Reported by:

IRIS LOTERTE-AVILLANOSA

1st Year, MSEM-Environmental Management

„Felix qui portuit rerum conoscere

causas“ “ Lucky who would be able to know the true nature of things“

Wildlife Conservation

– refers to the husbandry and use of natural resources by the

present and succeeding generations. Aesthetic, sporting, economic,

and ethical use of landscapes, game, minerals, animals, plants,

soils, and water. Includes an ever-widening group of animals —

mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, arthropods (e.g lobster),

and mollusks (e.g oyster) and includes plants as well.

Conservation

- is a planned management of a natural resource or the total

environment of a particular ecosystem to prevent exploitation,

pollution, destruction, or neglect and to ensure the future use of the

resource.

Endemic species

– are the species of plants and animals that are peculiar to a place.

. Objectives:

maintenance of essential ecological processes & life-support

systems

preservation of genetic diversity

guarantee of the sustainable use of species and ecosystem.

- includes activities as the protection & restoration of endangered species

- the colorful use of recycling of scale mineral resources

- the rational use of energy resources

- he sustainable use of soils & living resources

Conservation, WCS by IUCNN

- is the management of human use of the biosphere so that it may

yield the greatest sustainable benefit while maintaining its potential to

meet the needs and aspirants of future generations

1969

- many countries established ministries for the environment. The

US, by the NEPA, established a national CEQ to oversee and help

coordinate those activities of government that could have an effect

upon the environment.

After World War II

- synthetic pesticides, insecticides used to control pests and

diseases. Eventually, it was discovered that the pesticides had

unexpected and severe consequences on the environment

1950s and early 1960s

- all forms of pollution also became a matter of major significance as

populations and industrial activities increased after World War II

1970

- problems of the environment had become international in scope:

The need for an international approach to conservation problems

found most nations generally unprepared to cope with the

situation.

Conservation-oriented recommendations aimed at controlling the

use of radioactive materials, heavy metals, toxic pesticides, or the

dumping of petroleum at sea could not be enforced

internationally.

The need to regulate the exploitation of marine resources was

widely acknowledged, but such regulation was ineffective without

an empowered international authority.

UNESCO major scientific program directed toward the problems of

“Man and the Biosphere,” and an international conference on

environmental problems.

1972

The need for regulatory power over the environment at an

intergovernmental level was stated frequently.

WHO &WMO - global program to monitor pollution levels.

UNGA established UNEP to act on the recommendations of the

Stockholm meeting.

• UNEP surveyed the status of many aspects of the world's environment

and natural resources, subsequently publishing its findings in numerous

reports. 1980

• the IUCNNR with UNEP and WWF, published World Conservation

Strategy. This document, which presented worldwide strategies for the

rational use of resources, and has served as the basis for many national

conservation plans.

“RP’s Virgin Forest”,

“Wide Island Zoo”,

“Bird Sanctuary”,

“Island Paradise”,

“Safari Land”,

“Haven of the Philippine Wildlife”

“The Last Frontier”

Discover Palawan

Palawan lies on the stable Sunda Shelf from which

Borneo also lies.

Before, there was a land bridge connecting Borneo &

Palawan, allow migration of the dominant western

Malaysian type of vegetation into Palawan.

Later, this connection was broken allowing migration

to proceed from Southern Palawan northward to the

Calamianes Group of Islands though this did not

extent to Mindoro Straits.

Thus, there’s a close affinity between the plants of

Palawan & Borneo, which is not apparent with the rest

of the island of the Philippines.

Palawan is the largest province in the Philippines with 1,489,655 has. of total

area. It has 636,400 has. of mountains and 853,255 has. of lowlands.

Surf Palawan

beautiful countryside

virgin forests

lush vegetations

picturisque mountains

long stretches of sunkissed seashore

an undergroud river

rippling brooks and waterfalls

wonderful wild plants and animals

other unique geographical features

Mangrove Forests and Nipa Groves

2nd largest mangrove forest in the country

60,000 has, in coastal areas, broad mud flats

along the lower reaches of tidal streams & estuaries

Beach Forests

grow in thickest, forming dense stands.

Vegetations over Limestone (Calareous & karst limestone)

plants tolerates high temp., low moisture, poor soil or even

soil-less condition.

Forest Over Ultramafic Soil

in high concentration of metalsin the soil (esp. chromite & nickel)

Lowland Evergreen Forest

species belong to dipterocarp family; large & tall growing woods.

Lowland Semi-Deciduous Forest

presence of brushland mixed with evergreen trees.

Sub-Montane Forest

confined to tall mountains, festooned w/ thick carpet of mosses &

epiphytic ferns.

Palawan Vegetations

Land Cover Classifications in Palawan (Satellite Image 1998)

Old growth Forest

Mossy Forest

Residual Forest

Marginal Forest

Karst Limestone

Mangrove Forest

Brushland

Coconut Plantations

Other Plantations

Grassland

Paddy Field/Rice field

Cropland

Bare/Rocky Area

Mining Area

Fishpond/inland Water body

Shallow Coast

Palawan Land Cover

• e.g International Union for Conservation

of Nature & Natural Resources

• e.g. Captive

Breeding Programs

of DENR

• e.g Conservation

International- Palawan

• e.g CFI, CGPWS,

PFF, etc.

C-Matrix

232 of wildlife species (23% of the thousand

species in the country)

206 species of birds

botanically, most diverse & rich islands in

the country.

active speciation brought about by varying

edaphic and climatic conditions

wildlife abounds because it has been able

to preserve its natural paradisiacal state

exotic animals differs a lot from the rest of

the country.

rare & endemic animals make Palawan

famous.

