Pdhpe Sports Medicine Hsc Notes

8/9/2019 Pdhpe Sports Medicine Hsc Notes

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pdhpe-sports-medicine-hsc-notes 1/18

PDHPE SPORTS MEDICINE HSCNOTES

How are sports injuries classifed and managed?

Ways to classiy sports injuries

Direct and Indirect

Direct

• Caused by forces generated from outside the body

• Fractures dis!ocations s"rains bruises

• E#am"!e $ Shou!der dis!ocation caused by a tac%!e in rugby

Indirect

• Caused by intrinsic forces &force 'ithin the body(

• Resu!t of inade)uate 'arm u" ba!!istic mo*ements e#cessi*emo*ements fau!t in e#ecution

• Resu!t in s"rains &!igaments( strains &musc!es and tendons(damage to body structure &tearing musc!es(

• E#am"!e $ s"rinter tearing a hamstring during a race

Soft and Hard tissue

Soft tissue• In+ury to tissue other than bones and teeth can be caused by

e#terna! or interna! forces

• ,cute $ occur sudden!y &s"rains strains dis!ocationsub!u#ation torn carti!age contusions and abrasions(

• Chronic - "ro!onged

• E#am"!es $ s"raining an%!e during soccer due to "oor surfacebruising due to direct force of hoc%ey stic%

Hard tissue

• Cause damage to bones and teeth• .ruising of the bone or "eriostitis &b!eeding bet'een outer

!ining of bone and under!ying com"act bone im"act to theshin( dis!ocation fractures

• S"eci/c e#am"!e $ dis!ocated shou!der due to direct im"act of

another in footba!! fracture due to !anding hea*i!y on hand innetba!!

Overuse

O*er use

• Caused by o*eruse of s"eci/c body regions o*er !ong "eriodsof time



• Resu!t from re"etiti*e !o' im"act e#ercises such as +ogging

• Cause "ain and in0ammation

Ty"ica! o*eruse in+uries $ anterior shin s"!ints and tendonitis&irritation of tendons such as the ,chi!!es tendon in the hee!(

• O*eruse can contribute to stress fractures

• Stress fractures 1 sma!! incom"!ete bone fractures caused byre"eated "ounding usua!!y on hard surfaces

• S'e!!ing and tenderness may indicate a stress fracture

• Stress fractures shou!d initia!!y be treated using RICER but"ro!onged rest is needed for fu!! reco*ery

Sot tissue Injuries

Tears, Sprains, Contusions

Tears

• Occur 'hen tissue is stretched or se*ered

• T'o ty"es $ strains s"rains

S"rains

• ,rise from the stretching or tearing of a !igament

• 2hen !igaments are stretched or torn resu!ts in "ain

s'e!!ing inabi!ity to "erform norma! +oint mo*ements• Hea!ing is s!o' !igaments ha*e "oor b!ood su""!y

• C!assi/ed according to se*erity

Strains

• Occur 'hen a musc!e or tendon is stretched or torn

• Pain b!eeding disco!ouration

• Im"act 'ith "!ayer or ob+ect may can cause a contusion&bruise(



Skin abrasions, lacerations, blisters

• ,brasion - cause "ain and sha!!o' b!eeding

• S%inned area $ may ha*e dirt or other materia! $ treatmentin*o!*es c!eaning steri!i3ation of the 'ound $ "re*ent infection

• 4aceration $ &dee"er than abrasions( 'ound 'here the 0eshhas incurred an irregu!ar tear

• Dee"er than 5cm $ referred to a doctor

• Treatment $ "ressure and c!eaning

• .!isters $ caused by a co!!ection of 0uid be!o' or 'ithin thee"iderma! !ayer of the s%in

• Contain c!ear 0uid or b!ood

• Occur 'heno Ne' e)ui"ment is been used or 'orno E)ui"ment is used for a !ong time e6g6 rac%ets batso The acti*ity re)uires sudden changes of direction

causing fricition in shoe

• Management $ rest6 F!uid may ha*e to be surgica!!y re!eased6

If b!ister is torn $ c!ean 'ith antise"tic and a""!ication of7second s%in8 dressing

