!

Paleoclimate Research Field Trip to the Stable Isotopes Laboratory at University of Washington !Workbook • Hosted by Dr. Katharine Huntington • April 15, 2014 !

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Table of Contents !!!!Planning 2

My Itinerary 2

Campus Map 2

College Tour 3

Lab Demonstration: Volcanoes and Climate 3

Question and Answer with college students 3

Sample Collection and Prep 4

Pollen Analysis 4

Ice Core 4

Sediment Core 5

Carbonate 5

Carbonate Analysis 6

Acid Reaction and CO2 Transfer 6

Purifying Sample 7

Isotope Measurement 8

" 1

!

Planning How will I know where to go? !

!MY ITINERARY

!!CAMPUS MAP

UW Campus

!

Time 9:00 9:20 9:40 10:00 10:20 10:40 11:00 11:20 11:40 12:00

Activity lunch

Room HUB

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Scan with your phone for a mobile campus map.

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©2012 UW Creative Communications & UW Facilities Serviceshttp://www.washington.edu/home/maps/

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Emergency Phone

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Bus StopBus Route

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Campus Entrances

Building

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Public Parking Area

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KEY TO MAP SYMBOLS

UW Police DepartmentOne Way Road (arrow indicates flow)

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!

College Tour What is it like to be a student here? !

!LAB DEMONSTRATION: VOLCANOES AND CLIMATE 1. What is one way volcanic eruptions influence climate?

!2. What is one thing that determines how explosive a volcanic eruption will be?

!QUESTION AND ANSWER WITH COLLEGE STUDENTS 1. Why did your guide choose to go to college?

!2. What was one struggle he or she faced so far with college?

!!!!

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!

Sample Collection and Prep Where do the samples come from? What do they look like?!

POLLEN ANALYSIS 221 Johnson Pollen Lab

!

Questions

1.How does pollen help scientists understand changes in climate?

!2.What are some similarities and differences between our pollen lab in class and what you saw in the pollen lab here today?

!ICE CORE 303C Johnson, hallway outside freezer

!

In places where it stays cold all year round and the snow never gets a chance to melt, large glaciers and ice sheets form over time. We know that the deeper down in the ice you go, the older the ice is, and we can analyze the gas trapped in the little air bubbles and the ice itself to get information about climate.

Questions

1.Where did this ice core come from?

2.What made that location a good one for studying?

3.How does ice help scientists understand changes in climate?

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SEDIMENT CORE 318 Johnson Erosion Lab

!

Sediment Cores are collected from the bottoms of lakes or oceans to analyze the information stored in the sediment. We know that the further down we go the older the material is, so we can use that to make a timeline and form conclusions about the data we collect, be that pollen data, carbonate data, or something different we find in the sediment.

Questions

1.Where did the sediment core come from?

2.What made that location a good one for studying?

3.How does lake sediment help scientists understand

changes in climate?

!CARBONATE 318 Johnson Erosion Lab

!

Carbonate can be collected in many ways because it is found in many things in the environment.

Carbonate is in shells, can form on the bottoms of rocks, and can be collected from soils. No matter the

source, you still need to collect enough sample for the next step, which is the acid reaction.

Questions

1.How accurate was the scale?

2.What was the white powder you were collecting?

3.What was the name of the tool you used?

4.What is the next step for the powder?

5.Why did you have to have a specific mass of white powder?

"5

!!

Carbonate Analysis How do we get data from dirt?!

ACID REACTION AND CO2 TRANSFER 303 Johnson, Stable Isotopes - Sample Prep Lab!

Carbonate minerals grow in the environment, and their isotopes record climate. Our instruments can’t measure isotopes in solid carbonate, so we have to turn samples into CO2 gas to analyze. To do this, we react the carbonate with acid to release CO2 that we can analyze on a mass spectrometer.

!Vocabulary:

Vacuum- a space that is empty of matter

Air- A mixture of gas molecules

!!Goal 1: React carbonate with acid to release the CO2 gas

Goal 2: Get the CO2 out of the reaction vessel without contaminating it with air.

Goal 3: Transfer the CO2 gas to a small tube that fits on the mass spectrometer to be measured.

!Questions:

1. How do you turn your carbonate mineral sample into CO2 gas that you can measure?

!2. How do you make sure your sample of gas doesn't get mixed with the atmosphere gas?

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Air

Nitrogen Nitrogen

Nitrogen

Nitrogen

Nitrogen

Carbon Dioxide

Oxygen

Oxygen

Methane

Nitrogen

Vacuum Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Dioxide

Carbo

n Dio

xide

Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Dioxide

Water Vapor

Water Vapor

PURIFYING SAMPLE 317 Johnson

!

Moving around Carbon Dioxide gas without letting it escape or get

contaminated with air is not easy. We use the different freezing points of

the materials to move and purify our samples. This activity is designed to

help you understand how we do that.

!You will have 3 tubes. One is a tube of CO2, one is water vapor, and the third is vacuumed empty. Use

the information about freezing temperature below to deduce which tube contains which gas

!

Questions

1.How did you know which tube was the CO2?

"7

Substance Freezing Point

H 0o

CO -78.5

1. Reference Data

Liquid Temperature What would freeze at this temp?

ethanol/Dry Ice

Slush (CO

Liquid Nitrogen

(N

2. Measuring Temperature

TubeDid it freeze in:

What is the substance?Dry Ice Liquid N

A

B

C

ISOTOPE MEASUREMENT 302A Johnson, Stable Isotopes- Spectrometer Lab

!

This piece of equipment analyzes the gas we have collected to give us information about the isotopes.

There is a direct relationship between isotopic levels and the temperature, so we can use the data from

this machine to make conclusions about what the temperature was while each sample was forming. This

combined with the knowledge of when the sample formed can allow us to build a picture of changes in

climate over time.

!!Questions

1.What is an isotope?

2.What was the instrument you used to measure isotopes?

3.Where did you obtain carbon dioxide for this example?"8