Photonics in Broadband Access and the Next Generation ...(pol-muxed (D)QPSK, 16-QAM, …) (G....

Photonics in Broadband Accessand the Next Generation Network

Leo Spiekman

Alphion Corp. Proprietary & Confidential

The Next Generation Network

● Architectural evolution in core and access

● One network for all information and services

● Everything transmitted as packets


Internet Traffic Growth

Nearexponential increase in bandwidth use– Organic growth – increase in customer base– Shift in content, away from static pages, toward

multimedia embedded content and streaming video– Larger bandwidth

demand of content providers and other high end users

(P. Magill, AT&T Labs, LEOS Annual Mtg. 2007)


Traffic Type Is Changing

Packets (data) have overtaken circuits (voice)

1990 1995 2000 2005 20100

200

400

600

800

1000

VoiceDataTotal

Tra

ffic

(Gb/

s)

(R. Tkach, AlcatelLucent, OFC 2008)


Economies of Unified Management


Three Ways to Increase Capacity

● Increase bitrates● More wavelengths● More fibers

New technologies are introducedif and when they become costeffective


25.6 Tb/s Transmission

● 160 Channels

● Two Polarizations

● 2 x 42.7 Gb/s RZDQPSK

PC

INT

INT

INT

TX 1

TX 2

ODD

EVEN

C1..C79

L

CC/L C/L

Raman L

CC/L

80km SSMFDCFL

CC/L C/L Delay

3-dB Coupler

PC PBS

L

CC/L C/L

AWG

AWGL1..L79

C/L

C2..C80AWG

L2..L80

C/L

PCEDFAs

PC

PC

PCSpans (×3)

AWG

ControlClock/2Clock/2

Clock/2MZ

π/2MZ

MZMZ

π/2π/2MZMZ

42.7 Gb/s

42.7 Gb/s

50GHz/100GHz Interleavers Concatenated passband: 40 GHz

Wavelength (nm)

Rela

tive

Pow

er (d

B)

1520 1540 1560 1580 1600

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

Wavelength (nm)

Rela

tive

Pow

er (d

B)

1520 1540 1560 1580 1600

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

(A. Gnauck, AlcatelLucent, OFC 2007)


DWDM is Hard

● Linear Impairments– Chromatic Dispersion– Polarization Mode Dispersion

● Nonlinear Impairments– Self Phase Modulation– FourWave Mixing– Cross Phase Modulation


DWDM is Really Hard

Gets worse with higher bitrates and channel densities!

(J. Perino, Electronics Letters 1994)

(F. Forghieri, Photonics Technology Letters 1994)

Dispersion

FWM


Network Layering Wildly Successful

● Ethernet: 1973● WWW: 1989● Google: 1998● DWDM transmission: 1987


Network Convergence

LAN MAN WAN

Voice

Video

Data Ethernet/IP

SONET/SDH


Line Speed Convergence

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

Gb

/ s

Ethernet

SONET

Generations

OC192

OC48

OC12

OC3

OC768

OC3072?

10BASET

100BASET/100BASEFX

GbE

10GbE

100GbE

TbE?


Why the Push for Ethernet?

● Rigorous standardization– Everyting that is not allowed is prohibited

● Vendor interoperability– Enables fierce competition

● Rapid evolution– Media, speeds

● Installed base preservation


Convergence to Packets

● Core converges to IP or Ethernet● Increasingly, services independent from

transport layer● But: Ethernet was not designed for video

LAN MAN WAN

Voice

Video

DataEthernet/

IP

SONET/SDH


Different Traffic has Different NeedsType of video● High speed

● Long distance (video download)

● QoS (streaming)

● Latency (interactive)


DWDM is Hard

● Linear Impairments● NonLinear Impairments● Bottom three layers of OSI

model

... Also in the Next Generation Network

crossconnect add/drop


100 Gb/s is Next?● 100G Ethernet will come, driven by

applications (e.g., videoondemand)

● 100Gb/s transport will have several flavors

– Ethernet transport (IEEE) for local area and access networks

– OTN transport (ITUT) for widearea networks

(G. Raybon, AlcatelLucent, OFC 2008)

“We're upgrading our network to 40 Gbit/s, but we will go to100 Gbit/s as soon as possible and we hope to deploy

early next year," Fred Briggs, executive vice president for network operations

and technology at Verizon, Lightreading September 2007.


