PDHPEHSC Enrichment Day

2012

Option 3

Sports Medicine

Focus Question 1

What are the signs and symptoms and

management of hard tissue injuries?

In Addressing This Question

Students learn about:• Hard tissue injuries

• fractures • dislocation

Students learn to:• Manage hard tissue injuries

• assessment for medical attention

• immobilisation

What is Hard Tissue?

Hard tissue injuries involve bone. Cartilage,

tendon, ligament and muscular injuries are all

classified as soft tissue injuries.

Fractures and dislocations are

hard tissue injuries.

Fractures Can Be Classified Into Three Categories

Compound (open) – where the broken bone pierces the skin.

Simple (closed) – the skin remains intact. Most common.

Complicated – Fracture that also injures surrounding arteries or nerves.

Signs and Symptoms of a Fracture May Include:

• Loss of function

• Swelling

• Deformity

• Signs of shock

• Pain and tenderness

• The affected area moving too freely

• Visible signs of bone

• The sound of a snap at the time of the injurySports Medicine Australia

A dislocation is an injury in which a bone is

moved out of its normal position in relation to

another bone with which it forms a joint. Sports Medicine Australia

Signs and Symptoms of a Dislocation May Include:

• Loss of function

• Swelling

• Deformity

• Pain and tendernessSports Medicine Australia

How Are Hard Tissue Injuries Managed?

Primary Assessment1. DRABCD

2. STOP- conducted only after life-threatening problems have been managed.

STOP-the athlete from moving any further

TALK-to the injured athlete, what happened, where does it hurt

OBSERVE- whilst talking to the athlete

PREVENT- further injury

Sports Medicine Australia

Secondary Assessment

1. Reassure the athlete and advise them not to move.

2. Immobilise the injured limb in the position you found

it.

3. Gently apply a splint or a sling to immobilise the

jointabove and below the injured site

4. Check circulation is present below the injured site.

5. If possible apply ice packs for up to 20 minutes at a time

6. Assess for shock and treat as required.

7. Send for medical assistance if required.

Sports Medicine Australia

How are Hard Tissue Injuries Managed?

Focus Question 2Assess the effectiveness of taping and bandaging

in enhancing the well-being of athletes.

• taping and bandaging• preventative taping• taping for isolation of injury• bandaging for immediate

treatment of injury Students Learn To:• evaluate the role taping plays in both

the prevention and treatment of injury

In addressing this question Students Learn About:

The Aim of Taping is to:

• Prevent injury

• Reduce the severity of swelling

• Provide support

• Limit pain

• Limit specific movements at a joint

• Allow desired movements at a joint

Sports Medicine Australia

Preventative Taping

• Preventative taping is the application of adhesive or non-adhesive tape to a joint area to protect, support or strengthen the joint during movement.

• Sports such as netball and football require explosive movements and frequent changes of direction. The joints are therefore continually under high levels of stress and there is potential for serious injury.

Taping for Isolation of Injury

Taping is often required after an injury has been sustained and may be necessary during the rehabilitation process to support the area and also to prevent further injury.

.

Bandaging for Immediate Treatment of Injury

• Bandaging can help reduce swelling ,support a joint or muscle and restrict movement

• Compression bandages should be applied to restrict bleeding into the injured area.

• Bandaging limits the movement of the body part injured.

References

• Sports Medicine Australia

• NSW Board of Studieshttp://www.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/syllabus_hsc/pdhpe.html

• Boyd, A et al. PDHPE In Focus. McGraw-Hill, North

Ryde. 2010.

• Buchanan, D et al. Peak Performance 2. McMillan, South Yarra. 2009.