Inammatory response

• 2hen soft tissue is in+ured it becomes in0amed se!f-hea!ing"rocess &7in0ammatory res"onse8(

• 4asts u" to 9-: days

Phase 5 &in0ammatory stage(

•

Pain redness s'e!!ing• 4oss of mobi!ity

• Damage to ce!!s and tissue

• Increased b!ood 0o'

• 4ea%age of 0uid causing s'e!!ing &oedema(

• Formation of b!ood *esse!s

Phase ;&re"air and regenerati*e stage(

• 4asts from 9 days to < 'ee%s

• E!imination of debris

• Formation of ne' /bres• Production of scar tissue



Phase 9 &remode!ing stage(

• 4asts from < 'ee%s to months

• Increased "roduction of scar tissue

• Re"!acement tissue needs to strengthen and de*e!o"

Immediate treatment of Soft tissue aims to=

• Reduce s'e!!ing

• Pre*ent further damage

• Ease "ain

4ong term it aims to=

• Restore 0e#ibi!ity

• Regain fu!! function

• Pre*ent recurrence

• Return the "!ayer to the /e!d ,S,P

Managing soft tissue in+ury &RICER(

Rest IceCompressionElevationReferral

Hard tissue injuries

ractures !

T'o broad c!assi/cations $ sim"!e &c!osed( and com"ound &o"en $"rotrudes through the s%in(

Other c!assi/cations inc!ude=

• >reenstic% $ sim"!e not fu!!y bro%en

•

Ob!i)ue - not com"ound bone brea%s and s!ides• Comminuted $ brea%s in more than one "!ace

• De"ressed $ conca*e on the s%i!!

Signs and sym"toms of fractures $

• Intense "ain

• Sound of bone crac%ing

• S'e!!ing bruising disco!ouration

• 4oss of function

Management• DR,.CD



• Contro! of b!eeding

• Treating shoc%

• ?se of s"!int of bandage to immobo!ise the area

• Medica! assistance

Dislocations !

• Is the dis"!acement of a bone at a +oint

• Cause "ain and are a""arent because of deformity

• Not a hard tissue in+ury $ on!y damage to the !igaments 'hichare dtretched or ru"tured

• More damage can occur if "!acement is incorrect

Signs and sym"toms

• Deformity and s'e!!ing

• Pain and tenderness

• 4oss of function

Treatment

• Do not re!ocate dis"!aced bone $ may increase damage

• See% medica! attention

Sub!u#ation $ the bone may momentari!y 7"o" out8 and )uic%!yreturn to "!ace

• @oint becomes *u!nerab!e and re)uire rehabi!itation or surgery

Assessment o injuries

TOT"#S $Talk, observe, touc%, active movement, passive movement,skills test&

• ?sed to assess the state and nature of in+ury determine ifthey can return to the game

• If the "!ayer can com"!ete a!! tas%s 1 return to "!ay

T,4A $ 'hat ha""ened "ro*ides information about the nature ofthe in+ury

O.SERBE $ ,ny signs of se!!ing or deformity6 Com"are both sides ofbody

TO?CH $ Touch gent!y fee! for any signs of deformity

,CTIBE MOBEMENT $ &"!ayer mo*ing area themse!*es( $ "erforms arange of +oint mo*ements e6g6 0e#ion e#tension rotation



P,SSIBE MOBEMENTS $ &the assessor mobi!ises the +oint(

SAI44S TEST $ The "!ayer "erforms a s%i!! that is re)uired during thegame e6g6 a sideste" for rugby !eague

How does sports medicine address the demands o specifcathletes?