100 Gb/s Standardization Activity

IEEE-Higher Speed Study Group (HSSG) – Ethernet transport for local area and access networks– Presentations found at http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/3/hssg/index.html

Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF)– Common Electrical Interface (CEI) enable high speed signaling for

backplanes and chip to chip communications International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications

Standardization Sector (ITU-T)– Define standards for Optical Transport Network (OTN)

IEEE

IEEE

IEEE

ITU-T

OIFOIF



100 Gb/s per channel

10 x

10

Gb/

s

MUX

10 x 10Gb/s Modulators(electrical optical)

100 Gb/s(10 λ ’s)

100GEMAC

(P. Winzer, AlcatelLucent, OFC 2008)

100G parallel transport(= inverse multiplexing)

10 x

10

Gb/

s

100 Gb/s(or 2 x 50)

MUX

100Gb/s Modulator(electrical optical)

Laser

100 Gb/s (1 λ )

100GEMAC

100G serial transport

Choice depends on lowest cost per bit:• Targeted system capacity (spectral efficiency)• Targeted system reach• Wavelength management and networking aspects (ROADMs, etc.)

10 ps / bit


100 Gb/s per wavelength

1 bit/symbol 2 bits/symbol 4 bits/symbol and up107 … 131 Gbaud

(OOK, DPSK, DB/PSBT, …)54 … 66 Gbaud

(DQPSK, pol-muxed OOK, …)27 … 33 Gbaud

(pol-muxed (D)QPSK, 16-QAM, …)


RZ-DQPSK 64-QAM


Towards 1 Tb/s

MLFL1SCbased

pulsecompressor

40 Gb/s

2 ps1553 nm

OTDM receiver640 Gb/s

OTDM transmitter640 Gb/s

× 4 × 16

640 Gb/s


1 Tb/s = a lot of optical bandwidth

1530 1536 1542 1548 1554 1560 156640

30

20

10

0

Wavelength [nm]

Rel

ativ

e P

ower

[dB

]

clock40 GHz

holdingbeamCW

data640 Gb/s

BPF transferfunction

5.12nm

SOA out

SOA in

(E. Tangdiongga, Technical Univ. Eindhoven, ECOC 2007)

COBRA

1 Tb/s modulated= 16 nm of BW


NGN in JapanNGN: Next Generation Network.

Everything over IP

NTT East taking orders as of March 31, 2008

NWGN: New Generation Network.New paradigm in R&D

“Development of core network control and management technologies to support Petabit/sclass largescale new generation networks, unify path/packet networks, and lead international standardization activities”

(http://nag.nict.go.jp/index_e.html)


NGN in the US

All IP based, butOC192 over DWDM in core

(P. Poll, Qwest, OFC 2008)


NGN in EuropeBritish Telecom: 21st Century Network

Convergence to everything over IPMPLS in Core


NGN in EuropeThe Netherlands: AllIP

Core network based on Ethernet


IP over MPLS

LSR

Label Switching Routers(LSR)

Label Edge Routers (LER)

IP Packet

IP Packet

L1

L2

Label Switching Path(LSP)

MultiProtocol Label Switching

(G. Cincotti, Roma Tre University, OFC 2006)


Future: Optical Packet Switching

AWG

:

160 Gb/s payloadLabel Extractor

1

2N

Outputs packets

Wavelength converter

Input packets

1st label Nth label

Labels Processor Control signal cw λ 2N

cw λ 2 cw λ 1

Fast Label Recognition Fast AllOptical Switching

(N. Calabretta, Technical Univ. Eindhoven, OFC 2008)

Packets at output


Why AllOptical?

– Less complexity

– Lower power consumption

Same reason ROADMs / OXCs offer express lanesin circuit switched networks:


Fast AllOptical Switching

● SOA Switching Elements– High Extinction Ratio– Nanosecond Switching

SOA

SOA

SOA

SOA

SOA

ISM14 Integrated Switch

SOA

SOA

SOA

SOA

ISM22 Integrated Switch

SOA

SOA


Fast AllOptical Label Recognition

ACP

CCPOC1

Single-ChipMultiportEncoder / Decoder

(G. Cincotti, Roma Tre University, OFC 2006)

switch controller

LSR node controller

optical packetswitch

label swapping controller

E/D labelswitch

label remover

buffering

E/D

E/D

Time (100ns/div)

Label Payload


Optical Packet Switching Field Trial

Keihanna

NaraOsaka

Kyoto

JGN2 testbed network(http://www.jgn.nict.go.jp)

EN #1

EN #2

Keihanna

OPS system

Nara

Field SMF 16km

RDF(11.5km)

RDF(11.5km)

EH #3

EH #4

EH #1

EH #2

EN #3

EN #4

Japan

Field SMF 16km

1x2 Switch

1x2 Switch

2x1 Coupler

2x1 Coupler

160Gbps WDMOptical Packet with label “A”

Label “B”

(N. Wada, NiCT, OFC 2008)


Access Networks: PON or PtP?

