Overview on international BIPV research activities - … · 2016-09-06 · International BIPV...

EU PVSEC Acceleration of BIPV by international collaboration

21 June 2016

Dr. Pierluigi Bonomo

ISAAC-Advanced Building Skin Team

Swiss BiPV Competence Centre

Mehrzweckhalle Preisegg -Hasle bei Burgdorf (2013) Source: SUPSI-BFE

Overview on international BIPV

research activities


Photovoltaics at SUPSI, since 1982

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(photo: TISO-ISAAC)


BIPV at SUPSI, since 2004

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(source: Swiss BIPV Competence Centre)

2004: LEEE-TISO projects on BIPV

With a workshop, specialists of photovoltaics,

Architects, Industry and the Public sector

began the dialog on obstacles, promising

potentials and direction of research on BIPV.

Swiss BIPV Competence Centre

Our first project :

«Swiss PV test centre – TISO and BiPV

project 2003-2006»


Summary

4

• Introduction,

research in BIPV

• 15 key-topics in BIPV

research

• For not concluding…a

question

Flumroc Headquarter in Zurich, Viridén + Partner AG PIcture: SUPSI-EnergieSchweiz


BIPV …an adventure started with architecture

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Housing Development in Munich (D), Thomas Herzog with Fraunhofer ISE , 1979-82(source: Herzog+Partner Archive)


Research in solar architecture

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<In the northern side we will have

vaulted buildings, tightly closed and

without openings, rather exposed to

the hottest sector. On the contrary in

the parts that suffer the vehemence

of the sun, the houses will have more

openings and will be facing north,

north-east, so as to overcome the

disadvantages of nature with

architectural features>

Mashrabiya (above) and Heolian House (Below)

0 1000 2000

Vitruvius. De Architectura, Libro VI, 15 a.C.


Research in solar buildings, between memory and (r)evolution

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MIT Solar House I (prof. H.C. Hottel), MIT campus, 1939 (source: Solar Dechatlon)


The fundamental. What is integration?

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BIPV, beyond energy production

More than an electrical device…

…environment

…landscape

…urban and building quality

…aesthetics and architectural quality

…building skin and requirements

…economic feasibilty

…institutional and legal framework

…building process

…socio-cultural aspects

…behavioral changes

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International BIPV research activities

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IEA_PVPS Task 7 1997-2001

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

T. Herzog, Munich, 1979-82 Stadtwerke Aachen, 1991

PV ACCEPT

2001-2004

R. Disch, Solar Siedlung, Home+, Solar Decathlon, 2012 ARUP Foresight, Building 2050

IEA_SHC Task 41 2009-2012


IEA_PVPS Task 15 2015-2018

2007-2010

2008-2012 2012-20162004-2007

2011-2

015

Projects, Platforms

Architecture

2013-1

7


Passive and Hybrid Solar L.E.Buildings


Debates, conferences

(Europe+US)

1990-1996


BIPV, which levels of innovation?

• Aesthetics/ArchitectureLanguage of architecture, standardization vs customization, design flexibility

• Multifunctionality/Building technologyMultifunctionality, building product, building skin, building performances

• Process integrationIntegration in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) real/digital process

(cost-effectiveness, unitized elements, software tools etc.)

• Cultural, behavioral changeP

eople

……

pro

cess

……

pro

duct

Technology

Process

People


Photovoltaics and materials

A new dialog, a new semanthics

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Casa Solara in Laax (CH), MGT esys(picture: SUPSI-EnergieSchweiz)

Masdar insitute Campus, 2007-2008, Dubai-UAE, Foster+Partners

Casa Solara in Laax (CH), MGT esys(picture: SUPSI-EnergieSchweiz)

CSEM facade, Neuchatel (CH)(picture: SUPSI-EnergieSchweiz)


Photovoltaics and architecture

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Norman Foster Solar Award 2013: Das Büro Viridén+Partner, 107%-PEB-Sanierung Viridén, 8590 Romanshorn/TG Umwelt Arena / Rene Schmid Architekten, 2012, NFSA

