Personal data and blockchain: Opportunities and Challenges - Michele Nati - Lead Technologist...
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Transcript of Personal data and blockchain: Opportunities and Challenges - Michele Nati - Lead Technologist...
Personal data and blockchain: Opportunities and Challenges MyData 2016 Conference Day 1, August 31st, Helsinki Session: Blockchain and Personal Data
Michele Nati Lead Technologist Personal Data and Trust Digital Catapult, London @michelenati
Personal Data: Opportunities
• Overall financial benefit
• £15bn untapped wealth for UK consumers
• The incentive to share • 30% of consumers believe “to improve
services and benefit” is the most important incen5ve for sharing personal data
• How to incentivize • 43% said the main incen=ve for sharing
personal data is if it was going to be used to improve society
Personal Data and Trust Review: h<ps://www.digitalcatapultcentre.org.uk/pdtreview/
Personal Data: Barriers
• Trust • 44% of consumers trust the public sector
most with their personal data • 2% choose telecoms as the most trusted
sector • 30% feel the retail sector is not clear on
how use their personal data
• Consent • 65% of consumers are insure if data is
shared without their consent
• Loosing control • 76% of consumers feel they have no
control over how their data is shared or who with
Personal Data and Trust Review: h<ps://www.digitalcatapultcentre.org.uk/pdtreview/
Personal Data Ecosystem
• How data can be linked together?
• How access can be granted and controlled?
• How all involved parties can trust each others?
• How the right incentives can be created?
Blockchain in 2015
h<p://www.gartner.com/technology/research/methodologies/hype-‐cycle.jsp
Blockchain in 2016
h<p://www.gartner.com/technology/research/methodologies/hype-‐cycle.jsp
Blockchain Ecosystem
• Blockchain: business case vs trust case • Bitcoin: (and alt-coins) interoperable
incentives within the ecosystem • Smart Contracts: consent management • Decentralized and Autonomous
Organizations (DAOs): data sharing for social benefits and causes
Do you need blockchain?
1. Consensus – is the use case benefiting from agreement across all the parties that each transaction is validated without 3rd party?
2. Provenance – is the maintenance of a complete audit trail important for the use case?
3. Immutability – is it important that the trail of transactions cannot be altered?
4. Liquid trust – is there a need for an agreed “system of record” trusted by the all network?
Blockchain and identity
• Role in the Personal Data ecosystem • Link all the data to one individual • Be<er and personalized services – combining different a<ributes
• Identities should be • Sovereign • Unique and interoperable • Verified • Mul5ple and context-‐based (mul5ple personas)
• Blockchain role • (Decentralized) User-‐managed • Consensus – new forms of iden5ty (for unbanked) • Notary func5on -‐ Integrity • Audit trail – non-‐repudiable • Confiden5ality? (requires some thoughts)
(Attributes) Verification might still require 3rd party
BC and PD ecosystem: An example
Blockchain and Personal Data: An example Benefits distribution and tracking • Assign coins with clause on how they are
spent (alt-coin) • Require to verify identities Possible Risks (to address): • (might) Leak privacy on people identity (e.g.
zero-knowledge proof required) • Pseudonyms could be de-anonymized • Deal with malicious behavior (in ethical way;
this might require third party authorities) h<p://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-‐36785872
Blockchain evolution
h<ps://www.digitale-‐exzellenz.de/die-‐blockchain-‐evolu5on/
2009 BitCoin blockchain implementa5on -‐ Criminal ac5vity -‐ 2016: AML EU regula5on h<p://ec.europa.eu/jus5ce/criminal/document/files/aml-‐direc5ve_en.pdf
Blockchain evolution
h<ps://www.digitale-‐exzellenz.de/die-‐blockchain-‐evolu5on/
2013 Ethereum Smart Contracts presented -‐ Security and scalability concerns -‐ July 2015 launch aber crowdsale campaign
Blockchain evolution
h<ps://www.digitale-‐exzellenz.de/die-‐blockchain-‐evolu5on/
2016 May daohub.org launch -‐ DAO hacked -‐ June 2016 hard fork
Blockchain evolution
h<ps://www.digitale-‐exzellenz.de/die-‐blockchain-‐evolu5on/
? ML/AI will run organiza5ons -‐ What kind of control we need? -‐ How we guarantee ethical decision?
Blockchain evolution
h<ps://www.digitale-‐exzellenz.de/die-‐blockchain-‐evolu5on/
Blockchain evolution
h<ps://www.digitale-‐exzellenz.de/die-‐blockchain-‐evolu5on/
Governance in decentralized systems • Everybody can use blockchain, run smart
contracts, participate to DAOs • But who takes decisions? • Currently developers and miners • SW licenses generally disclaim all liabili5es
• Who should be accountable for malicious behavior?
• Not yet well-‐defined • Shall core developers and miners be considered as fiduciaries? (duty of care,
loyalty and good faith)
• What governance structure will be required?
THANK YOU!
#DigiCatapult
0300 1233 101
Digital Catapult
digicatapult.org.uk
/DigitalCatapult
@DigitalCatapult