November 14th, 2006 page 9 All rights reserved © 2006 France Telecom

Passive Optical Network (PON) has 3 main advantages ⇒ Less capex in optics & equipment⇒ Less opex in provisioning⇒ Wholesale offer available

Fiber

Optical LineTermination(DSLAM like

OpticalNetwork

Termination

GPON a maturing technology ready for rollout

OpticalSplitter

OpticalNetwork

Termination

PON

Point to multipoint

Point to Point

Fiber


PON is High Density in CO

10 Linecards x 4 PON ports x 128 ONTs = 5120 ONTs per shelf


PON Roadmap

Unde

r

Deve

lopme

nt

2000 20011998 20032002 2004

100k

1M

10M

100M

1G

BPONBPON1,2G/622M20 km

Year

Bitrate(bit/s)

Standard FSAN, ITUT G.983.1FSAN, ITUT G.983.1

APONAPON 622/155M20 kmTDM

PON

20051997 ...

2,5G GPONGPON

2006

EPONEPON1/1 G, 20kmIEEE 802.3ahIEEE 802.3ah

StandardStandard FSAN, ITUT G.983.1amd1, G.983.3...10FSAN, ITUT G.983.1amd1, G.983.3...10

ITUT G.984.1..4ITUT G.984.1..4

APON ...ATMPONBPON...BroadbandPONEPON...EthernetPONGPON...GigabitPONCWDM...Coarse WDMDWDM...Dense WDM

2,5/2,5G, 60km

Standards approved and public

Next Gen OANNext Gen OAN(C,D)WDMPON ???(C,D)WDMPON ???

Long Reach OAN ???Long Reach OAN ???

(A. Srivastava, OneTerabit, 2008)


State of the Art: GPON

Voice

Video

Data GPON Optical Line Terminal (OLT)

1 x NPassive Optical Splitter

ONT 1

ONT 2

ONT 3

ONT N

…

GPON Optical Network Terminal (ONT)

Central OfficeOutside Plant Customer

Premises

1490 nm → ← 1310 nm

Single Fiber

(D. Piehler, Alphion, 2008)


GPON with Reach Extender

PON OLT

• Increased reach

TDM down14801500 nm

TDMA up12601360 nm

1:32

20 km

ONT 1

ONT 32

ONT 2

Nearterm (tactical): avoid current practice of “remoting” the OLT to go beyond practical 20 km limit

(will require an OEO or optical ampbased reach extender)

* D. Payne and R. Davey, “The future of fibre access systems?,” BT Technol. J., 20, 104114, 2002.

Longterm (strategic): may permit consolidation of central offices (local exchanges)*

(P. Iannone, AT&T, OFC 2008)


GPON with Reach Extender

PON OLT

• Increased reach

TDM down14801500 nm

TDMA up12601360 nm

1:128

60 km

ONT 1

ONT 128

ONT 2

Nearterm (tactical): avoid current practice of “remoting” the OLT to go beyond practical 20 km limit

Reach Extender

(will require an OEO or optical ampbased reach extender)

* D. Payne and R. Davey, “The future of fibre access systems?,” BT Technol. J., 20, 104114, 2002.

Longterm (strategic): may permit consolidation of central offices (local exchanges)*



Strategic Use of Reach Extender

CentralOffice

Red lines represent subset of individual PONs within each CO serving area

CO Serving Area(20 km radius)

Idealized geographic distribution of central offices (CO)

Longreach PONs enable CO consolidation

CO

Elementary PON (20 km reach)



Strategic Use of Reach Extender

New CentralOffice

• This strategy benefits from WDM or TDM muxing between OLT and PON extender

Lots of technology options ( , DWDM, higher rate TDM, λ conversion, etc)

case for alloptical extender box may be more compelling for multi wavelengths

Longreach PONs enable CO consolidation (60 – 100 km reach)

New CO Serving Area(60 km radius)

Idealized geographic distribution of central offices

CWDM

OpEx• Saves on:

