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PHARMACEUTICAL CREAMS

ANUPRIYA SINGH B.PHARM(Ay)-4th YEAR BANARASA HINDU UNIVERSITY1

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context-

What is cream.Anatomy of skin.Types of cream.Components of cream.Manufacturing of cream.Uses of cream.

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WHAT IS CREAM????Cream consist of medicament dissolved or suspended in water removable or emollient bases, classified as water-in-oil or oil-in-water and intended for application on the skin or accesible mucous membrane to provide localized and sometimes systemic effects at the site of application.

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ANATOMY OF SKIN

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TYPES OF CREAM.

On the basis of phase-

OIL- IN-WATER ( O/W)- As- Fluocinolone acetonide creamWATER-IN-OIL (W/O)- As- cold cream

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CLEANISING CREAMS-

Keeping the body clean is the most important and primitive need to on account of personal hygiene and beautification which leads to the need of cosmetics.USES-Cleanishing cream is required for removal of facial make up, surface grime,oil.DESIRABLE PROPERTIES OF CLEANISING CREAM-It should be shoften on application to the skin.It should spread easily without draging.

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TYPES OF CLEANISING CREAM-White ,emuslsified cold cream (Bee wax-borax type)-These are white, of high lusture,and free from graininess.These are o/w type of emulsion.The cream have firm consistency.They liquefy on application to the skin and spread with ease.

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.Liquefying cleansing creams-These are translucent liquefying anhydrous type of cleanising cream.They have a mixture of oil and waxes and have such consistency that they liquefy when gently massaged on the skin.8

VANISHING AND FOUNDATION CREAMS

Vanishing creams- Creams which spread easily and seem to disappear rapidly when rubbed are termed as vanishing cream.The basic ingredients are - 65%-75% water ,15%-20% stearic acid ,8-12% glycerol, 0.5-15% alkali (KOH),preservative and perfume.Foundation creams-Creams which provide base makeup to hold the powder or other make up above it.

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NIGHT AND MASSAGE CREAMS-

Creams which are generally applied on skin and left for few and several hours mostly overnight, known as night cream.Creams which act by providing emollient action by rubbing ,called as massage cream. 10

HAND AND BODY CREAMS-

Hand and other body parts skin may be exposed to water, water soap, detergents causes removal of lipids and others secretions from the skin.Skin dry, scaly , infections due to microbes can leads to dermatitis, so to control all these hand body creams are applied.11

.Main function of hand and body creams are-

Provide an oily film to protect the skin.Keep the skin smooth but not greasy.Easy to apply.12

ALL PURPOSE CREAMS-They act nourishing or night cream when applied excessively, they function as hand creams when applied sparingly, thus they are called All purpose cream.These were also known as sports cream, as they were used by sportsman in skiing and outdoor activities.13

THE COMPOSITION OF THESE CREAM IS SUCH THAT IT CAN ACT-As a foundation cream to provide a foundation base for make up.As a Cleanishing cream and liquefy easily.As a hand cream and should have emollient characters.As a protective cream and should form a non occlusive film.As a cream to smooth the rough surface of the skin.So, therefore called All purpose cream.14

CLASSIFICATION OF CREAM ON THE BASIS OF FUNCTION- Cleansing and cold cream.Foundation and vanishing cream.Night and massage cream.Head and body cream.All purpose and general cream.15

FORMULATIONS COMPONANTS-ANTIOXIDANT- ex.-TBHT, Ascorbic acid.BASE- ex. White petrolium, Lanolin, cholesterol.BUFFER- ex. Citrate buffer ,phosphate buffer.CHELATING AGENTS- ex. EDTA , Citric acid.EMULSIFYING AGENT- ex. Detergent ,Cetostearyl alchohol.HUMECTANT- ex. Glycerin,propylene glycol, PEG.

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.PERMEATION ENHANCER- ex. Ethanol , oleic acid, PEGPRESERVATIVE ex. Benzoic acid,phenyl ethyl alchol.THICKENING AGENT- ex. Cellolose, pectin ,carbopol.FRAGRANCES- ex. Lavender oil,rose oil, lemon oil.17

CLASSIFICATION OF BASE-Hydrocarbon base.Absorption base.Emulsion base.Water soluble base.Water removable base.18

MANUFACTURING PROCESS-

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TRITURATION METHOD-

TRITURATION METHOD :Used for finely divided insoluble powder particles or liquids.Insoluble powders are added by geometric dilution.Liquids are added by making well in centre. Air pocket formation avoided.Mortar and pestle used when we have large quantities.Involved use of glass slab when small quantities are used.20

LEVIGATION- Incorporation of insoluble coarse particles.Insoluble coarse powder is rubbed with molten base or liquid or semisolid base.Also knows as Wet grinding.21

FUSION METHOD-The fusion method is followed when the drugs and other solid are soluble in the ointment bases.The base is liquefied and the soluble components are dissolved in the molten base.The congeal mixture is then speculated or triturated to obtain a smooth texture.Care is taken to avoid thermal degradation of the base or other components during the fusion process.

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MECHANICAL ADDITION-Water- removable creams are basically hydrophilic type emulsions.A hydrophilic emulsifying agent is included in the aqueous phase in order to obtain stable oil-in-water dispersion.Sodium lauryl sulfate is used in the preparation of hydrophilic ointment.23

MACHINES-A wide range of machines are available are for the large scale production of creams.Creams are produced with the help of low-shear and high emulsifiers.24

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Ayurvedic fairness cream- FAIRNESS CREAM-

KEY INGREDIENTS Persian rose.Walnut.Aloe vera.Mandarin orange.

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USES OF CREAMS:

Cleanising creams is a facial care product that is use to remove dead skin cells ,oil , dirt, and other types of pollutants from the skin of the face.Vanishing creams are used in hot climates which cause perspiration on the face.27

.The provision of a barrier to protect the skin.To aid in the retention of moisture (especially water in oil ).Creams can be used for administering drugs via the vaginal route (e.g. Triple sulfa vaginal creams ).Creams are used to help sun burn.Emollient effects.

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NOVEL ADVANCES AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTCREAMS CONTAINING MICROSPHERES:Albumin microsphere containing vitamin A can be administered by using creams 222 +_25 micrometer size of microsphere of vitamin A were produced by emulsion method.29

.LAMELLAR FACED CREAMS:They are liquid parafin in water emulsion prepared from certified/fatty alcohol.CREAMS CONTAINING LIPID NANOPARTICLES:The develpoment of a water-in oil cream containing small particles of solid paraffin was studied.30

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