Children and young athletes

'edical conditions $ast%ma, diabetes, epilepsy&

,sthma $

• Reduces the 'idth of the air'ays !eading to the !ungs

•

More than ; mi!!ion ,ustra!ians suer from asthma• E#ercise induced asthma &EI,( The air'ays are di!ated

during "hysica! acti*ity and constrict immediate!y aftere#ercise ceases

• Some acti*ities "ro*o%e asthma more than others e6g6 greaterris% of an asthma attac% occurring 'hi!e running thans'imming

Management

• ,cti*ity shou!d be "roceeded by contro!!ed breathing andre!a#ation e#ercises

• >radua! 'arm u" and !eisure 'arm do'n

• E#ercise intensity shou!d be steady

• Medication shou!d be used before e#ercise if needed

• ,de)uate 'ater

• If attac%s are triggered by en*ironmenta! factors remo*e the

ath!ete from that en*ironment

Diabetes $

• Ty"e 5 Diabetes $ body cannot "roduce insu!in

•

Ty"e ; Diabetes $ body cannot "roduce sucient insu!in oruse it ecient!y

Management

• .a!ance insu!in

• 2e!! ba!anced diet $ carbohydrates forming a signi/cant"ortion

• Ha*e a "re-game mea! to raise b!ood sugar !e*e!s $ if e#erciseis e#tended hour!y g!ucose su""!ementation is needed

E"i!e"sy $



• Is a disru"tion to brain function causing a brief a!teration tothe !e*e! of consciousness and resu!ting in sei3ures or /ts

Management

• If sei3ures occur dai!y a*oid co!!ision s"orts

• Other "!ayers "arents or su"er*isors shou!d be "resent and%no' 'hat to do if a sei3ure occurs

• S'imming a!one scuba di*ing and roc% c!imbing shou!d becom"!ete!y a*oided if they !ose contro! and go unnoticed itmay !ead to serious in+ury or death

Overuse in(uries $stress fractures& !

• Occur from re"etiti*e actions 'hich "!ace too much stress onbone and musc!e

• Chi!dren are susce"tib!e to o*eruse in+uries du to dierentgro'th rates in bone and soft tissue

• More the s"ort is "!ayed $ increased chance for o*erusein+uries

• E#am"!es $ shin s"!ints tennis e!bo' ,chi!!es tendonitis

Can be caused by=

• P!aying the same s"ort a!! year round or mu!ti"!e s"orts

• Inade)uate 'arm u"s

• 4ac% of a good genera! !e*e! of /tness

• Im"ro"er techni)ue e6g6 o*ere#tending on a baseba!! "itch• ?nsuitab!e e)ui"ment e6g6 s"ort shoes that do not "ro*ide

"ro"er su""ort

• Strength and 0e#ibi!ity imba!ances !eading to "oor body

a!ignment

Stress fractures $ most common o*eruse in+ury

Management

• Immediate rest &!asting from :- 'ee%s(

• Ice fre)uent!y to reduce in0ammation• Possib!e in0ammatory medication

• Maintain /tness e6g6 s'imming

• ?se of correcti*e de*ices and e#ercises to im"ro*e bodymechanics if stress fractures 'ere caused by biomechanica!factors

T%ermore)ulation

• Refers to the maintenance of a stab!e interna! tem"erature

inde"endent of the tem"erature of the en*ironment



• Chi!dren are at increased ris% of en*ironment stress becausethey=

o Do not !ose heat by e*a"oration at the same rate as

adu!ts s'eat g!ands are not fu!!y de*e!o"edo ,re s!o'er to acc!imatise to heato Ha*e !o'er to!erance to heat increases the "ossibi!ity

of dehydrationo Ha*e !o'er to!erance to e#treme co!d

• Managemento Shade to minimise heat e#"osureo Regu!ar drin% brea%s to ensure hydration

o ,""ro"riate c!othingo ,*oid *igorous acti*ities in e#treme heat

"ppropriateness of resistance trainin)

• Can be used by chi!dren "ro*iding that it=o Incor"orates !o' resistanceo Is not com"etiti*eo Is designed to im"ro*e s%i!! and /tness

o Is 'e!! "!anned and ba!anced e#ercise a *ariety of

musc!e grou"s rest days

Adult and aged athletes

Heart conditions !

