Pennsylvania Education Policy Fellowship Program 2006-2007
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Transcript of Pennsylvania Education Policy Fellowship Program 2006-2007
Pennsylvania Education Policy Fellowship Program
2006-2007
FUNDING PUBLIC EDUCATIONWHAT’S FAIR AND
EQUITABLE?
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What Changes are Necessary to Make Pennsylvania’s System of Funding Public
Education More Fair and Effective?Prepared By:
Dallas HackJacquelyn KellyThomas LubbenJoan SchanckAlan VandrewCoy VickersJay Weaver
Teresa Weaver
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“THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY SHALL PROVIDE FOR THE MAINTENANCE AND
SUPPORT OF A THOROUGH AND EFFICIENT SYSTEM OF PUBLIC
EDUCATION TO SERVE THE NEEDS OF THE COMMONWEALTH.”
-Article III, Section 14 of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
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Timeline of Funding Public Education in PA
• 1831 - The Common School Fund Established• 1834 - Free School Act• 1895 - State’s First Compulsory Attendance Law• 1897 - State Funding System Incorporates # of Students• 1903 – State’s First Minimum Teacher Salary Enacted• 1923 – First Effort at Equalizing State Aid• 1930 to 1950 – State Share of Costs from 19% to 40%• 1957 – Formula Includes Actual Instructional Expense (AIE)
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Timeline of Funding Public Education in PA
• Mid 1960’s to 1983 – State Aid would equal 50% of the median AIE per student (55% achieved in 1974/75)
• 1983 – Equalized Subsidy for Basic Education (ESBE) enacted – 50% funding repealed
• 1992 – ESBE Abandoned • Current – No Funding Formula
– 07/08 School Districts receive an amount = to the 06/07 Basic Instructional Subsidy plus they could qualify for one or all of seven additional supplements:
• Poverty, Foundation, Tax Burden, Growth, Small District Assistance, Limited English Proficiency, or Inflation Index Supplement
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National Funding of Education for Fiscal Year 2005
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% of State Share of Revenue for an Representative District from 1992 to 2006
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What’s Fair and Equitable?
Recommendation from Finance Group:
Weighted Student Funding (WSF)a.k.a. Standards-Based Funding Formula
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Overview of the Standards-Based Funding Formula
• Combines these two formulas:
– PA ESBE (Equalized Subsidy for Basic Education)
– MD formula implemented in “The Bridge to Excellence in Public Schools Act of 2002”
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ESBE = Equalized Subsidy for Basic Education
The ESBE formula distributed funds to school districts based on the following:
Per Pupil $ Amount X Number of Students X
Districts Aid Ratio (Calculated Annually)
Students were weighted for the calculation:Kindergarten = 0.5Elementary =1.0Secondary = 1.36
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The Bridge to Excellence in Public Schools Act
• Law enacted in Maryland in 2002 as a result of the “Thornton” Commission Report which included a “costing out” study.
• Commission established to study MD’s school finance system because of low test scores and variation in educational quality.
• Determined per pupil foundation to achieve student success ($6,612 in 2002).
• Determined pupil weighting factors.
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Standards-Based Funding Formula
Standards-Based Funding Formula =(A) Foundation Amount X (B) Weighted
Pupils X (C) Aid Ratio
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Components in Funding Formula for 2007/08:
(A) Standards-Based Foundation Amount per Pupil = $ 7,785 (MD per pupil foundation amount adjusted for Act 1 “index” to 2007/08)
(B) Weighted Pupils:• Kindergarten = 0.5 or 1.0 (half or full day)• Special Education = 1.17• Limited English Proficiency = 1.0• Economically Disadvantaged = 1.1• Students not enrolled in public School = 0.5 (Home, Charter,
Cyber Students)(C) Market Value/Personal Income Aid Ratio (Currently calculated
annually – to determine the “wealth” of a district)
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Education Funding
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Obstacles to Achieving Standards-Based Funding
• Push Back from Wealthy Districts• State Courts and Legislative Action• General Public’s Perception of Spending on
Education• State Control vs. Local Control• Political Support for Tax Cuts not Increases• Accountability of All Involved
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Accountability of State & Local Officials
• Substantially Increase the State’s Role• Make State Dollars Follow the Child According
to Need• Ensure That Districts Allocate State and Federal
Funds According to WSF• Encourage Districts to Allocate Local Funding
According to the Principles of WSF• Include All Public School Options Fully Within
the WSF Approach• Shower the Public with Data
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The Goal of Public Education• A population able to compete in the 21st century era of globalization
• Achievable by effective education with adequate funding that must also be equitable
• Our nation requires it
• Our children deserve it