Pancreatitis aguda

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R2CG Carlos Hernández Brito IMSS CMN Manuel Ávila Camacho

Transcript of Pancreatitis aguda

Page 1: Pancreatitis aguda

R2CG Carlos Hernández Brito

IMSS

CMN Manuel Ávila Camacho

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• Proceso inflamatorio del páncreas

• El proceso inflamatorio se puede delimitar a páncreas o

extender a otros órganos

• La completa recuperación es la regla

• La mayoría de casos son leves y presentan recuperación

espontánea

Wang, G., Acute pancreatitis: Etiology and common pathogenesis, World J Gastroenterol 2009 March 28; 15(12): 1427-1430

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• Forma más severa es la pancreatitis necrotizante

• Las complicaciones tardías ocurren después de la 2°semana

• No se conoce hasta el día de hoy la manera exacta en la que se desarrolla la pancreatitis

• Todas las causas conocidas en algún punto convergen en su patogenia

Wang, G., Integrity of the pancreatic duct-acinar system in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, Vol 9,No 3 •

June 15,2010

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• 1era causa de muerte FOM

• 2nda causa sepsis

Wang, G., Acute pancreatitis: Etiology and common pathogenesis, World J Gastroenterol 2009 March 28; 15(12): 1427-1430

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• Cálculos biliares, alcoholismo e hipertrigliceridemia

• Obesidad

• Frecuencia inversa al tamaño del lito

• La incidencia se ha incrementado debido al consumo de

alcohol

• Mortalidad del 9 al 11%

Cruz-Santamaría, D., Update on pathogenesis and clinical management of acute pancreatitis, World J

Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2012 June 15; 3(3): 60-70

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Cruz-Santamaría, D., Update on pathogenesis and clinical management of acute pancreatitis, World J

Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2012 June 15; 3(3): 60-70

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Whitcomb, D., Genetic Risk Factors for Pancreatic Disorders, GASTROENTEROLOGY 2013;144:1292–1302

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Ho Gak Kim, Obesity and Pancreatic Diseases, Korean J Gastroenterol Vol. 59 No. 1, 35-39

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• Reflujo biliar

• Activación de enzimas pancreáticas

• Obstrucción del conducto

• Reflujo duodenal

• Apoptosis de células acinares

Wang, G., Acute pancreatitis: Etiology and common pathogenesis, World J Gastroenterol 2009 March 28; 15(12): 1427-1430

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Wang, G., Acute pancreatitis: Etiology and common pathogenesis, World J Gastroenterol 2009 March 28; 15(12): 1427-1430

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• Activación enzimática temprana

• Autodigestión pancreática

• Confluyen en toxicidad metabólica, mecánica y genética

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1. La pancreatitis inicia en las células acinares

Catepsinas B y L Autofagia celular

2. Los mecanismos mediantes los cuáles se origina la

pancreatitis y el por qué de su variabilidad de

presentación permanecen inciertos

No se desarrolla en todos los pacientes

Sah, R., Molecular mechanisms of pancreatic injury, Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2011 September ; 27(5): 444–451

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3. Activación enzimática a pesar de los mecanismos de

defensa

Inhibidor del tripsinógeno, proteasa sérica inhibitoria Kazal 1 (SPINK1), mesotripsina, enzima Y, α1antitripsina

y la α2-macroglobulina

4. Autodigestión pancreática

Sah, R., Molecular mechanisms of pancreatic injury, Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2011 September ; 27(5): 444–451

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5. Activación de múltiples vías por la tripsina

Sistema de complemento

Cascada de la coagulación

Sistema fibrinolítico

Liberación de citocinas

6. Daño multiorgánico

SIRS

FOM

Sah, R., Molecular mechanisms of pancreatic injury, Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2011 September ; 27(5): 444–451

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7. Susceptibilidad genética

PRSS1

CFTR

Polimorfismo en SPINK1

Receptores de calcio

Sah, R., Molecular mechanisms of pancreatic injury, Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2011 September ; 27(5): 444–451

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• La respuesta a la lesión pancreática puede ser

suficiente, insuficiente, o excesiva

• Células involucradas: células acinares, células

endoteliales, neutrófilos, linfocitos, monocitos y

macrófagos

Parrilla, P., cirugia AEC, 2° ed, ed panamericana

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Shrivastava, P., Essential role of monocytes and macrophages in the progression of acute pancreatitis, World J