Integration at building scale


Photovoltaics and city

Integration at urban scale

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California Academy of Sciences, 2008, San Francisco (USA) Renzo Piano Buinding Workshop

Masdar insitute Campus, 2007-2008, Dubai-UAE, Foster+Partners


15 key-topics in BIPV

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1. BiPV and…multifunctionality

The acronym BiPV is referredto systems in which thephotovoltaic element (PV),along with the role to produceenergy, becomes a buildingcomponent, integrated part ofarchitecture and building skin

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Endesa Pavillion, Barcellona


2. BIPV and…PV technology

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• Crystalline

Low cost and high conversion efficiency cells (Heterojunction, PERC, SWCT…)

• Thin films

CIS,CIGS, etc…symbiosis of architectural design, functional properties

• Third generation PV

Organic Photovoltaics (OPV), Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC), new opportunities


3. BIPV as…part of the building skin

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Which level?

• Basis constructive element

Material, cell….module, basic element(e.g. tile, cladding panel, etc.)

• Functional constructive element

System satisfying a part of the performance demand for the building skin (e.g. roof tiling system, cladding system)

• Modular-unitized BIPV construction

system

optimally combining BIPV modules with building/electrical sub-constructions (prefabrication, plug & play, etc.)

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Solaire Face Intec

CSEM

MEYER Burger Megaslate


4. BIPV as…construction component

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• Building envelope engineering

Building skin detailed engineering, performance-based design approach, culture of construction detail

• Building standard compliance

Qualification as a building product(CPR 305/2011-CE Marking , building codes and design approaches, EN 50583)

• Technological innovation (of the

building skin)

Modularity, lightweight, easy mounting, adaptability/flexibility, durability

Reference: P. Bonomo et al., Overview and analysis of current BIPV products: new criteria for supporting the

technological transfer in the building sector, VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability,

Source: Designergy

Source: SUPSI


5. BIPV and…front layer technology

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What is a BIPV module?

• Is it a PV module with glass in

front?

Cells are efficiently exposed to sun

• Is it an architectural glass with cells

behind?

Cells are visually/energetically filtered

• Is it a building material producing

“also” energy?

Cells are hidden/submitted to aesthetics

CSEM white module

Solar Silo, Basel (photo: SUPSI)ENERGY CHALLENGE , HSLU


6. BIPV and…manufacturing

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• Standardization

modular, prefabricated, pre-assembled and easy mounting system

• Customization

Aesthetics and performance (cell’s arrangement, color, material layering, adaptive performance of the building skin)

• Mass customization

Technology and flexible work processes in order to customize systems in high volumes and at a relatively low cost.

Source: Flisom

Source: SUPSI-Construct PV

Glas Troesch

Source: Meyer Burger

EU PVSEC Acceleration of BIPV by international collaboration 22

• Which is the target?

Symbolic architecture vs residential, Retrofit market, commercial/industrial

• Cost-effectiveness

(LCC, LCOE, investment costs, €/kWp, €/m2, €/kWh, etc…)

• Which is the language of PV?

Optimal balance between aesthetics and energy performance

• Integrated approach

From design to operation

Renovation in Romanshorn (CH), Viriden +Partners (Photo: SUPSI-UFE)

7. BIPV …from status to mass market?


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(Source: http://www.arup.com/homepage_imagining_buildings_of_the_future.aspx)

“…part of an urban ecosystem

producing food and energy, providing

clean air and water… buildings evolve

from being passive shells, into

adaptive and responsive organisms -

living and breathing structures

supporting the cities of tomorrow”

(J. Hargrave, ARUP)

8. BIPV …and nZEB…and

future building visions


• Life cycle assessment of PV

• Life cycle assessment of building products

• LCA of BIPV skin: from harvest of raw materials through manufacturing, transportation, installation, use, maintenance and disposal or recycling

•

(Sources: PVPS, Life Cycle Assessment of Future Photovoltaic Electricity Production from Residential-scale Systems Operated in Europe, 2015

