Phil Lit Development

7/29/2019 Phil Lit Development

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Objectives

At the end of the session, the learners are

expected to:

Determine the factors that influenced the

development of Philippine literature,

Trace the development of Philippine

literature,

Exercise teamwork in group activities.


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Works that influenced the views on

the Philippines political and

economic history:A History of the Filipino People by

Teodoro A. Agoncilio

The Philippines: A Past RevisitedbyRenato E. Constantino


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Literary Periods

Before Spanish Colonialism

During Spanish Colonialism

Under the American Influence

The Post-War Era

The Present Time


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1. Before Spanish Colonialism

Existence of a native syllabry

Prof E. Arsenio Manuel recorded folk epicssuch as:

a. Lam-AngIlocano Christian epicb. Hudhudcame from the Ifugao of theMountain Province

c. Hinilawodpagan epic from the Sulod of

Panayd. Darangan/ Darangenepic of theMaranaos


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Lyric poems

a. ambahanshort poems ofmonoriming heptasyllabic lines; uses

metaphorical language in order to

comment on human situations that are

compared to equivalent phenomena innature; originated from the Hanunoo-

Mangyans

b. tanagacomes from the Tagalogs;similar to the ambahan


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Prose

-came in the form of myths, hero tales,legends, fables

-famous prose collections written orcompiled by Americans:

a. Traditions of the Tinguian (1915) byFay-Cooper Cole

b. Philippine Folk Tales(1916) by Coles

wife, Mabel Cook Colec. Philippine Popular Tales (1921) byDean S. Fansler


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Ritual and dance

-drama as mimetic dances-priests/priestess presided the

ceremonies

-traces of Indian Arabic, Malay andChinese influences were evident

-Examples of rituals:

a. Chalong of the Ifugaob. Pag-Huaga

c. Pagdiwatafrom the Tagbanwa


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2. During Spanish Colonialism

Religion exerted the most influence in

literature

Secular literature was transmitted orally

Gaspar Aquino de Belenfirst Filipino

literary artist whose work,Ang Pasion ni

Jesu Cristong Panginoon Natin (1704),

was published. Sinakulo plays became popular.


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Secular Literature

a. Komedyarose during the 2nd half of the

18th c.; plots based on medieval Spanishballads

-became known as moro-moro

-Jose dela Cruz (1746-1829) was theforemost exponent of the genre.

b. Awit and Koridoboth narrative poemsbased on the Spanish ballad

-Awit consists of four monorimingdodecasyllabic lines; thestrophe of thekorido is four moniriming octosyllabic lines


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-Francisco Baltazar or Balagtas promoted

the awit. Three of his masterworks are:

a. La India Elegante y el Negrito Amante

(farce)

b. Orosman at Zafira (1857-60), a

comedia

c. Pinagdaanang Buhayni Florante at

Laura sa Cahariang Albania (ed. 1838)

Prose and Realism-rise of the printing press in the 19th

century


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-Modesto de Castros book of manners,Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na si

Urbana at si Feliza (1864)-Fernando Bagongbanta and Tomas Pinpin

wrote in Spanish

-Pedro Paternos (1857-1911) collection of

poems, Sampaguitas (1880), ushers a newform of national consciousness

-His other work, Ninay(1885), was the firstFilipino novel.

-Jose P. Rizal (1861-1896) becomes theguiding spirit of the Propagandamovement.


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-wrote the novels, Noli Me Tangere

(1887) and El Filibusterismo (1889), andthe poem, Mi Ultimo Adios

-Emilio Jacintos essays collected under

the title Liwanag at Dilim and Andres

Bonifacios poems such as KatapusangHibik ng Filipinas highlighted the theme

of freedom from colonial rule.


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Under the American

Influence (1898-1946) U.S. imposed English as the medium of

instruction.

Newspapers and magazines appear in

the mainstream.

Classification of writings: (1) Romantic,

(2) Realistic


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Writers who continued to write in

Spanish:a. Fernando Ma. Guerrero (1873-1929)-

Crisalidas (1914), collection of poems

b. Cecilio Apostol (1877-1936)-

Pentelicas (1941)

c. Jesus Balmori (1886-1948)- Mi Casa

de Nipa (1938), best of Balmoris four

books of verse

Lope K. Santos Ang Panggingera

combines the Balagtas and Rizal

traditions


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Jose Corazon de Jesus (1896-1932) or

Batutewrote Mga Dahong Ginto

(Pages of Gold, 1920), Mga Tulang

Ginto ni Jose Corazon de Jesus (1958),

Buhay at Pag-Ibig, Mga Piling Tula

(1973); penned a column in BuhayManila (Life in Manila)

First decade of the 20th century saw the

rise of English writing Jose Garcia Villa (1906-1997)Many

Voices (1939)


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Alejandro G. Abadilla (1904-1969)-Ako

ang Daigdig

Amado V. Hernandez (103-1970)-

Kayumanggi

Komedya retains its stature as drama.

Zarzuela was Filipinized by the 19th

century.

Dramatists:

a. Aurelio Tolentino (1868-1915)-Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas

b. Juan Abad (1872-1932)- Tanikalang

Ginto


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c. Severino Reyes (1861-1942)wrote

sarswela and Walang Sugat; attackedthe komedya

d. Patricio Mariano (1877-1935)- Anak

ng Dagat (1922)

e. Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero (1917-1995)

Forsaken House and Frustration

Hollywood films arrive; students begin to

write one-act plays.

Serialization of novels in newspapers

begin.


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Novelists:

a. Valeriano Hernandez Pea (1858-1922)exponent of the romantic novel;

wrote Nena at Neneng (1903)

b. Iigo Ed. Regalado (1888-1976)-

May Pagsintay Walang Puso (1921)

c. Lope K. Santos- Banaag at Sikat

(1904)

d. Faustino Aguilar (1882-1955)-

Pinaglahuan (1907), Lihim ng Isang

Pulo (1926)


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e. Juan C. Laya (1911-1952)- His Native

Soil, first Filipino novel in English

Short story masters:

a. Arturo B. Rotor (1907-1988)- The

Wound and the Scar

b. Manuel E. Arguilla (1910-1944)- Howmy Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife

and Other Stories

c. Tagalog writers: Deogracias A.Rosario (1894-1936) and Jesus A. Arceo

(1915-)


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Important literary traditions:

a. Arts for arts sake-Jose Garcia Villab. Proletarian literature-Salvador Lopez

Japanese pushed for the use of Tagalog

and de-emphasized English


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Post-War Period

Lumbera classifies the period as

Contemporary Philippine Writing (1946-

1975)

Entry of new Criticism

Resurgence of nationalist movement

with students as core

Imposition of Martial Law


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3 poets who made an impact during the

period:a. Amado Hernandez

b. Jose Garcia Villa

c. Alejandro Abadilla Other writers:

a. Carlos Angeles- A Stun of Jewels

b. Teo S. Baylen Tinig ng Daratingc. Alejandro Hufana- Poro Point

Anthology


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d. Epifanio San Juan- Maliwalu, God

Kissing Carrion, The Exorcism and

Other Poemse. Rolando Tinio- Sitsit ng Kuliglig,

Dunung-Dunungan

f. Virgilio Almario- Ang Makata saPanahon ng Makina, Makinasasyon,

Peregrinasyon

g. Cirilo F. Bautista

h. Lamberto Antonio

Phil Lit Development

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