Geography Pangasinan is located on the west central area of the

island of Luzon and was one of the first provinces to be established after the coming of the Spaniards in the region It is bounded on the north by La Union and Benguet; on the south by Tarlac and Zambales; on the east by Nueva Ecija and Nueva Vizcaya and on the west by the West Philippine Sea The term pangasinan means land of salt or place where salt is made It was derived from the main occupation of the inhabitants of the coastal villages which was, and still is, salt-making

Aside from pangasinan the place was also called caboloan after the species of bamboo which grew in abundance in the interior plains of the region Caboloan referred to places that were located in the interior portions of the region However, Caboloan fell into disuse after the bolo itself became instinct

The province as a whole is still an extensive plain dotted by a few mountainous regions in the east (Cordillera and Caraballo mountains) and in the west (Zambales mountains)

The province is traversed by many rivers but

the largest and the most extensive is the Agno river The greatest wealth of the province is from its natural resources: The soil is very fertile thus making it suitable to agriculture Fishing grounds abound such as the Lingayen Gulf, Mangabol Lake in Bayambang and other streams, creeks, lakes that are home to a variety of fishes

The province used to be rich in timber

which were not only used for the construction of houses and buildings but also of ships that were used as transportation and as galleons during the Spanish period

Pre- Colonial Life The early inhabitants of Pangasinan had

similar social, political structure, beliefs and practices with that of the other pre-hispanic groups in the country As to political structure, early Pangasinan society was composed of a: pangolo or anacbanua class, timaoa class and aripuen class After the conquest, the anacbanua will be assigned 50 to 60 of his cabaleyan (resident families)

Disputes between kin-groups of different

communities were settled by agreement ar by armed clash They believed in the Ama-Gaoley or Apolaqui whom they pray to when they were about to go on a journey or engage in any business They believed in life after death thus they would place material possessions of the dead person which he/she will use in his/her voyage to the great beyond

Arranged marriages as well as the giving of

dowry was the prevailing marriage practice then A man will serve (paninilbihan) first in the home of his beloved to prove his love and sincerity A wedding was accompanied by much feasting drinking and dancing Divorce or separation of husband and wife was allowed

Early Beginnings Based on the findings of the research and

study committee created by Gov. Amado T. Espino in 2009, Pangasinan was born as a province on April 5, 1580 Although Pangasinan was already made into an encomienda in 1572, it was not until 1580 when it was organized into a political unit under an alcalde mayor, thus the founding of the province

Conquest of Pangasinan The conquest of the province is credited to

Juan de Salcedo, the grandson of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (first governor-general of the Philippines) on May 1572 After the conquest, the province was immediately allotted as encomiendas to soldiers who participated in the campaign for its pacification An encomendero was responsible for the continued christianization of the natives

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

Juan de Salcedo

He was also tasked to maintain the peace and order in his encomienda; in return he was given the right to collect taxes (tributo) from the natives Corregimientos (unpacified areas) or military districts were also established (such as those in Rosales during the early conquests)these were headed by corregidores Converted natives on the other hand were resettled in pacified areas and these later will become the pueblos

The Pueblo and the local ruling class As the friars, along with the Spanish civil

officials, had organized the pacified areas into alcaldias (provinces) or pueblos (towns), the ruling class (anacbanua class) will be integrated in the newly-introduced Spanish political system They will become the cabezas de barangay (barrio chiefs) or gobernadorcillos(town chiefs) As the leaders under the new political system, they were given new tasks

Religious Conquest The first missionaries to set foot in the region were the Augustinians who came along with Juan de

Salcedo in 1572 but gave up because they had a hard time converting the natives It was in 1587 when the first group of Dominicans arrived; unlike the Augustinians who did not easily gave up, they persevered until little by little they converted the natives to the new faith It was in Binalatongan (present-day San Carlos) where the Dominicans first built their base

Plaza Complex The plaza complex was introduced by the

Spaniards to facilitate the colonization of the province In this scheme, the inhabitants were resettled in an open space called plaza The plaza complex consisted of an open space, usually, usually rectangular or square in shape, a chapel or church, a convent, a municipio or tribunal, a market place, a cemetery, and the residences around it

Plaza Complex This physical set-up enabled the Spanish to

effectively manage and control the natives and to bring them closer to Catholicism census-taking Tax collection Conscription for the polo y servicios Aside from the political function of the plaza, it became the center of the life of the people because their life cycle revolved around the plaza

Pueblos built along the plaza complex scheme

San Carlos City Bayambang, Pangasinan

In some instances before an area becomes a pueblo, some were organized first as visitas, such as the case of Bayambang which was a visita of San Carlos before it became a pueblo

Pueblos or towns were founded before they became parishes because parish priests were supported by state funds Pueblos were named based on what was common in the area or the patron saint assigned to it; however some names changed as years passed by Some examples are:

Binalatongan- San Carlos City Bacnotan/Bagnotan- Dagupan

San Jacinto de Cauili Malunguey- Bayambang Manaoag- from the word man-taoag Camiling San Isidro Labrador de Tubuang- Labrador

Salasa- Bugallon

Revolts in Pangasinan Malong Revolt 1660-1661 Led by Don Andres Malong- a member of

the anacbanua class; a Master-of-Camp of His Majesty and a native of Binalatongan He declared himself King of Pangasinan when they seized control of the province Causes of the revolt: reaction to the excessive collection of taxes and polo y servicios

Revolts in Pangasinan

Palaris Revolt 1762-1765 Juan Dela Cruz Palaris

He was from the timaoa/commoner class Causes of the revolt: refusal to pay taxes;

removal of local officials from their posts; expulsion of the provincial governor This revolt was compounded by an external element, the British occupation of Manila in 1762

Revolts in Pangasinan The revolt spread all over Pangasinan and

almost all towns in the province joined Palaris It was considered as one of the bloodiest revolts in the Philippines during Spanish occupation After his capture and execution in 1765, Spanish authorities changed the name of Binalatongan to San Carlos, in honor of King Carlos, to erase the bloody memory brought by the revolt

Pangasinan at the closing of the 19th century

As the 19th century came to a close, the

influence and power wielded by the Spaniards slowly diminished The once vast territorial jurisdiction of Pangasinan has now diminished due to the creation of new provinces such as Tarlac and La Union

Thank You!

TEST YOUR MINDS1. He led the bloodiest revolt in Pangasinan 2. 3. 4.

5.

from 1762-1765. What is the other name of the province aside from pangasinan? What is the old name of San Carlos City? How was the supreme god called by early Pangasinenses? He was credited for conquering Pangasinan.

Answers1. Juan dela Cruz Palaris

2. Caboloan3. Binalatongan

4. Apolaqui or Ama-gaoley5. Juan de Salcedo