Flora and Fauna of Palawan

Pal. Gardenia

Pal. Cherry

Madulid’s Epithema

Kandis

Kalublob Jasminum

Katmon

Malakatmon

Kuong-kuong

Kuong-kuong

Pal. Begonia

Wild Citrus

Pal. Mussaenda

Pungapong Toona Calantas

Wild Pal. Agoho

Bugto

Culion Pitogo Dolo

El Nido Hoya

Freycenitia

Ginoo

Guttiferae

Iron wood Palasan

Paningit

Pal. Cinnamun

Armadillo

Bear Cat

Porcupine

Mouse Deer 7-colored Spotted Dove

Government and private sectors have joined forces hands towards

forest protection and conservation. Several measures have been

undertaken such as the creation of protected areas,

forest and watersheds reserves where

rare and endemic species are found.

ECAN (Environmentally Critical Area Network) Strategy

using graded system of protection and development

control over the whole Palawan.

National Integrated Protection Area System (NIPAS)

RA 7586, proclaimed 47,417 has., an environmental considerations

for the protection of land in pursuance of the sustainable

development of Palawan-PCSD.

PCSD, administrative machinery institutionalized to carry out

objective enunciated under RA 7611 (SEP Act for Palawan).

ECAN Strategies:

Forest conservation & protection through imposing total

commercial logging ban in all areas of maximum protection

(core zone) & other restricted use zones.

Protection of Watersheds.

Preservation of biological diversity

Protection of tribal people & the preservation of their tribal

culture.

Protection of rare & endangered species & their habitats.

Maintenance of maximun sustainable yield.

Provision of areas for environmental & ecological research,

education & training.

Provision of areas for tourism and recreation.

Mangrove Forest

Buffer Strips along River and

Escarpments.

Freshwater Swamps and Marshes, Lakes

& other Inland Water Bodies.

Non-NIPAS Categories

Ursula Island Game Refuge &

Bird Sanctuary, 1960, Aug. 30

Bacuit Watershed Reservation

1971, Mar. 26

Calauit Game Preserve &

Wildlife Sanctuary,

1976, Aug. 13

Tubattaha Reef Nat’l Park & World

Heritage Site, 1988, Aug.01

St. Paul Subterranean River

and National Park

Palawan Flora and Fauna &

Watershed Reserve

Crocodile Farm Institute &

Wildlife Consevation,

Puerto Prinesa City

Busuanga

El Nido

Bataraza

Cagayancillo

Calauit Game Preserve &

Wildlife Sanctuary,

1976, Aug. 13

Busuanga

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Tong

Boya

Peña Ponda

Cheey

Punta

Turda

Baled

Paana

Bagas

Puyod

Balete

Patuyo

Atakan

Bacung

Dengen

Datmon

Manlag

Tambon

Ulawan

Boctot

Cadies

Agnaya

Agnaya

Kawiren

Lawagan

Dimihat

Dyapnay

Calauit

Tuburan

Bulanga

Patache

Talisay

Dumaran

Anibong

Kawayan

Madulon

Dularog

Abangan

Tatapan

Kalatan

Dequera

Cemento

Dibuloc

Pagducon

Namultan

Balatbat

Atangken

Mamaquen

Degtayan

Pinilian

Mamaquen

Debatang

Macachin

Inagtapan

Aban-Aban

Dimapasoc

Malbongco

Paco-Paco

Binalayan

Pulanglupa

Panlalaban

Macalachao

Minoro Is.

Binactalan

Tambon Hill

Lahingching

DemabengtenDimihat Hill

Alik-ik Hill

Pinalaypayan

Pinagkiyawan

Camudla Hill

Dibuloc Hill

Balatbat Hill

Kiling-Kiling

Big Dayongdong

Little Dayongdong

Bacuit Watershed

Reservation

1971, Mar. 26

El Nido

St. Paul Subterranean River

and National Park

Puerto Prinesa City

Tubattaha Reef Nat’l Park & World

Heritage Site, 1988, Aug.01 Cagayancillo

Palawan Flora and Fauna &

Watershed Reserve

Crocodile Farm

Institute & Wildlife

Conservation Puerto Prinesa City

Ursula Island Game Refuge &

Bird Sanctuary, 1960, Aug. 30 Bataraza

Other environmental protection, conservation programs, management &

policies that includes Palawan as one of its priority area.

(Previously) Harribon Palawan of the Phil Wetland & Wildlife Conservation

Foundation, Inc.

Captive Breeding Programs by the DENR, e.g. CFI-Palawan

Philippine Teaching Conservation of Endangered Palawan Peacock

Pheasant

Biodiversity Conservation Program in Palawan by the CI-Philippines &

DENR.

World Conservation Strategy by the International Union for Conservation of

Nature and Natural Resources.

Agenda 21 on Wildlife conservation, etc.

National Environment & Resource Management of the PEPD1511

National Resources Management and Conservation, PE Code or PD1152

National Biodiversity Strategy & Action Plan created & adopted by DENR/CI

Protected Area & Wildlife Bureau of DENR/CI, convened PBCPP.

Wildlife Resources Conservation & Protection Act, RA9147 (NIPAS).

alternative protection of critical wildlife habitats.

New: Terrestrial Eco-regions of the Indo-Pacific Project by WWF- US

Conservation Science Program.

Strategic Actions and Recommendations

Harmonize researches

Enhance and strenghten protected areas

Institutionalize monitoring and evaluation

systems of projects and of biodiversity

Develop a national constituency for biodiversity

conservation in the Philippines.

Immediate actions from social, politics and

economic bodies.