PersonalityPersonality

DevelopmentDevelopment

I. Approaches to studying personality.

a) Psychoanalytic – (Freud) Focuses on the child and subconscious motivations.

b) Trait – Personality is genetic.

c) Social-Learning – Revolves around reinforcement.1) Positive actions are rewarded making them more likely to be

repeated.

2) Negative actions are punished making them less likely to be repeated.

d) Humanistic – Based on the belief that each person is born essentially good and has the potential to become a fully empowered person

II. Factors that contribute to personality.

a) Heredity – genetic make-up.

b) Environment – home life; experiences.

III. Socialization

The process of teaching behavior based on the habits of the family and community.

IV. Socialization process.

a) Conditioning – Shaping of behavior through use of punishments and rewards.

b) Modeling – Process of learning by watching and imitating another person.

c) Expanding Horizons – Experiences outside the home that influence personality and

intelligence.

V. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

• A lower, more basic level must be met before moving to the next level.

VI. Pre-Adolescent Development

a) Infancy1) Meeting basic needs and love leads to trust.

2) Exploration of environment.3) Encouragement leads to sense of well-being and eagerness to learn.

b) Childhood1) Independence develops.

2) Sense of achievement develops by successfully carrying out new activities.

3) Gender Identification – Boys and girls are different.

VII. Adolescent Development

Identity – Who you are and who you wish to become.

Values – Rules and standards you feel are important to live by.

Mission – Where am I going? Experience different paths to find

what’s right for you.