ParticipleParticiple is a verbal adjective

sharing in part the characteristics of both the verb and the adjective.

Participle. FormsPARTICIPLE I PARTICIPLE II

Active Passive

Present Asking Being asked

Perfect Having asked

Having been asked

Passive

Asked

Present Participle Active/Passive

The action named by the participle takes place at the same time as the action named by the finite verb.

• Do you see the baby waving a flag? (Active)

• Do you know the student being asked? (Passive)

Present Simple

• That day we stayed at home watching TV. (Active)

• Being left alone, he didn’t know what to do. (Passive)

Past Simple

• In a few minutes the guests will arrive carrying presents. (Active).

• Being invited he will attend this meeting. (Passive).

Future Simple

PPresent Participle- Active/PassiveFunction

ActiveDoing

• They looked at the flying plane.

• The student reading the book is my brother

The question being discussed at the meeting is very important.

Attribute

PassiveBeing done

-щий-вший

-мый-щийся

PPresent Participle -ActiveFunction

ActiveDoing

• (While/When) reading the article he used a dictionary.

• Receiving the telegram he rang up her mother.

Adverbial modifier of time

-а-я

“Being” is not used in this function!!!

Instead we use clause with WHEN

Being in London When I was in London, I visited a lot of sights.

PPresent Participle -Active

Function

ActiveDoing

• He ran up to me breathing heavily.

Adverbial modifier of manner

-а-я

PPresent Participle- Active/Passive

Function

ActiveDoing

• Not knowing her address, he couldn’t write to her.

• Being tired, I went to sleep.

-а-я

-будучи

Adverbial modifier of reason

PassiveBeing done

• Being built with great skill, the mansion was used by the family for centuries.

(будучи)-енный

PPresent Participle Active

Function

ActiveDoing

• He is reading now.• He was reading

yesterday at 5.

Present Continuous

Past Continuous

Future Continuous

Perfect Continuous

Future Perfect Continuous

Part of predicate

Perfect Participle Active/Passive

The action named by the participle takes place prior to the action named by the finite verb

• Having explained everything, I want to tell you how sorry I am. (Active)

Present Simple

• Having finished the letter, I went to the post-office.Past Simple

• Having settled the problem, we will make profit.Future Simple

Perfect Participle Active/Passive

Adverbial modifier of reasonFunction

• Having lost his address, we couldn’t visit him.

ActiveHaving done

• Having been sent to the wrong address, the letter didn’t reach him.

PassiveHaving

been done

-в-я

Придаточное с «так

как..»

Perfect Participle Active/Passive

Adverbial modifier of timeFunction

• Having travelled abroad for 3 months, he returned to Moscow..

ActiveHaving done

• Having been heated for 2 hours the substance began to melt.

PassiveHaving

been done

-в

Придаточное с

«после того, как..»

Perfect Participle Active/Passive=After + Gerund

After he had looked through all the papers

• he left the office.

Having looked through all the papers

• he left the office.

After looking though all the papers

• he left the office.

Adverbial modifier of time

PAST PARTICIPLE PASSIVE (PARTICIPLE II)

PAST PARTICIPLE PASSIVE (PARTICIPLE II)

FUNCTIONS AttributeThe stone

thrown by the

boy reached

the opposite

bank.

The broken window should

be replaced at once.

PAST PARTICIPLE PASSIVE (PARTICIPLE II)

FUNCTIONS Adverbial modifier of time

(When) asked

about it, he gets upset.

Past Participle = Present Participle Passive

(When) being asked about it, he gets upset.

PAST PARTICIPLE PASSIVE (PARTICIPLE II)

FUNCTIONS Adverbial modifier of reason

(When) asked

about it, he gets upset.

Past Participle = Present Participle Passive

(When) being asked about it, he gets upset.

PAST PARTICIPLE PASSIVE (PARTICIPLE II)

FUNCTIONS Adverbial modifier of condition

(IF) built of stone,

the road will serve for a long

time. Past Participle = Present Participle Passive

(IF) being built of stone the road will serve for a long time.

IF UNLESS AS

All the best!