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PhotosynthesisA process used by plants to convert the light energy captured from the sun into
chemical energy that can be used to fuel an organism's activities
Reading: pgs 200 - 214
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Autotroph: organisms that can produce their own food
Heterotroph: organisms that get nutrition from consuming other organisms
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A PhotoautotrophCyanobacteria living in an aqueous environment
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Chemoautotrophic bacteria living on a hydrothermal vent
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How we know what we know today
Van Helmont’s experiment • Plants didn’t get their mass through consuming
soil
Priestley’s experiment • Plants produce oxygen
Jan Ingenhousz • Plants only produce oxygen in the sunlight
(plants need sunlight)
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Joseph Priestly• Plants produced something required for
burning and for life
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Jan Ingenhousz• Aquatic plants
produce bubbles only when exposed to light
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The Photoautotrophs we all know and love
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Anatomy of a leafCuticle – waxy protective coatingEpidermis – top layer of protective cellsMesophyll – center cells full of chloroplastsStoma – openings in lower epidermis, protected by guard cellsVascular bundle – transports water and nutrients throughout plant
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Double MembraneStroma – the Fluid that fills the chloroplastThylakoids – stacked up folded membranes made of lipids in a bilayerPhotosystems – protein complexes buried in the membranes where photosynthesis happens• There are many of these in
one thylakoid
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Photosynthesis• Two separate systems working together to create a simple sugarFirst system Light Dependent Reactions• Use light to charge up energy carrying moleculesSecond System Calvin Cycle• Use energy from energy carrying molecules to convert CO2 into
Sugar
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Chlorophyll• Molecule that can absorb the energy from wavelengths
of light
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Light reactionsThe electron transport chain• Goals to energize ATP and NADPH using sunlight• Chain of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane
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By filling up thylakoid space with H+ we generate a concentration gradient. Releasing H+ to travel down gradient this releases enough energy to recharge ADP into ATP
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Calvin CycleGoals to use the ATP and NADPH produced in the light Reactions to power the conversion of CO2 into a simple sugar
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Chromatography
Separate
• Analyze
• Identify
• Purify
• QuantifyComponentsMixture
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Uses of Chromatography• Chromatography is used by scientists to:
• Analyze – examine a mixture, its components, and their relations to one another
• Identify – determine the identity of a mixture or components based on known components
• Purify – separate components in order to isolate one of interest for further study
• Quantify – determine the amount of the a mixture and/or the components present in the sample
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Mixture Components
Separation
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