PROTISTSEukaryotic Evolution

Structure

Metabolism

Reproduction

EUKARYOTIC EVOLUTION

evidence suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes inner membrane is similar in composition to

prokaryotic cells outer membrane is similar in composition to

eukaryotic cells mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genetic

information genetic information is in the form of a chromosomes

similar to prokaryotic chromosomes mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce within the

cell using binary fission

EUKARYOTIC EVOLUTION evidence suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved when

ancestral eukaryotic cells (with a membrane bound nucleus) engulfed prokaryotic cells and established an endosymbiotic relationship with them endosymbiosis – relationship in which a singled-celled organisms

lives within another organism

EUKARYOTIC EVOLUTION

benefits of eukaryotic cells increased surface area where reactions can take

place increase efficiency in exchanging material with

environment allows cell to grow to a larger size

PROTISTS – STRUCTURE made up of eukaryotic cells dramatic range in size from unicellular to

multicellular include all eukaryotic organisms that do not fit

into the fungi, plant and animal kingdoms

PROTISTS – METABOLISM

autotrophic produce their own food using sunlight major producer in aquatic ecosystems

Euglena, kelp

heterotrophic main food source in many aquatic ecosystems

Paramecium, Amoeba

parasitic live in or on a host organism

Plasmodium (causes malaria), Giardia lamblia (causes Beaver fever)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6rnhiMxtKU&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4aZE5FQ284

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3KLhRdMGaA&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-IQiQXH9Ew&feature=related

PROTISTS – REPRODUCTION TERMS:sex cell

cell used in sexual reproduction, contains half the amount of genetic information needed by an organism (a.k.a. haploid)

body cell cell used in the body, contains a full set of genetic information needed by the organism (a.k.a.

diploid)zygote

cell formed by two sex cells, contains a full set of genetic information

PROTISTS – REPRODUCTION unicellular protists

asexual reproduction – binary fission offspring carry identical genetic information to one parent

sexual reproduction – conjugation offspring contain genetic information that is a combination of genetic

information from two parents

multicellular protists asexual/sexual reproduction – alternation of

generations cycle between asexual and sexual reproduction alternations between multicellular haploid and multicellular

diploid forms multicellular haploid form – gametophyte

contains half the amount of genetic information multicellular diploid form – sporophyte

contains a full set of genetic information

PROTISTS - REPRODUCTION

1. Mature sporophyte produces spores (haploid).

2. Some spores develop into a female gametophyte.

3. Other spores develop into a male gametophyte.

4. Female gametophyte produces and matures egg cell.

5. Male gametophyte produces sperm cells.

6. Sperm cells fertilize egg cells to produce a zygote.

7. Zygote develops into a mature sporophyte.

PROTISTS – EXAMPLES Type Characteristics Picture

euglenoids• Euglena

• photosynthetic autotrophs• unicellular• two flagella for moving

ciliates• Parameciu

m• Didinium

• heterotrophs• unicellular• many cilia

apicomplexa• Plasmodiu

m

• heterotrophs• unicellular• parasitic to animals

PROTISTS - PHYLAType Characteristics Picture

slime moulds • heterotrophs• life cycles include both unicellular and multicellular stages• flagella for moving

green, red and brown algae

• seaweed

• kelps

• photosynthetic autotrophs• multicellular• no cilia or flagella• cell walls made of cellulose