Peri Urban Land Managment In Cambodia

Urban and Peri-urban Land Management and Planning

Examples from Cambodia Nguon Rattanak & Jan-Peter Mund

LMAP – Provincial Director of Battambang Province (MLMUPC)Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Faculty of Land Management and Land Administration (CIM)

Supported and sponsored by :

6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 2

Content

Background to Land Management in Cambodia

National Strategies in Land Management

Regional Examples from Cambodia♦ Study Case Kampong Speu - Urban Master Plan and

Urban Green Space Planning

♦ Battambang Study Case – Urban - Regional Master Plan and amateur Remote sensing approach

Results, Conclusion and Outlook


Urban and urbanization area generally is defined as already urbanized or under urbanization within ten years.Annual growth of urban population by 8.4% (ADB) Result of permanent large-scale migration from rural areas to Phnom Penh as well as some secondary towns since 1991.According to the 2004 inter-censual population survey, the urban population in Cambodia is about 1.9 million or 17% of the total population58% live in the capital, and dominant city, Phnom Penh (Ref. NIS 2004).

Urbanization in Cambodia


Current Cambodian law does not define the building types or particular land use types with precise land use classification yet. General regulations or urban land use authorization exists only for some individual types of buildings like elevated buildings. There are still many other official and informal regulations to control urban land use in Cambodia.Historically, planning in Cambodia was - and often still is - carried out by technical staff at national level.‘General Master Plans’ are subsequently handed down to the local level for further implementation.

Introduction to Land Management in Cambodia


National Strategies in Land Management

The Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction (MLMUPC) is responsible for urban and regional planning.Rapid changes and local issues require adequate planning approaches.Due to the lack of an efficient urban master plan process, zoning concepts are not well known yet and conceptions for particular development axis are still very poor.Decentralized provincial and district staff in collaboration with advisors build capacity in land use management and urban planning as well as regional development issues.


Uncertain legal framework and responsibilities in spatial planning, urban planning and land managementIndistinct state land and private state land propertyUncontrolled land grabbing and land conflicts in peri-urban areasSteadily rising Rural-urban migrationRapid urban population growth in Phnom Penh and in a few provincial citiesUncontrolled settlement development and construction activities without adequate infrastructure Large scale development activities along road corridors and national borders which are hardly balancedExceeded unsustainable use of natural resources and infrastructure

Cambodian Challenges in Land Management


Regional Examples from CambodiaSiem ReapUrban Masterplan MLMUPC, JICA,ded, KAS

BattambangUrban MasterplanRegional Plan MLMUPC, AsiaUrbs, UNHabitat ded, KAS

Koh KongLand Use PlanIndustrial Estate PlanningMLMUPC, ded,CIM

Kampot Urban Masterplan

MLMUPC, gtz

Kampong SpeuLand Use Plan MLMUPC, ded

Sen Monorom Urban MasterPlan Project MLMUPC, ded

Phnom PenhLMAP Programm, Establishment of an new Faculty on Land Management and Land Administration at the Royal University of Agriculture MLMUPC, CIM, gtz, World Bank


Different Planning Scales

Urban Land Use Plan (Commune)

102104105106

Regional Plan (Province)

103

Rural Land Use Plan (District)

101

PLUP (Village)

Construction Plan (Project)

Planning and Drawing scales used in the Collaboration Projects: 1:200.000-1:2.000


Kampong Speu - Urban Planning process

Due to the lack of efficient urban master plan processes in Cambodia, zoning concepts are not well known yet and conceptions for particular development topics are still very poor.Copyright GDLMUP 2004)

Copyright GDLMUP 2004)


Kampong Speu – Urban Green Space Planning

Copyright GDLMUP 2004)


Battambang – Urban Master Plan Challenges

Informal constructionsInformal constructionsImproper used architectural ensemblesImproper used architectural ensembles

Informal settlementsInformal settlementsProtection of Architectural HeritageProtection of Architectural Heritage


Battambang - Typical Urban Master Plan SourcesHand drawn overview mapsHand drawn overview maps

Urban zoning conceptUrban zoning concept

American War Aerial PhotosAmerican War Aerial Photos


Battambang –Amateur Aerial Balloon Orthophotos

1: 5.000

1: 1.000

Aerial Amateur Picturesof the Urban Area

Rectified, corrected enhencedand mergedaerial amateur pictures from October 2004 offers a recent planning resource for the Urban Master Plan.


Image methods


Image methods

Remote sensing methods used:♦ Atmosphere correction♦ Image enhancement ♦ Time series analyses ♦ Cloud mask cover reduction♦ Image addition and merging ♦ Geo-correction with GPS

and SPOT Orthophoto 2001

♦ Orthophoto 2004


Battambang - Mapping of informal Settlements


Koh Kong - Regional Overview

Tenure and Property Issues Tenure and Property Issues ChamCham Village DevelopmentVillage Development

Mangrove ProtectionMangrove Protection Industrial Estate DevelopmentIndustrial Estate Development


Koh Kong – Maps and Planning Sources


Results- Koh Kong Participatory Workshop

1. Maintain and sustain the potential of the river banks for tourism activities

2. Infrastructure Improvements in the Cham Fishing community

3. Protection of Mangroves

4. Village Development

5. Development of Industrial Estate Zones


ConclusionUrban development and planning in Cambodia requires transparent improved planning strategies

Up to date and adapted spatial data technologies.

Access to information and spatial data.

Decentralized governance and a strong integration of the civil society to improve the planning process.

Enhancement of the capacity of planning and implementing staff in several ministries.

Strong international and inter Asian collaboration.


Outlook and further activities

Continuous training of trainers and staff

Strong international cooperation with bilateral and international partners

Inter Asian collaboration to learn from examples, experiences and strategies of other Asian countries!

International Asian workshops to exchange and discuss typical Asian planning concepts

Improvement and appropriate amendments to the law and to local regulation

Thank you very much for your kind attention

Contacts for further collaborationDr. Jan-Peter Mund & Ralf Symann

Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, CambodiaFaculty of Land Management and Land Administration

Supported and sponsored by :

Peri Urban Land Managment In Cambodia

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