• Peo"!e 'ith heart conditions inc!ude those 'ho=o Ha*e e#"erienced a heart attac% or heart "rob!emo Suer high b!ood "ressureo Ha*e had by"ass surgery

• Aey "rinci"!es for s"orts "artici"ation 'ith heart conditions

are=o Obtain medica! c!earance before beginning an e#ercise

"rogramo

E#ercise must be aerobic e6g6 'a!%ing +oggings'imming 'ater aerobicso Progress must be gradua! e6g6 begin e#ercise ;-9

a!ternati*e days a 'ee%o ,cti*ity needs to be of moderate intensity

o The "rogram shou!d be tai!ored to the indi*idua!s tasteo The "rogram must be sustainab!eo Ha*e 'arm and coo! do'n "eriods $ reduce "!acing

heart under sudden changeo Modi/ed strength "rograms $ !ight !oads use ma+or

musc!e grou"s $ hea*y !oads can raise b!ood "ressure todangerous !e*e!s



ractures*+one density !

• E#ercise increases bone mass and ma%es bone stronger andis im"ortant in de!aying osteo"orosis "hysica! acti*ity byo!der 'omen is im"ortant in de!aying "ost-meno"ausa! bone

density !oss• E#ercise needs to be safe and bene/cia! and not cause "ain

• Osteoporosis $ bones become thin and 'ea% increasing theris% of bone fracture Most common disease in ageing adu!ts

O"tions a*ai!ab!e=• Endurance acti*ities such as 'a!%ing cyc!ing s'imming

Cyc!ing and s'imming 1 good because bicyc!e and s'imming"ro*ide su""ort

• 4o' im"act and ba!ance acti*ities such as aerobics

• 4o' range strengthening e#ercises focusing on the !imbs

trun% and bac%

Programs are to be a*oided if they inc!ude=

• ,cti*ity of high intensity

•

E#ercises 'ith high resistance

leibility*-oint mobility

• E#ercise can ha*e "ositi*e eects on 0e#ibi!ity and +ointmobi!ity in o!der "eo"!e

• ,rthritis aching +oints and tight musc!es are common

"rob!ems

To be eecti*e "rograms need to=

• .e !o' im"act

• .e s"eci/c to a "ersons !imitations

• Consider e#isting medica! conditions that may !imit mo*ement

O"tions a*ai!ab!e=

• 2a!%ing cyc!ing s'imming 0e#ibi!ity c!asses and a)uaaerobics

2ater e#ercises $ not 'eight bearing $ increase in bone Gmusc!e mass Pre*ent fa!!s by increasing ba!ance and stabi!ity

Female athletes



Eatin) disorders

• Characteri3ed by beha*iors such as "urging binge eating andstar*ing

• Most common 1 anore#ia ner*osa and bu!imia ner*osa

• ,ect more than ha!f of the ath!etes 'ho com"ete in e*ents'here !o' body fat and idea!i3ed body sha"e is e#"ected e6g6dance gymnastics synchroni3ed s'imming

May resu!t from=

• Peer in0uence maga3ines te!e*ision

• Socia! e#"ectation

• Pressure 'ithin ath!etic sub cu!ture

• Need to conform

Cause the fo!!o'ing hea!th im"!ications• Ma!nutrition $ de/ciencies of energy "rotein *itamins and

minera!s

• Dehydration

• E!ectro!yte imba!ance $ need for homeostatic ba!ance $ aectteeth +oints bones ner*es musc!es b!ood sugar !e*e!sde!i*ery of o#ygen to ce!!s

• Muscu!ar atro"hy $ 'asting a'ay of musc!es and dec!ine inmusc!e mass

Pre*ention

• E#"ect ath!etes to do their bests• .e better educated to detect signs

• Obser*e training routines and socia! "ractices such as eating

Iron de.ciency

• Iron de/ciency causes anemia

• ,naemia $ 'hen hemog!obin !e*e!s dro" be!o' 55g "er 5m!of b!ood

• 2hen iron !e*e!s are !o' the amount of red b!ood ce!!s is

reducedthis !imits the o#ygen-carrying ca"acity of the b!oodand degree to 'hich the ath!ete can "artici"ate in s"ort

• Contributes to fatigue and !oss of energy

• Is more common in fema!es as they usua!!y eat !ess red meatand !ose iron during menstruation

