Participatory Research and Development on Natural Resource Management
-
Upload
bhagya-vijayan -
Category
Environment
-
view
152 -
download
3
Transcript of Participatory Research and Development on Natural Resource Management
1
WELCOME
I - SEMINAR
ON
PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT FOR
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
PRESENTATION BY : BHAGYA VIJAYAN PALB 3120 Sr. M.Sc.(Agril. Extn.)
GIST OF THE SEMINAR
• Introduction
• Objectives
• Natural Resource Management
• Participatory Research & Development
• Changing Agenda of PR&D
• PR&D in NRM
• Research Studies
• Conclusion
13/04/2023 4
Natural resources are natural assets/ raw materials occurring in nature that can be used for economic production or consumption. (World Trade Organization)
NATURAL RESOURCES
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES OF THE SEMINAR
1. To know the concept of Natural Resource Management and Participatory Research
2. To understand and discuss Participatory Research &Development in NRM
3. To review the research studies on PR&D in NRM
13/04/2023 5
NATURAL RESOURCES?????
13/04/2023 6
Basis of Origin
BIOTIC
ABIOTIC
On Renewability
RENEWABLE
NON -RENEWABLE
13/04/2023 7
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Management of natural resources
1.Community-based Natural Resource Management
2.Adaptive Management
3.Integrated Natural Resource Management
Approaches applied to Natural Resource Management
OWNERSHIP REGIMES & EXTERNALITY
COMMON PROPERTY
Tragedy of commons
13/04/2023 8
STATE
PROPERTY
Externality • Positive • Negative
VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
13/04/2023 9
1.DIRECT VALUATION
2.TRAVEL COST
METHOD
3.HEDONIC PRICING
4.CONTINGENT VALUATION
KEY DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
13/04/2023 10
Empowerment Equity
Sustainability Security
GENESIS OF PR&D• North America & Europe
- (1950’s –’60’s)
Community-based approaches to the creation of
knowledge
• Research – not a dispassionate act but an act of solidarity,
active support and active participation
• International Council for Adult Education -1970’s
• International Participatory Research Network
- (1980’s and 1990’s)
13/04/2023 11
Epistemological Perspectives Surrounding Participatory Research????
POSITIVISM
CONSTRUCTIVISM
PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH
13/04/2023 12
13/04/2023 13
• The researcher and participants collaborate actively in a well defined group process to study and change their social reality. (Whyte, 1989)
•Primary goal : to create an environment and process where context-bound knowledge emerges to develop ‘local theory’
•All members of the organization as well as community can participate
PARTICIPATIVE RESEARCH (PR)
13/04/2023 14
Participants treat each other as colleagues
The researcher’s role :
co-producer of learning
Researcher has less control over the research design process
Has to be flexible to the perspectives of participants
IT IMPLIES..................
• Involves a whole range of people
• Subject of the research originates in the community itself
• Goal - radical transformation and improvement of the lives of the people by themselves
• Create greater awareness of their own resources & self-reliant development
• Facilitates accurate and authentic analysis of social reality• Researcher - committed participant and learner
13/04/2023 15
PR & ITS MAJOR COMPONENTS
1.PEOPLE
2.POWER
3.PRAXIS
13/04/2023 16(Finn, 1994)
Phases and Activities of PR&D
13/04/2023 17
Assessment and Diagnosis
Sustaining Local
Innovation
Managing PR&D
Dissemination and Scaling Up
Experimenting With Technology Options
Promoting and Developing Capacity for PR&D
SYNTHESIS
CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
INTEGRATION
SUPPORT MECHANISMS
13/04/2023 18
•Encompasses : generating, sharing, exchanging, utilizing knowledge
•Synergy
•Sources of knowledge: from local systems to global science•Provides decision-support tools and information
•Holistic perspective : in Agriculture and Natural Resource Management
The Changing Agenda of Participatory Research and Development
1913/04/2023
PR: Collaborative Process
13/04/2023 20
• Brings isolated people together
Validates their experiences
• Presents the knowledge and experiences of the researchers
Contextualizes individual problems or
weakness • Links personal experiences to social realities
Types of Participation
13/04/2023 21
PARTICIPATION
CONSULTATIVE
COLLABORATIVE
COLLEGIATE
CONTRACTUAL
DIALOGUE AND CRITICAL REFLECTION
13/04/2023 22
