P bli S bP bli S bPublic Soybean Public Soybean Breeding Research inBreeding Research inBreeding Research in Breeding Research in

a Private Variety Worlda Private Variety Worlda Private Variety Worlda Private Variety WorldBrian DiersBrian Diers

Randy NelsonRam Singh

St ll K t t iStella Kantartzi

OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline

• Why public soybean breeding programs are neededare needed.

• Variety release and breeding research t SIUat SIU.

• Variety releases and breeding research at IU.

• Wide hybridization results.y

Public SoybeanPublic Soybean BreedingBreedingPublic Soybean Public Soybean BreedingBreeding

Wh t i th l f bli• What is the role of public soybean breeders in the 21st century?21 century?

• Most soybean acres are planted with cultivarsplanted with cultivars developed in the private sector.

• Private sector has a large research enterprise in soybean biotechnology.

Role of Public BreedersRole of Public BreedersRole of Public BreedersRole of Public Breeders

• Role of public breeders• Role of public breeders.– Public and private

breeders and USB metbreeders and USB met during June of 2008 to discuss the role of publicdiscuss the role of public breeders.

– There was good gconsensus for what the future priorities should be for public programs.

Role of Public BreedersRole of Public Breeders• Educate future plant breeders and

agricultural professionals.– Severe shortage of plant breeders

in the USin the US.• Release varieties for niche markets–

including nonGMO markets.– RR1 a niche market?

• Develop germplasm with an emphasis on using new diversity (genes) fromon using new diversity (genes) from the soybean germplasm collection.

• Interact with other disciplines to improve our understanding of economic traits.

Development of High Yielding nonDevelopment of High Yielding non--GM Soybean Varieties at SIUGM Soybean Varieties at SIUGM Soybean Varieties at SIUGM Soybean Varieties at SIU

Stella KantartziStella Kantartzi1. Release a new variety LS03-4294 with SDS,

SCN, and frog eye leaf spot resistance.

2 Start intra-cultivar selection within the most2. Start intra-cultivar selection within the mosthigh-yield, high-quality varieties with apackage of resistance to major diseases(SDS, SCN, FLS etc.).

Identifying high-yielding non-GM varieties

Stage Lines Locations

1 PYI 494 Carbondale Valmeyer

(SDS, SCN, FLS etc.).

1. PYI 494 Carbondale Valmeyer

2. IYT 142 7 environments Belleville Carmi

3. AYT 110 Sandoval Harrisburg

Ullin

Development of SDS Resistant Development of SDS Resistant Soybean Varieties at SIUSoybean Varieties at SIU

• Phenotype evaluate RIL (F ) populations• Phenotype, evaluate RIL (F5:8) populations derived from crosses of SIU lines × ‘Spencer’ and select the most promising lines for yield p g ypotential, quality (protein and oil content) and resistance to SDS

• Phenotype, evaluate and genotype advanced inbred lines for SDS resistance and other

i i t t h tagronomic important characters• Confirm the presence of known QTLs linked to

SDS i t d l t ithSDS resistance genes and locate new ones with genome-wide molecular genotyping

Development of Frog Eye Leaf Spot Development of Frog Eye Leaf Spot Resistant Soybean Varieties at SIUResistant Soybean Varieties at SIU

• LS01-1987 x LN97-15076 (F3)• LS04-27138 x LN97-15076 (F3)

24 d d b di li (AYT 2008• 24 advanced breeding lines (AYT 2008: 47.3-68.0 bushels/acre) that have screened for FLS resistance will be :• Selected for their crop yield potential (yield

per plant, stability of performance and adaptability) andadaptability) and

• Phenotyped and genotyped for releasing the best ones as new varieties after further yield testingtesting

Development and Identification of Development and Identification of Li R i t t t Ch l R t t SIULi R i t t t Ch l R t t SIULines Resistant to Charcoal Rot at SIULines Resistant to Charcoal Rot at SIU

New crosses between resistant andNew crosses between resistant and susceptible lines to Macrophominaphaseolina :p

