Dr. Jean WatsonDr. Jean WatsonThe Power of Caring: The Power of Caring: The Power to Make a DifferenceThe Power to Make a Difference

EducationEducation* Dr. Watson was born and raised in a small town in the Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia in the 1940’s

1958-61 R.N. Diploma in NursingLewis-Gale School of Nursing

1962-64 B.S. in NursingUniversity of Colorado

1964-66 M.S. in Psychiatric Mental-Health Nursing; Minor PsychologyUniversity of Colorado

1969-70 Graduate Work: Social and Clinical PsychologyUniversity of Colorado,

1969-73 Ph.D. in Educational Psychology and Counseling

University of Colorado

Dr. Jean WatsonDr. Jean Watsonat a glance…at a glance…

AccomplishmentsAccomplishmentsRecipient of several awards and honours including: • International Kellogg Fellowship in Australia• Fulbright Research Award in Sweden• Six Honorary Doctoral Degrees

Including 3 International Honorary Doctorates (Sweden, UK, Canada)

• 1993 National League for Nursing Martha E. Rogers AwardRecognizes a nurse scholar who has made significant

contributions to nursing knowledge that advances the science of caring in nursing and health sciences

• Distinguished Nurse Scholar, recognized by New York University • Norman Cousins Award in 1999,

Recognition for her commitment to developing; maintaining and exemplifying relationship-centered care practices

• Founder of the Centre for Human Caring in Colorado • Is a Fellow at the American Academy of Nursing

Dr. Jean WatsonDr. Jean Watsonat a glance…at a glance…

InfluencesInfluencesDr. Jean WatsonDr. Jean Watsonat a glance…at a glance…

• Eastern Philosophy: focuses on a holistic approach, looking at the body as a whole unit, not a sum of parts

“is based on a metaphysical, spiritual-existential and phenomenological orientation.”

- Fawcett, 1993

This links to earlier nursing theorists, including: Nightingale, Leininger, Paterson & Zderad

Psychology theorists who influenced her theory of caring:Hans Selye, Richard Lazarus and Carl Rogers

““The goal of nursing is to help a person The goal of nursing is to help a person gain a higher degree of harmony gain a higher degree of harmony with the mind, body and soul.” with the mind, body and soul.” - Jean Watson, Nursing as Human Science and Human Care- Jean Watson, Nursing as Human Science and Human Care

Dr. Jean Watson’s theory of caring …Dr. Jean Watson’s theory of caring …

Watson’s ConcernWatson’s ConcernDr. Jean Watson’s Dr. Jean Watson’s theorytheory

• To make known: • Inner healing process• Experiencing the person

Three major elements of her theory:• Ten Carative Factors• The Caring Occasion / The Caring Moment• Transpersonal Caring

Assumptions about Assumptions about CaringCaring

Dr. Jean Watson’s Dr. Jean Watson’s theorytheory

• Effective caring promotes health promotes health and individual and family growth

• Caring responses accept a person as is and looks beyond to what that person may becomewhat that person may become

• A caring environment offers the development of potential• Caring is as equally important as curing• The practice of caring is central to nursingThe practice of caring is central to nursing

The 10 The 10 Carative Carative FactorsFactors

Carative FactorsCarative FactorsDr. Jean Watson’s Dr. Jean Watson’s theorytheory

• Caritas comes from the Latin word meaning to cherish, to appreciate, to give special attention.

• Invites nurse to explore the intersection between personal and professional

The Ten Carative Factors:1. Humanistic-altruistic system of values2. Faith-hope3. Sensitivity to self and to others4. Helping-trusting, human care relationships5. Expressing positive and negative feelings 6. Creative problem solving caring processes7. Transpersonal teaching-learning8. Supportive, protective and or corrective mental,

physical, societal and spiritual environment9. Human needs assistance10.Existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces

NURSING PARADIGM

PERSONWatson views the human as a valued person in and of himself or herself … in general, philosophical view of a person as a fully functional integrated self … greater than, and different from, the sum of his or her parts’.

HEALTHHealth refers to unity and harmony within the mind, body and soul.Health is also associated with the degree of congruence between the self as perceived and the self as experienced.Watson noted that illness can result from a troubled inner soul, and illness can lead to disease, but the two concepts do not fall on a continuum and can exist apart from one another

ENVIRONMENTWatson made use of her 8th carative factor to define environment. ‘Attending to supportive, protective and/or corrective mental, physical, societal and spiritual environments’.In recent discussions, environment is considered in the context of a human-environment field. This field forms an ‘unbroken wholeness and connectedness of all (subject-object-person-environment-nature-universe-all living things)’.

NURSINGNursing defined as a verb is carried out through human care and caring which Watson views as the moral ideal of nursing and consists of transpersonal human-to-human attempts to protect, enhance, and preserve humanity by helping a person find meaning in illness, suffering, pain and existence; to help another gain self-knowledge, control and self-healing wherein a sense of inner harmony is restored regardless of the external circumstances.

“Everytime you smile at someone, it is an action of love, a gift to that person, a beautiful thing”.

““Maybe this one moment, with this Maybe this one moment, with this one person, is the very reason one person, is the very reason

we’re here on Earth at this time.”we’re here on Earth at this time.”

- Jean Watson, The Caring Moment - Jean Watson, The Caring Moment