell by more than half.
SpainCarrots
ItalyPotatoes
ZambiaRunner beans
ZimbabweMange tout
ThailandPoultry
UKSprouts
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7 ENERGY ISSUES Total for this question: 30 marks
7 (a) Figure 9a shows an apartment block in Manchester, whilst Figure 9b is an extractfrom a geographical periodical.
Figure 9a Figure 9b
7 (a) (i) Outline how energy for the apartments shown in Figure 9a is provided in asustainable way.
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The residential sector in the UK is a large, ifoften overlooked, consumer of fossil fuels.The country’s 25 million homes emit over40 million tonnes of carbon every year – justunder 30% of the UK total.
The figures for 1970–2000 show that energyconsumption in the domestic sector has risenby an average of almost 1% a year despite aconcerted effort to make homes and heatingsystems more efficient. Increasing demandoutstrips our attempts at conservation.
UK homes are some of the least energyefficient in Europe – 60% of residentialenergy is used for space heating. Reducingheat loss by insulating buildings and makingthem more airtight could cut that figurealmost in half, although there is a shortageof skilled installers to advise householdersand to do the work.
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7 (a) (ii) Study Figure 9b. Assess the contribution of the methods of producing energydescribed in (a)(i) in reducing the impact of domestic energy use on theenvironment.
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7 (b) Summarise the factors affecting the location of wind farms.
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7 (c) Describe and explain the impact of the use of fossil fuels on the environment.
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8 HEALTH ISSUES Total for this question: 30 marks
8 (a) Figure 10a shows the distribution of malaria cases by country in 2005. Figure 10b shows the percentage of population at risk of malaria. Figure 10c shows the percentage of global deaths from malaria.
Figure 10a
Figure 10b Figure 10c
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Fewer than 10
Malaria cases(per 100 000)
Equator
10 – 99100 – 9991000 – 9 99910 000 – 24 99925 000 and over
Key
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
Africa88 %
Asia10 %
Latin America2 %
0Africa
10203040506070
Asia LatinAmerica
Percentageof population
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8 (a) (i) Describe the pattern shown in Figure 10a.
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8 (a) (ii) Study Figures 10b and 10c. Explain why the percentage of population at riskof and the percentage dying from infectious diseases, such as malaria, varies.
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8 (b) Assess the economic impact of one ‘disease of affluence’.
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8 (c) Describe and suggest reasons for regional variations in morbidity in the UK.
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END OF QUESTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT-HOLDERS AND PUBLISHERS
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders have been unsuccessfuland AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future papers if notified.
Question 1 Figure 1: Figure 31 The Hjulström curve, Rivers & Coasts, Contemporary Case Studies, Philip Allan UpdatesQuestion 2 Figure 3: Nelson Thornes Ltd. From GeoFile Online: Unit 517, April 2006Question 3 Figure 4: Figure 74 Typical Beach Landforms, Rivers & Coasts, Contemporary Case Studies, Philip Allan UpdatesQuestion 5 Figure 6: Population change in the environment, Geography Review, Philip Allan Updates, January 2006Question 5 Figure 7a: Source: www.statistics.gov Reproduced under the terms of the Click-Use LicenceQuestion 6 Figures 8a & 8b: Reproduced with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd from GeoFile Online: Series 25, Issue 3, Unit 541
(Globalisation of Food Production), GARRETT NAGLE, first published in 2007Question 7 Figure 9a: MARTIN BOND/Still PicturesQuestion 7 Figure 9b: energymatters: The 40% house, Geography Review, Volume 20, Number 1, September 2006, Philip Allan
UpdatesQuestion 8 Figure 10a: World Health Organization. http://gamapserver.who.int/maplibrary/files/maps/global_cases.jpgQuestion 8 Figures 10b & 10c: Nelson Thornes Ltd. From GeoFile Online: Unit 553, September 2007
Copyright © 2009 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
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