DT97-4290 x LS03-4294 DT97-4290 x LS06-3968 DT97-4290 x LG04-6000 DT97-4290 x LS03-4294 have been made- Seed was sent to Puerto Rico for the

development of F2 populations- Early generation selection will start in

summer of 2010

Screening for Virus Resistance and Development of BPMV ResistantDevelopment of BPMV Resistant

Soybean Varieties at SIU

• Viruses are emerging as a major problem in soybean, especially those that are seed-borne.y , p y

• Advanced selections are being screened for viruses that cause significant losses and are seed borne (Bean pod mottle Soybean mosaicseed-borne (Bean pod mottle, Soybean mosaic, Alfalfa mosaic, Tobacco streak etc).

• Bean pod mottle resistant Glycine tomentella p yaccessions are used to identify the resistance gene and make crosses with SIU soybean accessions to incorporate resistance to the virusaccessions to incorporate resistance to the virus.

UI Variety ReleasesUI Variety ReleasesUI Variety ReleasesUI Variety Releases• Released 5 varieties in 2009• Released 5 varieties in 2009.

– All SCN resistant, 2 soybean aphid resistant 4 nonGMO and 1 Roundupresistant, 4 nonGMO and 1 Roundup Ready.

• Released 5 varieties in 2010• Released 5 varieties in 2010.– All SCN resistant, 3 soybean aphid

resistant 3 nonGMO and 2 Roundupresistant, 3 nonGMO and 2 Roundup Ready.

• Lines are being released for branding• Lines are being released for branding by commercial companies.

UI Variety ReleasesUI Variety ReleasesUI Variety ReleasesUI Variety Releases• Maturity group II lines. RR1, SCN

resistant, and aphid resistant with Rag1.

Yield Maturity LodgingEntry Bu/A Rank date scoreEntry Bu/A Rank date scoreAG2403 44.5 16 9-26 1.3AG2002 52.5 12 0 1.2AG2607 55.6 5 2 1.4LD06-30504Ra 54.0 7 3 1.3LD06 30505R 58 3 1 5 1 6LD06-30505Ra 58.3 1 5 1.6

Aphid Resistance RatingsAphid Resistance RatingsEntry Aphid scoreDwight 3.2Ina 3.6Loda 3.3Williams 82 3.4LD05-16657 1.5LD06-16721 1 3LD06-16721 1.3LD06-30504Ra 1.4LD06-30505Ra 1.3LSD(0 05) 0 58LSD(0.05) 0.58

Rating were done on a 1-4 scale with 1 = few solitary aphids present, 2 = several transient aphids present 3 = dense colonies and 4 =2 = several transient aphids present, 3 = dense colonies, and 4 = dense colonies accompanied by plant damage.

SCN and SDS RatingsSCN and SDS Ratings

IL SCN screening SIU SDS

HG 0 HG 2.5.7 HavanaG 0 G 5 a a aEntry FI rating FI rating DXAG2403 81 NR 77 NR 35AG2002 6 HR 81 NR 17AG2002 6 HR 81 NR 17AG2607 23 R 73 NR 26NEX2905A0R 81 NR 75 NR 9LD06-30504Ra 3 HR 53 LR 3LD06-30505Ra 2 HR 63 NR 2

UI Variety ReleasesUI Variety ReleasesUI Variety ReleasesUI Variety Releases• Maturity group III line. Conventional, SCN

i t tRegional Results Region Region

resistant.

Yield Maturity Lodging Height Protein Oil

COMPANY NAME* bu/a Date in @13% @13%DAIRYLAND DSR-3590* 62.4 9/29 2.2 39 35.4 18.1U of I LD04-13265 66 5 10/1 2 0 33 34 6 18 9U of I LD04-13265 66.5 10/1 2.0 33 34.6 18.9FS HISOY HS 34C90 68.9 9/29 1.9 34 34.3 19.3FS HISOY HS 38C60 64.3 10/7 2.6 40 36.3 17.9HORIZON H 331 N 58.3 9/30 2.1 38 34.3 19.4PIONEER 93M14* 63.5 9/26 2.4 35 35.5 18.7PIONEER 93M52* 64.0 9/29 2.7 38 35.5 18.8PIONEER 93M62* 66.3 10/1 2.5 35 35.3 19.5PUBLIC WILLIAMS 82* 47.4 10/7 3.0 40 35.8 18.5STINE 3300-2* 65.3 9/27 2.3 35 34.0 19.5STINE 3308 2* 64 9 10/5 2 7 39 36 1 18 1STINE 3308-2 64.9 10/5 2.7 39 36.1 18.1