• E#ercise induced anaemia $ resu!t of intense training 'hereiron reser*es are hea*i!y drained

• Iron !e*e!s shou!d be monitored and increased 'hen re)uired

• E#cessi*e iron $ !ead to !i*er disease diabetes heart "rob!emsand +oint damage

+one density



• .one density refers to the thic%ness and strength of bones

• Ca!cium de/ciency is associated 'ith osteo"orosis and bonefractures in o!der fema!es

• Ca!cium is necessary for bone strength and is a!so re)uired inthe b!ood to a!!o' musc!es and ner*es to function correct!y

• Causes of ca!cium de/ciency in bones inc!ude hormona!

changes associated 'ith meno"ause &cessation of menstrua!"eriod( decreased e#ercise and inade)uate amounts ofca!cium in the diet

• ,th!etes 'ith amenorrhea &cessation of menstruation 'hen ofre"roducti*e age( are a!so "rone to ca!cium de/ciencybecause of decreased ca!cium inta%e or !o'er oestrogen!e*e!s or both6

• >ood sources of ca!cium inc!udeo Mi!%o Cheeseo oghurto Fruit and *egetab!es &!eafy greens(o Fish 'ith bones

• ,de)uate ca!cium inta%e is essentia! for maintain bone density

• ,th!etes need to be mindfu! of maintaining ade)uate ca!cium!e*e!s so as not to aect bone density 'hich may !ead toincreased ris% of in+ury

• Regu!ar e#ercise $ of a !ight to moderate intensity is

recommended in younger fema!es as a means of decreasing

the ris% of osteo"orosis in !ater !ife• Oestrogen is a!so *ery eecti*e in maintaining bone density

more aecti*e than increased dietary ca!cium in this regard-4o' bone density is associated 'ith amenorrhea

#re)nancy

• Mi!d to moderate e#ercise is safe and bene/cia! for "regnant

'omen

• Research sho's $ "hysica!!y /t 'omen during "regnancy had

fe'er medica! inter*entions during !abour

ConsiderationsJIm"!ications=

• E#ercise in the coo! of the day

• Consume ade)uate 'ater to a*oid therma! stress 'hich canaect the de*e!o"ment of the foetus

• E#ercise at comfortab!e "ace

• ,*oid +um"ing and +arring mo*ements

• Resistance training $ assist 'omen to to!erate hea*ier body $and a!tered centre of gra*ity

•Resistance training $ carefu!!y su"er*ised to ensure "ro"erbreathing &a*oid ho!ding breath increases b!ood "ressure(



Regu!ar moderate e#ercise is bene/cia! for=

• Maintenance of /tness and genera! 'e!!being

• 2eight contro! during !ater stages of "regnancy

• Im"ro*ed musc!e tone

• Decrease "ost nata! de"ression

What role doo preentatie actions play in enhancing thewell !eing o the athlete?

"hysical preparation

#rescreenin)

• ,ssess the hea!th status of a "erson before they becomein*o!*ed in a training "rogram

• ,ge gender hea!th status and "re*ious e#"erience $im"ortant criteria

• Im"ortant for ma!es o*er : fema!es o*er K asthmaticssmo%ers 'ho are obese or high b!ood "ressure "eo"!e 'ithfami!y history for heart conditions

• Too! for encouraging "eo"!e to begin and maintain e#ercise

using an e#ercise "rescri"tion

• C#d

Skill and tec%ni/ue

Re!ates to the eciency 'ith 'hich 'e "erform re)uired

acti*ities

S%i!! "!ayers demonstrate a high degree of= Tem"ora! "atterning &sma!!er "arts of mo*ements aree#ecuted in se)uence e6g6 to" s"in in tab!e tennis(Pacing &mo*ements are "recise!y timed(Contro!

