Photometric Measurement of Ground-Level
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Transcript of Photometric Measurement of Ground-Level
Photometric Measurementof
Ground-Level Fugitive Dust Emissionsfrom
Open-Lot Animal Feeding Operations
S. L. M. Preece, B. W. Auvermann, T. Kwon, G. W. Marek, K. Heflin, K. J. BushTexas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo TX; University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth MN
Photo: J. Sweeten
Photo: S. Sakirkin
Photo: S. Preece
Photo: S. Preece
© 2009, Google Earth
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Contrast in Visually Assessed Dust Conditions
Image Pairs
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Moderate Dust High DustLow Dust
Honing the Approach
• Sky glare• Polarized light• Wide-spectrum CCD• Dust on targets• Number of TEOMs relative to path-length• TEOM-associated errors• Image resolution• RGB to Grayscale conversion equation• Night Measurements
Sky Glare
Polarized Light
Wide Spectrum Camera
Dust on Targets
TEOM Data
• Number of TEOMs• Placement of TEOMs• R2 associated with TEOM data
Image Resolution / Path Length
RGB to Grayscale Conversion
I = (0.2989R) + (0.5870G) + (0.1140B)
Night
Automation
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding support of USDA-CSREES under National Research Initiative grant number 2009-55112-05235.
DISCLAIMER
References to specific, commercial brand names in this paper are not exclusive of other, functionally equivalent brands or products and should not be construed as an endorsement of those brand names by Texas AgriLife Research or any of its research partners.
REFERENCES
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CAMO. 2007. The Unscrambler. Version 9.7. CAMO Software AS. Oslo, Norway.
Kwon, T. M. 1998. An automatic visibility measurement system based on video cameras. University of Minnesota Duluth Report No. MN/RC-1998-25. Report to the Minnesota Department of Transportation. Springfield, VA.: National Technical Information Services.
Kwon, T. M. 2004. Atmospheric visibility measurements using video cameras: relative visibility. University of Minnesota Duluth Report No. CTS 04-03. Report to the Minnesota Department of Transportation. Springfield, VA.: National Technical Information Services.
Kwon, T. M. 2006. Video camera-based visibility measurement system. U. S. patent No. 7,016,045 B2.
Mathworks. 2008. MATLAB and Simulink. Ver. R2008b. Natick, MD.: The Mathworks, Inc.
MacVean, D. W., Franzen, D. K., Keefe, T. J., and Bennett, B. W. 1986. Airborne particle concentration and meteorological conditions associated with pneumonia incidence in feedlot cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 47(12):2676-2682.
Von Essen, S. G., and B. W. Auvermann. 2006. Health effects from breathing air near CAFOs for feeder cattle or hogs. Journal of Agromedicine. 10(4):55-64.
Wyatt, T. A., R. E. Slager, J. D. DeVasure, B. W. Auvermann, M. L. Mulhern, S. Von Essen, T. Mathisen, A. A. Floreani, and D. J. Romberger. 2007. Feedlot dust stimulation of interleukin-6 and -8 requires protein kinase Cε in human bronchial epithelial cells. American Journal of Physiology. Lung, Cellular, and Molecular Physiology. 293(5):L1163-L1170.