Panel: Understanding Crop Establishment
Transcript of Panel: Understanding Crop Establishment
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May
Panel: Understanding Crop
Establishment
Being Confident in Your Decision-Making
Panelists
Réjean Picard Farm Production Extension, Manitoba Agriculture & Resource Development (MARD)
Amber Knaggs Agronomist, Shur-Gro Farm Services
Brendan Blight Claims Services Agronomist, MASC
Moderator
Dane Froese Oilseed Specialist, MARD
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Goals for Agronomists
How to evaluate a crop stand
Where to look for resources
Confidently explaining your
decisions and setting
expectations for your client
Evaluating results
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Reseed
Decisions
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Top Causes for a Reseed
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Where Does MASC adjust
Reseed Claims the
Most?
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Giving the Option to Reseed
MASC Adjustors give the producer the option to reseed but do not advise the producer if they should reseed or not.
Must meet insurance criteria:
• Insured crop
• Cause of reseed is for an acceptable reason
• Seeded before the seeding deadline
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Reseed Calculations
All MASC plant count sheets are developed using University and third-party research.
Any plant counts a adjustor makes below where the yield curve plateaus would allow a producer to qualify for a reseed.
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How Often does MB Reseed?
Bulk of claims are:
• Canola (62%)
• Winter Wheat (30%)
On average, 238,044 acres are reseeded every year in Manitoba.
2%
2%1%
1%
62%0%
0%
0%
1% 1%
30%
0%
Average Percentage Reseeded Acres (2007-2017)
Red Spring Wheat Oats Flax Fall Rye
Argentine Canola Oil Sunflowers Grain Corn Dryland Potatoes
White Pea Beans Soybeans Winter Wheat Pinto Beans
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Réjean Picard – Farm Production Extension
• Rejean’s Rules for Early Crop Evaluation
1. Timing
2. Plant Population Target
3. Plant Population Assessment
4. Damage Assessment
5. Economics of Reseeding
6. Re-cropping options
7. Decision
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Scenario 1: Flea Beetle Pressure in Canola 10
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Scenario 1: Flea Beetle Pressure in Canola
Planting Date Late May 2019, wheat stubble
Soil Type unreported
Moisture Conditions Dry, cold soil
Agronomic Issue Significant flea beetle pressure, visible
damage worse in some areas than
others
Farmer Concerns Big concerns with canola field,
wondering if he should re-seed or
spray and keep the stand
Timing & Targets
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Action
Threshold for
FB Damage in
Canola
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Action: 25% Defoliation
Economic: 50% defoliation
Dr. Julie Soroka, AAFC
John Gavloski, MB Agriculture
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Crop Establishment
Crop Date Target Plant
Population *
Plant Type
Wheat May 1 - 31 23-28 plants/ft² Cool/short
season
Canola May 1 – June 10 5-9 plants/ft² Cool/short
season
Soybeans May 15 - 25 180-210,000/a= 4/ft²
Warm/long
season
* Varies depending on management13
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2005-2013 Seeding Date vs Average Yield Response (MASC)
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Scenario 1: Assessment & Economics
Scouting Notes • 3-4 plants/foot²• Stand was fairly uniform throughout
Options/Implications 1. Spray and Keep
2. Reseed
Could a canola crop be reseeded?
Are there any other issues to
consider?
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Canola Reseeding Evaluation:
Reseed Date 1st week June
Date - Yield Factor 0.9164
Estimated Reseed Yield (bu/ac) 39.5
Estimated AgriInsurance Reseeding Indemnity ($/ac) $75.24
Estimated Seed Company Reimbursement ($/ac) $0.00
Reseed Seed Costs ($/ac) $62.50
Reseed Machinery Costs ($/ac) $16.50
Estimated Gross Revenue ($/ac) $426.36
(net reseeding indemnity, reimbursements & expenses)
Estimated Benefit (Cost) of Reseed Decision ($/ac) $235.87
Contact your local MASC office
to verify seeding deadlines.
Reseed Economics
www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/farm-management/production-economics/farm-
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Resources
• CCC: Canola
Encyclopedia
• MASC
• MARD: Farm
Mgmt Production
www.canolacouncil.org/
canola-encyclopedia/
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Scenario 1: Resources & Results
Decision Must evaluate the economics for each
option.
Decide to spray and keep.
Expectations What should be discussed with
client?
Resources Canola Council of Canadawww.canolacouncil.org/canola-encyclopedia/
MASC – Reseed deadlines
Results Scouted regularly, final plant stand
count was 4.5 plants/foot². Yielded 54
bu/acre.
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Scenario 2: Hail on Soybeans22
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Scenario 2: Hail on Soybeans
Planting Date May 15, on canola stubble
Crop Stage Unreported by farmer
Moisture Conditions Dry, dusty soil
Agronomic Issue Hail fell June 12
Farmer Concerns Hail damage is significant. Are there
enough plants for a good crop, or is
re-seeding necessary?
If I must reseed, I don’t have enough
nitrogen down for canola.
Timing & Targets
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Seeding by Plant Population
• Actual population
Plant Rate: 150,000/0.82
= 183,000 or
1.3 SSU/acre
Expected Survival
82%
Target:
140-160K Plants/Acre
http://mpgabeanapp.com/seeding-rate-calculator.html#
http://mpgabeanapp.com/soybean-plant-stand-assessor.html
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Resources
In-crop evaluation determined soys to be V2-V3.
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Give it timeAfter a severe hail storm it is tough to do any adjustments until at least a week after the storm.
This will give enough time to determine whether or not the plants are living or dead by determining if there is any new growth.
Time crunch is tough for producers and adjustors.
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What Types of Damage at What Stage?
Adjustment Process
Stages of Applicable Soybean Adjustment
Vegetative R1-R3.5 R4-R6.5 R7-R8
Stand Reduction
Cut-Off and Broken Over
Defoliation
1-for-1 and Factored Plants
Pod Loss
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Bruising Makes the Decision Tough
Research on Bruising:• Minor bruising shows
no measurable loss to seed production process.
• Severe bruising can cause the plant to break and the produced seed to become unharvestable
• Adjustors may need to defer any claim.
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Agronomists –Look at Severity of Stem Bruising
Minor Bruise
• Does not penetrate the pith
Severe Bruise
• Penetrates the Pith
• May need to defer
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Minor Bruise
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Severe Bruise
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Scenario 2: Assessment & Economics
Scouting Notes • 30” row spacing
• ~140,000 plants/acre
• Damage worse on 60/160 acres
• Most plants still have 1-2 nodes
Options/Implications 1. Leave and re-evaluate
2. Reseed to soybeans
3. Reseed to another crop
What are the re-crop options? Any
concerns with crop/pesticide rotation?
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Setting Expectations
Soybean Yield Potential
Factor Based on Plant
Population (before pod
formation) - MASC
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Setting Expectations
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2005-2013 Seeding Date vs Average Yield Response (MASC)
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Scenario 2: Results
Decision Must evaluate the economics for each
option.
Decide to evaluate losses & keep.
Expectations What should be discussed with client?
Resources • Kristen MacMillan’s MPSG
Summary Report on Simulated Hail
in Soybeans
• MPSG Production Factsheets
• Agronomist experience
Results Left for a week to determine new
growth, final plant stand count was
136,000 plants/acre. Yielded 41
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Thank you to our Panelists!
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