AVERAGE 63.3 10/1 2.3 36 35.1 18.6L.S.D. 25% LEVEL 2.3 0.2 1 0.46 0.20

Sources of SCN Resistance for Maturity Sources of SCN Resistance for Maturity Group II to IV VarietiesGroup II to IV VarietiesGroup II to IV VarietiesGroup II to IV Varieties

PI 88788

94% PI 88788 + Pekingg

Peking

PI 437654

Peking + PI 437654437654

These data are from the 2008 extension publication “Soybean varieties withThese data are from the 2008 extension publication Soybean varieties with soybean cyst nematode resistance” by Marion Shier, Crop Systems Unit Educator, Livingston County Extension Unit.

Overuse of PI 88788 Overuse of PI 88788 ResistanceResistance

• SCN isolates have adapted to PI 88788 SCN resistance.SCN resistance.– 70% of the SCN positive soil samples from

Illinois could overcome PI 88788 resistance.

• PI 88788 overuse is a result of its success.– SCN resistance and high yield combined

with this sourcewith this source.

SCN Resistance from SCN Resistance from G. G. sojasoja

SCN resistance was• SCN resistance was identified from wild

b (G j ) PIsoybean (G. soja) PI 468916.

• Two resistance genes were mapping g pp gfrom wild soybean.

Resistance of Lines in a BC4 Resistance of Lines in a BC4 Population Segregating forPopulation Segregating for G sojaG sojaPopulation Segregating for Population Segregating for G. sojaG. soja

QTL (HG Type 0)QTL (HG Type 0)

100

120

60

80

100

e In

dex

20

40

Fem

ale

0Res E, Res G Res E, Sus G Sus E, Res G Sus E, Sus G

R i t t l ifi tiResistant classifications

New SCN Gene New SCN Gene C bi tiC bi tiCombinationsCombinations

• Can broad-based SCN resistance be developed by combining genesbe developed by combining genes from different resistance sources?C bi f G j ith• Combine genes from G. soja with those from PI 88788 or PI 437654.

Effects of Effects of rhg1rhg1 from PI 88788 from PI 88788 and Two and Two G. G. sojasoja GenesGenes

Resistance Gene SCN Isolate

h 1 G G T 0 T 5 7 Trhg1 G. sojaLG G

G. sojaLG E

Type 0(PA3)

Type 5.7 (PA1)

Type 2.5.7(PA5)

-----Female Index-----

S S S 97 83 81S S S 97 83 81

R S S 21 65 85

R R R 20 28 16

Effects of Effects of rhg1rhg1 from PI 437654 from PI 437654 and Two and Two G. G. sojasoja GenesGenes

Resistance Gene SCN Isolate

h 1 G G T T Trhg1 G. sojaLG G

G. sojaLG E

Type 2.5.7(PA3)

Type 2.5.7 (PA1)

Type 2.5.7(PA5)

-----Female Index-----

S S S 60 107 104S S S 60 107 104

R S S 43 31 44

R R R 19 12 14

Utilization of Wild Perennial Utilization of Wild Perennial GlycineGlycine SpeciesSpecies –– Ram Singh andRam Singh andGlycineGlycine Species Species –– Ram Singh and Ram Singh and

Randy NelsonRandy Nelson

• Wild perennial species likely have unique genes for resistance to pests and pathogens and p p gtolerance to abiotic stresses not available in soybean.

• Only a limited number of perennial species have been screened for these traits.

• Genetics of abiotic and biotic stresses needs to be studied.

• This is long term research that is not being conducted by private industry.