•

Correct s%i!! $ essentia! to "re*ent in+ury6 E6g6 footba!!er 'ho isunsure ho' to tac%!e at ris% e*ery time they ma%e a tac%!e

#%ysical .tness

• Physica! com"onents of /tness a""!y6 E6g6 0e#ibi!ityendurance strength etc6

• ,th!etes can "re*ent in+uries by "!acing s"ecia! em"hasis onde*e!o"ing the "hysica! com"onents s"eci/c to theiracti*ities6

• S"eci/c needs for ath!etes regarding /tness *ary from s"ort tos"ort and then 'ithin a s"ort *arying from "osition to "osition



• Em"hasis on s"ecia! re)uirements in s"ort can reduce in+uriesim"ro*e s"eci/c "hysica! /tness and core strength6 E6g6 inrugby union for'ards 'ou!d need to underta%e a s"eci/cnec%-strengthening "rogram as they are "rone to in+ury fromscrums6-

• Indi*idua!s need s"eci/c "hysica! "re"aration for *ariousreasons inc!uding=

o Pre*ious in+ury

o , medica! condition

o , disabi!ity

o ,n identi/ed "ersona! "!aying 'ea%ness

•

0arm up

Im"ortant in+ury "re*ention feature of any training "rogram

The 'arm u" needs to be geared to the demands of the s"orte6g6 s"orts that re)uire e#"!osi*e mo*ements such ass"rinting re)uire !onger 'arm u"s and ade)uate stretching

2arm u"s cause redistribution in b!ood 0o' $ from interna!organs to s%e!eta! musc!es

Musc!e tem"6 Increases hence Increase abi!ity of the musc!eto stretch 'ithout tearing and im"ro*es reaction re0e# time

Positi*e "sycho!ogica! fee!ings $ %no'!edge that musc!es 'i!!

res"ond at the time it has a!ready done so

Stretc%in)

Musc!es need to be stretched beyond range re)uired in thes"ort

,chie*ed by a safe stretching "rogram using the fo!!o'ing

stretches=o Static stretches $ musc!e gradua!!y stretched beyond

norma! range he!d for 9 secondso Pro"rioce"ti*e neuromuscu!ar stretching &PNS( $ may be

"erformed 'ith a "artner

Stretching "rograms need to be s"eci/c to the needs of thes"ort

E6g6 , high +um"er 'i!! stretch a!! ma+or musc!e grou"s in"re"aration for com"etition but 'i!! gi*e additiona! attentionto the ca!f and thigh musc!e grou"s as the demands on these

is the greatest



Cool Do1n

• The "eriod fo!!o'ing s"ort 'here body tem" circu!ationres"iratory rates return to "re e#ercise state

Essentia! to=

• Maintained the stretch in musc!e grou"s $ 'hich may ha*eshortened e6g6 !eg musc!es of a cyc!ist may shorten if the !egsdo not reach fu!! e#tension

• Dis"erse !actic acid 'hich has bui!t u"

• Pre*ents the b!ood "oo!ing $ gradua! reduction in heart ratereduces *asodi!ation &su""!y of b!ood to 'or%ing musc!es( andthe tendency of b!ood to 7"oo!8 in musc!es that ha*e beenhea*i!y 'or%ed

Sports policy and the sports enironment

Rules of sports and activities

• Ru!es of s"ort assist the 0o' of "!ay and "rotect "!ayers fromin+ury

• Ru!es are enforced by the referee or um"ire "romote safety

'ithin the game

• In+ury has the "otentia! to cause "ermanent damage ru!einfringements must be dea!t 'ith such as rugby in head hightac%!es

•

Essentia! that the ath!etes safety is the highest "riority

E#am"!es of ru!es in s"ort 'hich enhance safety=

• Marathon runners $ ob!iged to consume 0uid during the raceto "re*ent heat stro%e

• Rugby 4eague $ no head high tac%!es $ a*oid head and nec%

in+uries such as contusions or de"ression fractures andconcussions

• Cric%et $ must 'ear "rotecti*e gear 'hen batting e6g6 he!met%nee "ads $ "re*ents fractures dis!odging a tooth contusionsbrain damage etcL

• Hoc%ey $ goa! %ee"ers must 'ear "rotecti*e gear

'odi.ed Rules for c%ildren

• .y decreasing the si3e of e)ui"ment ma%ing the ru!essim"!er e)ui"ment softer and games shorter chi!dren can

gain a !ot more satisfaction from s"ort• E#am"!e= t-ba!! min%ey hoc%ey %anga cric%et netta



• 4o'ers the ris% of in+ury

• In re!ation to some s"orts game modi/cation has in*o!*ed thedesign of a com"!ete ne' game to de*e!o" the basic s%i!!s ofthe origina! game

• E6g6 2a!!a Rugby $ no "ushing in scrums and no !ifting in !inesouts etc6

'atc%in) of opponents

• Refers to gro'th and de*e!o"ment as 'e!! as s%i!! !e*e!