*Feature that distinguishes participatory research from other social research - dialogue
*Through dialogue, people come together and participate *Connectedness leads to shared meaning
*Encourages people to voice their perspectives and experiences
*Critically examine the sources and implications of knowledge
13/04/2023 23
COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS OF THE
RESEARCH
Suitable timings, non
sceptical, credible
Previous experience
Previous perceptions
The Changing Agenda of Agricultural Research and Development
13/04/202324
Equitable distribution of benefits
Sustaining productivity gains
Shifting the focus of research
Strengthening the capacity of local farming communities Building
synergy
Genesis of PR&D in NRM
(Janssen and Goldsworthy, 1996)
1990’s
Natural Resource Management as part of Sustainable development
1980’s
Farming System Research
1970’s
Crop Ecology
Physiology, Pathology , Entomology, Genetics, Agronomy
1960’s
Farm Management Farm Economics, Engineering,Planning
13/04/2023 25
Understanding PR in terms of NRM
Emergence of two domains
Depends on two critical factors:
(1) Public concern about major issues
(2) Understanding of the interrelations between problems and
the ability to deal with these interactions in the research
methodology
13/04/2023 26
PR in NRM
An approach that aims at improving livelihoods, agro ecosystem resilience, agricultural productivity and environmental services, which aims to augment social, physical, human, natural and financial capital, by solving complex real-world problems affecting natural resources in agro-ecosystems with the simultaneous participation of researcher and people.
Biosphere
HOMEOSTASIS
13/04/2023 27
13/04/2023 28
Five Principles of Good Practice in PR for NRM
1. Reflects a clear and coherent agenda
2. Addresses and integrates the complexities and dynamics
3. Applies the triangulation principle
4.Contributes to Planning
5. Based on two-way sharing of information
(Vernooy and McDougall, 2003)
Four Major Issues addressed by NRM Research
1.Impact orientation• What kind of impact do NRM research projects strive
for?
2.Research focus• What is their research focus and who are the intended
beneficiaries?
3.Pathway/strategy to impact• What is their pathway or strategy to achieve an impact
at the local level?
4.Role of Participatory Research13/04/2023 29
IMPACT ORIENTATION
13/04/2023 30
• Paradoxical situation with regard to impact
• Desired impact remain rather diffuse
• Participatory NRM research requires a strong
impact orientation
13/04/2023 31
Three major research foci:
(1) The development and assessment of
technologies
(2) The generation of new technology contributes to
policy or management recommendations
(3) Developing approaches for organisational and
local innovation
RESEARCH FOCUS
13/04/2023 32
PATHWAY/STRATEGY TO IMPACT
• IARCs seek collaboration
(eg; NARC, NGO’s,farmers’ groups )
ROLE OF PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH
•Women and marginalised groups neglected
An Agro -ecological Basis For Natural Resource Management
13/04/2023 33
•Poverty alleviation
•Food security and self reliance
•Ecological management of productive resources
•Empowerment of rural communities
•Establishment of supportive policies
LIVELIHOOD SECURITY
Production systems
Processing, marketing and consumption
Genetic resources conservation
13/04/2023 34
ETHNOSCIENCE & RAPPORT BUILDING
13/04/2023 35
Learning local categories for
things
Understanding how people use their language
Games and drawings can be
used to elicit information
Nothing but folk knowledge
INDIGENOUS ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
CONTEXT
BELIEFKNOWLEDGE
13/04/2023 36
Role of Development Communication
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNINGINTERVENTION
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH
RELATIONSHIP
13/04/2023 37
Property Rights and NRM
PROPERTY RIGHTS
ASSURANCE
DURATIONEXCLUDABILITY
13/04/2023 38
TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS AND NRM
13/04/2023 39
Information
Environmental and Price Risk
Wealth
Credit
Labour
Towards Social and Gender Equity
13/04/2023 40
• Management of agriculture and natural resources involves interactive roles of diverse social actors•These stakeholders are not homogenous or fixed groups, but differentiated by social categories of gender, class, caste, ethnicity and age•Facilitating the recognition of the social and gendered nature of technologies, policies and interventions•Creating a space for social actors (women and men) to manoeuvre to have more access to, control over, and benefits from natural resources