Khagendra P. Bhandarib et al, Energy payback time (EPBT) and energy return on energy invested (EROI) of solar photovoltaic systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis)

9. BIPV …and environment in the life-cycle


10. BIPV…from product to (AEC) process

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Integration in a building-based process:

- Integration in the AEC real process

- Integration in the AEC digital process (BIM-based)

- Innovative approaches and tools supporting the integration of BIPV in all the building process/life-cycle and value-chain


Innovative tools for:

• Algorithms for PV performance,

detailed mismatch losses , optimizer

for the design of PV plants

• Interoperability in a BIM-based process

11. BIPV…from real to digital process

Source: Insun Source: SUPSI- Construct PV


12. Cultural innovation: integration…in knowledge

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Transfer knowledge from research

(scientific, industrial and architectural) to real practice through:

- Communication and dissemination

- Supporting tools and information

Integrated approach

(technology, architecture, energy)

Multi-level and synergic perspective

(building, product, process)

Source: SUPSI-Construct PV


13. Architectural innovation: integration…in the concept

MFH MÜHLEBACHSTRASSE_HUFGASSE, Kämpfen (photo: SUPSI-EnergieSchweiz)

“… an acceptance of solar

technology in construction by

the general public can only be

achieved by means of

convincing visual ideas and

examples… the use of

environmentally friendly forms

of energy must be planned from

a holistic point of view.

…Renewable forms of energy

present an opportunity to make

life in cities more attractive”

(Thomas Herzog, Charter for Solar Energy in Architecture and Urban Planning, 2007)


14. BIPV…and the images of integrated Photovoltaics

(photo: SUPSI-EnergieSchweiz)(photo: SUPSI-Construct PV)


15. BIPV…mimicry or semantics of PV?

Plus-Energie-Haus in Zurich. Viridén + Partner AG (source: www.ee-news.ch)Kohle Silo in Basel, Baüburo In situ AG (Picture: SUPSI-EnergieSchwez)


BIPV: the challenge of making building skin active

04/07/2016


For not concluding, a question

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What is innovation in BIPV?

…we can consider lessonslearnt from the past

- The «technological transfer» process of «new» materialsin building sector

- How plants and services, since XVIII century, sculptedarchitecture

- How new technologiestransformed buildings

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Centre Beaubourg, RPBW, Paris, 1969-74

Yale University Art Gallery, Luois Kahn, 1953


An example: the steel in

architecture

The technological transfer of steel in architecture sinceXVIII century has beencarachterized by differentsteps of innovation

First step:

Reference to past archetypes(permanence, mimesis of technology). The first ironbridge still used the woodconstruction techniques

34Severn «Iron Bridge» ( 1779-1781) is the first metallic bridge in the history of consttruction.


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Second step:

tecnomorphism

(expression of the technique)

The past survivals disappearin a new, authentic, languageand use of the «new» technology

Millau Bridge, Foster + Partners, 2004.

From integration to

innovation


Overview, wider picture

«Of course, our failures are a consequence of

many factors, but possibly one of the most

important is the fact that society operates on the

theory that specialization is the key to success, not

realizing that specialization precludes

comprehensive thinking».

R. Buckminster Fuller, Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth, 1963 US

architect & engineer (1895 - 1983)

http://www.pv-landscapes.com/

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A change of paradigm

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Swiss Tech Centre-EPFL, Lausanne (Photo: SUPSI)

“My expectation is that such

panels will be integrated into

the very fabric of the walls and

roof and the shape or form of

the buildings will also be

sculpted by the solar cycle to

maximize the input of its

energy. I’ve never seen a

conflict between the pursuit of

aesthetic delight and high

performance in terms of

sustainability”

Lord Norman Foster, Swiss solar prize 2010, pp.3-4


…our path towards a solar built environment

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��

Dr. Pierluigi BonomoISAAC-Advanced Building Skin Team

Swiss BiPV Competence Centre

[email protected] www.bipv.ch

Overview on international BIPV research activities - … · 2016-09-06 · International BIPV...

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