Gastroenterol 2010 August 28; 16(32): 3995-4002

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SIRS• TNF

• IL 1

• IL 2

• IL 6

• IL 8

• ICAM

• MCP 1

• Sustancia P

• C5a

• IL 18

• PAF

• PCR

• NF-κB

CARS

• IL 10

• IL 11

Shrivastava, P., Essential role of monocytes and macrophages in the progression of acute pancreatitis, World J

Gastroenterol 2010 August 28; 16(32): 3995-4002

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Shrivastava, P., Essential role of monocytes and macrophages in the progression of acute pancreatitis, World J

Gastroenterol 2010 August 28; 16(32): 3995-4002

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Thrower, E., Molecular and cellular mechanisms of pancreatic injury, Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010 September; 26(5): 484–489

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Brunicardi, C., schwartz principles of surgery, 9° ed, mc graw hill

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Gukovsky, I., Impaired Autophagy and Organellar Dysfunction in Pancreatitis, J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 March ; 27(Suppl 2): 27–32

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Gukovsky, I., Impaired Autophagy and Organellar Dysfunction in Pancreatitis, J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 March ; 27(Suppl 2): 27–32

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Gukovsky, I., Impaired Autophagy and Organellar Dysfunction in Pancreatitis, J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 March ; 27(Suppl 2): 27–32

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Leena Kyl¨anp¨a¨, The Clinical Course of Acute Pancreatitis and the InflammatoryMediators That Drive It, International Journal

of Inflammation Volume 2012, A

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Leena Kyl¨anp¨a¨, The Clinical Course of Acute Pancreatitis and the InflammatoryMediators That Drive It, International Journal

of Inflammation Volume 2012, A

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Markus, M., Models of Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis, GASTROENTEROLOGY 2013;144:1180–1193

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Brunicardi, C., schwartz principles of surgery, 9° ed, mc graw hill

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• La respuesta a la lesión puede ser suficiente, insuficiente

o excesiva

De lesión (temprana)

Progresión de lesión (temprana)

Infección (tardía)

Parrilla, P., cirugia AEC, 2° ed, ed panamericana

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Ledesma-Heyer, J., Pancreatitis aguda, Med Int Mex 2009;25(4):285-94

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Ledesma-Heyer, J., Pancreatitis aguda, Med Int Mex 2009;25(4):285-94

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Ledesma-Heyer, J., Pancreatitis aguda, Med Int Mex 2009;25(4):285-94

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Ledesma-Heyer, J., Pancreatitis aguda, Med Int Mex 2009;25(4):285-94

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Ledesma-Heyer, J., Pancreatitis aguda, Med Int Mex 2009;25(4):285-94

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T. L. Bollen, The Atlanta Classification of acute pancreatitis revisited, British Journal of Surgery 2008; 95: 6–21

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Banks, P., Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus, Gut

2013;62:102–111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779

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• Dolor abdominal

• Elevación de enzimas pancreáticas

• Demostración radiológica

Banks, P., Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus, Gut

2013;62:102–111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779

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• Edematosa

Banks, P., Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus, Gut

2013;62:102–111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779

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• Necrotizante

Banks, P., Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus, Gut

2013;62:102–111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779

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Temprana

• Termina en la 1° semana

• SIRS

• Presencia de falla orgánica

• Pueden presentarse complicaciones locales

Tardía

• Persistencia de signos de inflamación sistémica

• Complicaciones locales

El mayor determinante de severidad es la persistencia de falla orgánica

Banks, P., Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus, Gut

2013;62:102–111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779

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Banks, P., Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus, Gut

2013;62:102–111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779

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Banks, P., Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus, Gut

2013;62:102–111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779

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Banks, P., Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus, Gut

2013;62:102–111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779

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Banks, P., Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus, Gut

2013;62:102–111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779

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Banks, P., Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus, Gut

2013;62:102–111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779

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Banks, P., Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus, Gut

2013;62:102–111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779

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Banks, P., Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus, Gut

2013;62:102–111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779

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Banks, P., Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus, Gut

2013;62:102–111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779

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Banks, P., Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus, Gut

2013;62:102–111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779