PARTICIPATORY GIS
13/04/2023 41
• Incorporation of GIS in data collection• Integration of local knowledge and
stakeholders’ perspectives
• Integration of social and natural science information using spatial databases in natural resources research and development
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
13/04/2023 42
Efficiency
RelevanceEffectiveness
IMPEDIMENTS
Archaic research and development approach
Lack of indigenous knowledge
Gender inequity Unprecedented approach Tech- unsavvy
13/04/2023 43
Non cooperation Culture Lag Gender inequality Scepticism Illiteracy
RESEARCHER PEOPLE
13/04/2023 44
SOME OF THE PARTICIPATORY TOOLS EMPLOYED IN NRM
45
GLANCE THROUGH PARTICIPATORY TOOLS EMPLOYED IN NRM
Transect walk
Watershed diagram
13/04/2023 46
Conflict analysis
13/04/202347
Crop budget
13/04/2023 48
13/04/2023 49
13/04/2023 50
RESEARCH STUDIES
13/04/2023 51
I. Measuring the Impact of User Participation in Agricultural and Natural Resource Management Research
Nancy et.al., (2003)
13/04/2023 52
To assesses the impact of using participatory methods • Three agricultural research projects which have a natural
resource management focus
Mixed methods of participation are used
• Four Areas of Focus
>Adoption and economic impact of project technologies
>Human and social capital among participating individuals and communities
>Feedback to formal research institutions
>Costs of conducting the research
13/04/2023 53
STAGE CONVENTIONAL CONSULTATIVE EMPOWERING FARMER EXPERIMENTATION
collaborative collegial
Design WN,ICRISAT CIP CIP
Testing ICRISAT CIP,WN
Diffusion ICRISAT CIP CIP,WN CIP,WN,ICRISAT
TYPES OF PARTICIPATION
PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS:1. INTERNATIONAL POTATO CENTRE2. INTERNATIONAL CROP RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR SEMI ARID TROPICS3. WORLD NEIGHBOURS SOIL CONSERVATION WORK
METHODOLOGY : PRA TOOLS, Mother baby trial
13/04/2023 54
User participation was found to
influence priorities and practices Participation led to
greater economic impacts Participation led to
more relevant technologies Use of participatory
methods decreased research costs
FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
13/04/2023 55
II. Combining top-down and bottom-up modelling approaches of land use/ cover change to support public
policies: Application to sustainable management of natural resources in northern Vietnam
Jean Christophe et.al., (2007)
13/04/2023 56
•To identify efficient modelling approaches of land use/ cover change (LUCC)
•Which will support public policies related to sustainable management of natural resources
•Three modelling methodologies &were applied at same research site
13/04/2023 57
SAMBA METHODOLOGY
LAND USE PLANNING AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM (LUPAS) METHODOLOGY
CONVERSION OF LAND USE AND ITS EFFECTS (CLUE) METHODOLOGY
METHODOLOGY
13/04/2023 58
FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
13/04/2023 59
• More than one tool/ method is needed to address the different aspects of eco-regional analysis
• For better interaction between the different groups of stakeholders more integration between the methods is needed
• (SAMBA) was found to be more efficient
13/04/2023 60
III. Participatory Development Communication for Natural Resources Management in Ratchaburi Province, Thailand
Cherdpong Kheerajit et.al., (2013)
Methodology
Secondary data collection, Interview
13/04/2023 61
To study the effect of participatory development
communication in bringing stakeholders together to address
the problem of dissolution of the environment and natural
resources
The study centers the following variables
13/04/2023 62
1.Information sharing
2.Consultation
4.Collaboration
3.Empowerment
5.Behavioural changes
FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
13/04/2023 63
Participatory development communication plays significant role in bringing together
Stakeholders
Cost of natural resources management can be lessened if there is
Proper participation
Participatory development communication is correlated to
Knowledge
CONCLUSION
13/04/2023 64
Shift from Millennium Development
Goals to Sustainable Development Goals
Dogged progress of Nation
Thrust on food security
Burgeoning population
Collaboration
“Chalein Saath Saath”
13/04/2023 65
THANK YOU
“Alone we can do so little, together we can do so much” : Helen Keller
13/04/2023 66
PR