Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting...

24
Heat Transfer with Change of Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez Miravete Ernesto GutierrezMiravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting September 28, 2010

Transcript of Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting...

Page 1: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

Heat Transfer with Change ofHeat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting

Ernesto Gutierrez MiraveteErnesto Gutierrez‐Miravete

Rensselaer at Hartford

ANSYS Users Group Meeting

September 28, 2010p ,

Page 2: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

OutlineOutline

• Continuous Casting Processes• Continuous Casting Processes• Physics and Mathematics of Heat yConduction with Change of Phase and Mass Transportand Mass Transport

• Finite Element Formulations

• Illustrative Examples

Page 3: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

Continuous Casting ProcessesContinuous Casting Processes

M t l P i ft i l M lt• Metal Processing often involves Molten Metals

• Molten Metals must be Solidified to produce Bulk Solid Specimensp

• Metal Solidification for the Production of Bulk Specimens is carried out in PracticeBulk Specimens is carried out in Practice either in Batches (Ingot or Shape Casting) or Continuosly (Continuous Casting)Continuosly (Continuous Casting)

Page 4: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

Mathematical  Formulation of Heat Conduction with Change of Phase Problems

• Differential Thermal Energy Balance EquationDifferential Thermal Energy Balance Equation Inside the Bulk Phases (Energy Conservation)

• Heat Flux‐Temperature Gradient RelationshipsHeat Flux Temperature Gradient Relationships Inside the Bulk Phases (Fourier “Law”)

• Differential Thermal Energy Balance EquationDifferential Thermal Energy Balance Equation at the Interface between Phases accounting for the Latent Heat of Phase Change (Stefan Condition)

• Boundary Conditions on External Boundaries

Page 5: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

Latent Heat of Phase ChangeLatent Heat of Phase Change

Enthalpy  (H)

Hf ∂H/∂T = Cp

Tf

Temperature  (T)

Page 6: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

Critical Issues in Numerical Solution ofHeat Conduction problems with Change of Phase in CC

• Stefan Condition makes problem Non‐Linear even for Constant Properties

T(x,t)  t T(x,t) 

• Interface Motion driven by Physics, l d P i i f M h N dunrelated to Position of Mesh Nodes

t = f(t)l b• Grid Peclet Number Constraint

V L  Cp/2k < 1

Page 7: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

Finite Element  Formulation of Heat Conduction with Change of Phase Problems in CC

• Variational Statement of the ProblemVariational Statement of the Problem

• Galerkin’s Method 

i S i• Time Stepping

• Handling of the Stefan Condition– Enthalpy Method

– Effective Specific Heat Method

• Effect of Mass Transport

Page 8: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

Illustrative ExamplesIllustrative Examples

• Continuous Casting in 2D (a Useful• Continuous Casting in 2D (a Useful Toy Model)

• Direct Chill Continuous Casting Model

• Thin Slab Continuous Casting Model• Thin Slab Continuous Casting Model

Page 9: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

Continuous Casting in 2DContinuous Casting in 2D

Page 10: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

Effect of M (kg/min) and q (W/m2) on T‐z Curve along Slab Centerline

Effect of M Effect of q

1100

1200

Effect of M

1100

1200

Effect of q

800

900

1000

T (C)

900

1000

600

700

800T (C)

600

700

800T (C)

400

500

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1400

500

600

0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1z (m)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

z (m)

Page 11: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

Predicted Metallurgical Length zmd l2D Model

M (kg/min) Zm (m) Q (W/m2) Zm (m)M (kg/min) Zm (m)

24 0.52

Q (W/m ) Zm (m)

‐0.8e5 1.10

27 0.63 ‐0.9e5 0.84

30 0.72

33 0 83

‐1.0e5 0.72

1 1e5 0 6633 0.83

36 0.98

‐1.1e5 0.66

‐1.2e5 0.57

Page 12: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

Direct Chill Continuous CastingDirect Chill Continuous Casting

Page 13: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

2D DC CC Model (Slab Detail)2D DC CC Model (Slab Detail)

Page 14: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

2D DC CC Model (Mold Detail)2D DC CC Model (Mold Detail)

Page 15: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

3D DC CC Square Bar Model (Slab and Mold Temperatures)

Page 16: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

3D DC CC Model (Slab CL Detail)3D DC CC Model (Slab CL Detail)

Page 17: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

3D DC CC Model (Full Slab View from CL)

Page 18: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

3D DC CC Model (Full Slab View from Narrow Face)

Page 19: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

Thin Slab Continuous CastingThin Slab Continuous Casting

Page 20: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

Thin Slab Continuous Casting MoldThin Slab Continuous Casting Mold

Page 21: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

This Slab CC Mold Heat Flux(Measured)

Page 22: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

Thin Slab CC Mold Model (Mesh)Thin Slab CC Mold Model (Mesh)

Page 23: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

Thin Slab CC Mold Model(Predicted Temperature and Displacements)

Page 24: Phase in Continuous Casting - caeai.com · Heat Transfer with Change of Phase in Continuous Casting Ernesto Gutierrez‐Miravete Rensselaer at Hartford ANSYS Users Group Meeting

In ClosingIn Closing• Heat Conduction with Change of Phase is the Si l M d l f S lidif i SSimplest Model of a Solidifying System

• Additional Important Issues and Future Goals– Thermo‐Mechanical Effects

– Liquid Metal Flow Effects

– Solidified Microstructure Development

– Solid State Phase Changesg

– Optimal Heat Extraction Practices

– Comprehensive, Push‐Button ModelsComprehensive, Push Button Models