• >rading of com"etition !eads to safer "artici"ation

• >rading is done by both age and s%i!! !e*e!

2se of protective e/uipment

• ,!! "rotecti*e e)ui"ment must=o ,de)uate!y "rotect the 'earer and other "!ayers

o ,!!o' freedom of mo*emento ,ir 0o'o .e comfortab!e

• >ood )ua!ity e)ui"ment $ im"ortant for the ath!etes safety

• Higher ris% of in+ury from im"act $ more im"ortant fore)ui"ment to be safe and re!iab!e E6g6 Cric%et ba!! bo'!ed fasts"eed $ he!met designed to "rotect batsman6 If the e)ui"mentis fau!ty $ big ga" bet'een mas% and meta! grid $ ath!ete at

ris% for in+ury• Ina""ro"riate foot'ear $ !ead to b!isters ca!!uses and e*en

structura! deformities

• Shoes $ uni)ue to e*ery ath!ete $ dierent s"orts dierentstresses on foot

• E6g6 footba!! $ sideste""ing on grass surfaces &su""ort in form

of s"rings assist change in direction6 Ho'e*er bas%et ba!!er $re)uires shoes that gri" on "o!ished 0oor and "ro*idecushioned su""ort 'hen the "!ayer !ands after a rebound

• E#am"!es= mouth guards he!mets facemas%s "adding &shinshou!der chest and thigh( 'etsuits hats g!o*es sung!asses

S"eci/c "rotecti*e e)ui"ment $

Safe )rounds, e/uipment and facilities



#nironmental considerations

Temperature re)ulation

• Norma! body tem" is

$aping and !andaging

How is injury reha!ilitation managed?

%eha!ilitation procedures

Ob+ecti*e of rehabi!itation $ ath!ete to return to "!ay as soonas "ossib!e

Returning too soon may !ead to "ermanent damage

Returning to "!ay is determined by ho' )uic%!y in+ury reco*ersa!so on ho' serious the in+ury is

#ro)ressive mobili3ation

• ,fter RICER $ aims to get in+ured area mo*ing as soon as"ossib!e 'ithout "ain and "re*ent +oint from stiening u"

• Im"ortant to commence 'ith gent!e motion such as 'a!%ingthen "rogress to stretching and strengthening

• Pain shou!d be an indicator to !imits of mo*ement

4raduated eercises $stretc%in), conditionin), total body .tness&

Stretching

• Im"ortant so in+ury hea!s 'ithout scarring

• Scarring shortens the musc!e and ma%es it "rone to furtherin+ury

• Pro"rioce"ti*e neuromuscu!ar faci!itation &PNF( stretching $musc!e is stretched and shortened in safe mo*ements

Conditioning

• The restoration of muscu!ar strength is essentia! in in+uryrehabi!itation

• Musc!es that are acti*e 'i!! increase in si3e and endurance'hereas those that remain "assi*e 'i!! decrease in si3e

• E*en if the area is immobi!ised a "rogram shou!d be designedto "re*ent musc!eatro"hy &'asting musc!e tissue(

• Isometric e#ercises shou!d be used to de*e!o" strength in the

"osition e#ercised andin*o!*es no mo*ement of the +oint• ,s s'e!!ing and "ain !essen e#ercises in*o!*ing "ain-free



• Increased b!ood 0o' means there is more o#ygen andnutrients being trans"orted to the damaged tissue

• ,!so decreases "ain and stiness

%eturn to play

Pdhpe Sports Medicine Hsc Notes

Documents

Transcript of Pdhpe Sports Medicine Hsc Notes