Traits of Economic Importance in Traits of Economic Importance in Wild Perennial SpeciesWild Perennial SpeciesWild Perennial SpeciesWild Perennial Species

• Resistant to pests:• Resistant to pests:• Soybean cyst nematode• Soybean aphid

• Resistant to pathogens:• Soybean rust• Sudden death syndrome• Sudden death syndrome• Phytophthora root rot• Soybean brown spot

B d ttl i• Bean pod mottle virus• White mold

• Tolerance to abiotic stress:Tolerance to abiotic stress:• Drought• Problem soils (salt)

GlycineGlycine tomentellatomentella; PI 441001 (2n=78); PI 441001 (2n=78)AustraliaAustralia

Dwight Soybean Soybean PI rustrust 441001

Dwight

PIbean

be

an

hid

hid

PI 441001So

ybSo

yb aph

aph

XX

SterileSterile04H1-2

Glycine tomentellaGlycine tomentellaSoybean 2n=40Soybean 2n=40 yy2n=782n=78

FF1; 1; 2n=592n=59

XX

Soybean 2n=40Soybean 2n=40Amphidiploid; Amphidiploid;

2n=1182n=118

Soybean 2n=40Soybean 2n=40

M lti l h t iM lti l h t iMultiple shoots in Multiple shoots in cultureculture

2n=79; 40 Dwight + 39 PI4410012n=79; 40 Dwight + 39 PI441001

XXBCBC22 seedseed

gg

XX Soybean 2n=40Soybean 2n=40

Soybean rust Soybean rust resistantresistant

Soybean rust Soybean rust susceptiblesusceptible

BCBC

BCBC33 seedseed

06H1-3 (BC2;)

BCBC33seedsseeds

06H106H1--3 (BC3 (BC22; ; 2n=562n=56)

H1-1 (BC2; 2n=58)06H106H1--1 (BC1 (BC22; ; 2n=58)2n=58)2n=58)2n=58)2n=58)

26

26

07H

107

H1--

22(B

C(B

C22))

2n=5

62n

=56

08H15-29 (2n=42)( )

1)2

(2n=

41

9H70

-22n

=40)

9H70

-4

n=41

)

9H70

-12

09 (2 09 (2n

09

07H507H5 8 (2 41)8 (2 41)2n=422n=42

07H507H5--8 (2n=41)8 (2n=41)

07H6-3 (2n=41)

Derived lines from soybean x Derived lines from soybean x Glycine tomentellaGlycine tomentella (PI 441001)(PI 441001)growing in field; August 2009growing in field; August 2009

Conclusions Conclusions –– Perennial Perennial GermplasmGermplasm ResearchResearch

B k li i h G t t ll b k d• Backcross lines with G. tomentella background carrying resistance to phytophthora, SDS and soybean rust were identifiedsoybean rust were identified.

• Backcross lines with increased or decreased protein and oil content were identified.p ote a d o co te t e e de t ed

• Will continue testing backcross lines for resistance to pests, seed quality and abioticstresses (drought and salt).

A k l d tA k l d tAcknowledgementsAcknowledgements• Research was supported by:

– Illinois Soybean Checkoff yBoard.

– United Soybean Board.– North Central Soybean

Research Program– USDA-NRI competitive

grant program.

Public Soybean Breeding in Public Soybean Breeding in 2010 and Beyond2010 and Beyond

• Soybean breeders have available the soybean ysequence and other genomics resources.g

• Entire soybean germplasm collectiongermplasm collection (19,000 accessions) will be genotyped with 50 000be genotyped with 50,000 SNP markers.

Public Soybean Breeding in Public Soybean Breeding in 2010 d B d2010 d B d2010 and Beyond2010 and Beyond

• Breeder genomicist• Breeder-genomicist-molecular biologists collaborations can becollaborations can be productive.

The identification of the– The identification of the effects of genes require phenotyping and breedersphenotyping and breeders are ideally suited for high throughput phenomics (especially for traits of economic importance).

Variety ReleasesVariety ReleasesVariety ReleasesVariety Releases

• A major focus of the UI• A major focus of the UI and SIU soybean breeding programs isbreeding programs is the development of conventional (nonGMO)conventional (nonGMO) varieties with disease and pest resistanceand pest resistance.