Peluso practice and assessment
Transcript of Peluso practice and assessment
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This tutorial will teach you the characteristics of the parts of the cell. Before we learn
about the functions of the cell, let’s learn about the history of the cell. In 1665, the
English scientist, Robert Hooke, first noted the existence of cells. This discovery was
founded when Hooke placed a thin slice of cork though his microscope. When looking
through a microscope he noticed there were many small boxes, which reminded him of
cells in a monastery. From here, the genesis of the naming the ‘cell’ was born.
The Cell Theory consists of three basic points: all living things are made of cells, the cell
is the smallest living thing that can perform all the functions of life, and all cells must
come from preexisting cells. (Source) Understanding cells are the key to learning about
life itself, because cells are the most basic unit of life.
There are two types of cells: animal and plant. There are many operational and physical differences between the plant and animal cells. Moreover, they are both living things, so there are basic functions are the same. Throughout this tutorial, you will be learning about the characteristics of the cell. Pay close attention because there will be a quiz to follow at the end of the tutorial.
To help you make real world connections to a cell, this tutorial is going to compare it to a factory. Imagine a factory designing the latest piece of technology, a new tablet, iPhone 10, or the iPad 8. It does not matter what the factory makes, because the majority of them are set up the same way. Every factory must have walls, production lines, an executive department for the CEO, and a finishing department to prepare the product for shipping and packing. Along with the factory sending out their products, they are also receiving materials.
The Plasma Membrane is the “shipping and receiving” department of the cell. It
regulates what enters and leaves the cell. In a factory, this would include the
incoming or outgoing mail and packages. These packages handlers would have to
make contact with the external environment. The receptionist workers would allow
communication between all of the departments. The receptionist is also the face of
the factory because they are the first person an individual notices when they enter
the building. Located all around the cell, or factory would be the security workers
checking IDs, and determining who is admitted into the factory and who is not allowed
into the factory. In a cell all of these jobs are performed by the Plasma Membrane.
The Nucleus would be the Chief Executive Officer or CEO of the factory. The nucleus
controls every aspect of the factory, and there are many responsibilities. The CEO would
have to keep track of all the blueprints, tell the workers which products to build, and when
to build them.
The nucleus controls all cell activity along with determining what proteins will be made.
The blueprints in the factory have been around ever since the factory was created. Many
of the blueprints will be out of date and it is the CEO’s job to find the precise plans,
replicate them, and make sure they are sent out to the assembly line at the proper time.
The Cytoplasm is where all of the vigorous physical work takes place,
because it happens on the cell’s factory floor. The work of the cytoplasm falls
underneath many categories, such as production, maintenance, and energy
transformation. There are many members of this production team. Continue
the tutorial to meet all of the other factory jobs. Cytoplasm refers to
everything among the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane.
Let’s practice a few of the definitions we learned:
What cell organelle acts as the shipping/receiving department?
Other characteristics of it include regulating what enters and leaves
the cell and where the cell makes contact with the external
environment
A. Plasma membrane
B. Nucleus
C. Cytoplasm
The Endoplasmic Reticulum or ER are workers who are greatly
experienced tradespeople, and they receive a higher salary than
their co-workers. These workers are able to depict the blueprints
the CEO has given to them, so they do not create the designs.
The ER expands from the nuclear membrane to the plasma
membrane. It functions as an alleyway through the cytoplasm, as a
support structure for the addition of other organelles, and as a
workplace for the ribosomes.
The Ribosomes are the factory workers who build the proteins,
and they are manufactured by the nucleolus. The ribosomes are the
workers in the assembly line. The ribosomes are attached to the
rough ER. Continue the tutorial to find out how the final handling
takes place.
The Golgi Apparatus is the department where all the finishing
touches are made to the products built on the assembly line. These
workers must be very meticulous when inspecting the products for
flaws. They may make minor adjustments or clean any additional
material. This would be the finishing and packaging department.
Lysosomes are an essential cell organelle produced by the Golgi
apparatus, which contains powerful digesting enzymes. In a factory,
their job would be the maintenance crew. Lysosomes are
responsible for breaking down and absorbing materials taken in by
the cell. Just as a maintenance worker would take apart old
machinery and replace it. If someone is able to sneak past security,
the lysosomes are able to catch them, and kick them out! They do
not have the most glamorous role, but they serve a vital role.
The Cytoskeleton maintains the cell shapes, just as supporting
beams, walls, ceilings, and floors would do. Numerous protein
fibers act as support structures.
Quiz Time!
What organelle prepares proteins for use or export?
A. Lysosomes
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Cytoskeleton
Power is a necessity for all factories to maneuver. Most factories have
power plants in which generators burn fuel to produce heat. The heat
is used to make steam, which is then used to make electricity.
Building proteins are the main function of cells, but in order for this to
operate; a cell must have an energy source in a form which the cell
can use. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts are responsible for
transforming one form of energy into another. This would be the
power plant of the factory.
Now it is time for your quiz. Please refer to the following link: Quiz