Powering

Real estate

• Eliminate majority of central offices

• Powered extender box on feeder

• Possibly increase split per PON

Bidirectional reach extender



Power and Space Savings


Future: PON Capacity Increase

WDMAWDMA WavelengthDivision

MultipleAccess

TDMATDMATimeDivisionMultipleAccess

OOCDMACDMA CodeDivisionMultiple

Access

t

Inte

nsity

Cha

nnel

1C

hann

el 2

… …C

hann

el N

T t

Wav

elen

gth Channel 1

Channel 2……

Channel N

Tt

Am

plitu

d

Channel 1

T

Channel 2

Channel N

(N. Kataoka, NiCT, OFC 2008)


WDMPON

(P. Iannone, AT&T, 2008)

60 km

1.3 µm Tx

ONT1.5 µm RxCO OLT Tx

CO OLT Rx

Rx1350 nm

1290 nm

Rx1310 nm

Rx1330 nm

Rx

DFBLD1550 nm

1490 nm

DFBLD1510 nm

DFBLD1530 nm

DFBLD

C W

D M

C W

D M

C W

D M

C W

D M

2:2

2:2

2:2

2:2

1:16

1:16

..

.

.

.

.

1.3/1.5 µ m Mux

60 km

1.3 µm Tx

ONT1.5 µm Rx

1.3 µm Tx

ONT1.5 µm RxCO OLT Tx

CO OLT Rx

Rx1350 nm

1290 nm

Rx1310 nm

Rx1330 nm

Rx

DFBLD1550 nm

1490 nm

DFBLD1510 nm

DFBLD1530 nm

DFBLD

C W

D M

C W

D M

C W

D M

C W

D M

2:22:2

2:22:2

2:22:2

2:22:2

1:161:16

1:161:16

......

.

.

.

1.3/1.5

1.3µ mHybrid Amp

Remote Node

1.5µ mHybrid Amp

1490 nm down1310 nm up





OCDMAPON

OCDM Tx 1

OCDM Tx 2

OCDM Tx 3

OCDM Tx 4

8NetworkAnalyzer

10GbE

PC3

PC4

HDVCamera

HDVCamera

PPG

10.3125GH ｚλ :1551nmDCF

Otemachi50km

InstalledSMF

50kmInstalled

SMF

OCDM Rx 1

OCDM Rx 8

OCDM Rx 2

Koganei

13579111315

1:8splitter

ONU1

ONU2

ONU8

λ :1551nm

Uplink

(xii) (xi) (x) (ix) (viii) (vii)

20 [ps/div] 20 [ps/div] 20 [ps/div] 20 [ps/div] 20 [ps/div] 20 [ps/div]

λ :1551nm

λ :1551nmDPSK signal

Central station (Koganei)Multiport

Decoder

MultiportEncoder

OCDM Tx 1

OCDM Tx 2

OCDM Tx 3

OCDM Tx 4

8

1

3

579111315

NetworkAnalyzer

10GbE

PC3

PC4

HDVCamera

HDVCamera

PPG

10.3125GH ｚ λ :1551nmDCF

Otemachi50km

InstalledSMF

50kmInstalled

SMF

PCVOA OCDM Rx 1

OCDM Rx 8

OCDM Rx 2

Koganei

ONU1

ONU2

ONU8

λ :1551nm

λ :1551nm

λ :1551nm

1:8splitter

Central station (Koganei)20 [ps/div] 20 [ps/div] 20 [ps/div] 20 [ps/div] 20 [ps/div] 20 [ps/div]

Downlink(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)DPSK signal

TokyoKoganei

OtemachiKoganei

(N. Kataoka, NiCT, OFC 2008)


Summary

● Convergence to packet networks● Standardization is essential● IP in the core already here● Future: Optical packet switching???● Access networks are running on GPON● Extended reach GPON is coming● Future: WDMPON? OCDMAPON?

Thanks: David Piehler, Alphion Corp., USA A. Gnauck, G. Raybon, P. Winzer, AlcatelLucent, USA E. Tangdiongga, N. Calabretta, TU Eindhoven, Netherlands G. Cincotti, Roma Tre University, Italy N. Wada, NiCT, Japan P. Iannone, K. Reichmann, AT&T Labs Research, USA A. Srivastava, OneTerabit, USA

Photonics in Broadband Access and the Next Generation ...(pol-muxed (D)QPSK, 16-QAM, …) (G....

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Transcript of Photonics in Broadband Access and the Next Generation ...(pol-muxed (D)QPSK, 16-QAM, …) (G....